Igihe gishya cy’inganda nshya z’ingufu z’imodoka gifite intego ebyiri zo guhindura inganda no kuvugurura no kurinda ibidukikije, ibyo bikaba ari byo bituma inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi n’ibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bitera imbere, kandi abakora insinga n’ibigo bishinzwe gutanga ibyemezo bashyize ingufu nyinshi mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere insinga zikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Insinga zikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite ibisabwa mu mikorere myiza muri byose, kandi zigomba kuzuza ibipimo ngenderwaho bya RoHSb, ibisabwa mu rwego rwa UL94V-0 bigabanya umuriro n’imikorere yoroshye. Iyi nyandiko igaragaza ibikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutegura insinga zikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
1. Ibikoresho bya insinga ifite amashanyarazi menshi
(1) Ibikoresho by'insinga bikoresha amashanyarazi
Kugeza ubu, hari ibikoresho bibiri by'ingenzi bya "cable conductor layer": umuringa na aluminium. Hari amasosiyete make atekereza ko "aluminium core" ishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyayo mu gukora, binyuze mu kongeramo umuringa, icyuma, manyeziyumu, silicon n'ibindi bintu bishingiye ku bikoresho bya aluminium byuzuye, binyuze mu buryo bwihariye nko gukora no gusimbuza, kunoza uburyo amashanyarazi atwara, imikorere yo kugonda no kurwanya ingese, kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa ku bushobozi bumwe bwo gutwara, kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka zimwe nk'iz'ibyuma bitwara umuringa cyangwa kurushaho. Bityo, ikiguzi cyo gukora kirazigamwa cyane. Ariko, amasosiyete menshi aracyafata umuringa nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi cya "conductor layer", mbere ya byose, "resistivity" ya "cuivre" ni nto, hanyuma "performance" nyinshi ya "cuivre" iba nziza kuruta iya aluminium ku rwego rumwe, nko gutwara "power" nyinshi, gutakaza voltage nke, gukoresha ingufu nke no kwizerana gukomeye. Kuri ubu, guhitamo "conductors" muri rusange bikoresha "soft conductors" zisanzwe 6 zo mu gihugu (uburebure bw'insinga imwe y'umuringa bugomba kuba burenga 25%, umurambararo wa "monofilament" ni munsi ya 0.30) kugira ngo monofilament y'umuringa yorohe kandi ikomere. Imbonerahamwe ya 1 igaragaza amahame agomba kubahirizwa ku bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza umuringa.
(2) Ibikoresho byo mu nsinga bikingira ubushyuhe
Imiterere y'imbere y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi iragoye, mu guhitamo ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe, ku ruhande rumwe, kugira ngo habeho ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo gukingira ubushyuhe mu mutekano, ku rundi ruhande, uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo habeho uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bikunze gukoreshwa ni polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polyethylene ifatanye (XLPE), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), n'ibindi, hamwe n'imiterere yabyo y'ingenzi bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Muri byo, PVC irimo lisansi, ariko amabwiriza ya RoHS abuza ikoreshwa rya lisansi, mercure, cadmium, hexvalent chromium, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) na polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) n'ibindi bintu byangiza, bityo mu myaka ya vuba aha PVC yasimbuwe na XLPE, silicone rubber, TPE n'ibindi bikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije.
(3) Ibikoresho byo kurinda insinga
Urusobe rw'uburinzi rugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: urusobe rw'uburinzi rukoresha ingufu nke n'urusobe rw'uburinzi rukozwe mu buryo bwa "boiled shielding". Uburemere bw'uburinzi bw'ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nke kuri 20 ° C na 90 ° C nyuma yo gusaza ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cya tekiniki cyo gupima ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nke, ibyo bikaba bigena mu buryo butaziguye igihe insinga ifite voltage nyinshi ikorera. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bikoresha ingufu nke birimo ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), napolyethylene (PE)Ibikoresho bishingiye ku bikoresho. Mu gihe ibikoresho fatizo nta nyungu bifite kandi urwego rw'ubuziranenge rudashobora kunozwa mu gihe gito, ibigo by'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'inganda zikora ibikoresho by'insinga bibanda ku bushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya no gupima formula y'ibikoresho byo kurinda, kandi bagashaka udushya mu miterere y'ibikoresho byo kurinda kugira ngo banoze imikorere rusange y'insinga.
2. Uburyo bwo gutegura insinga z'amashanyarazi menshi
(1) Ikoranabuhanga rya conductor string
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gukoresha insinga bwamaze igihe kinini butegurwa, bityo hari n'ibipimo byabwo bwite mu nganda no mu bigo. Mu gihe cyo gushushanya insinga, hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukuraho insinga imwe, ibikoresho byo gukuraho insinga bishobora kugabanywamo imashini yo gukuraho insinga, imashini yo gukuraho insinga n'imashini yo gukuraho insinga. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa conductor y'umuringa, ubushyuhe n'igihe birebire, birakwiye gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukuraho insinga kugira ngo ukore insinga ikomeza gukurura no gukuraho insinga kugira ngo hongere uburebure n'umuvuduko wo gukurura insinga. Kuri ubu, insinga ya polyethylene ihuza (XLPE) yasimbuye burundu insinga y'amavuta iri hagati ya voltage ya 1 na 500kV. Hariho inzira ebyiri zisanzwe zo gukora conductor kuri conductor za XLPE: gufungana no kuzunguruka insinga. Ku ruhande rumwe, insinga ishobora kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi mu muyoboro uhuza kugira ngo ikandagire ibikoresho byayo byo kurinda n'ibikoresho byo gukingira mu cyuho cy'insinga zihungabanye kandi bigatera imyanda; Ku rundi ruhande, ishobora kandi gukumira kwinjira kw'amazi mu cyerekezo cy'umuyoboro kugira ngo insinga ikore neza. Umuyoboro w'umuringa ubwawo ni imiterere y'umuyoboro, ahanini ikorwa n'imashini isanzwe ikora imigozi, imashini ikora imigozi, n'ibindi. Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo gufunga uruziga, ishobora kwemeza ko umuyoboro ukora imigozi izengurutse.
(2) Uburyo bwo gukora insinga za XLPE
Kugira ngo hakorwe insinga ya XLPE ifite voltage nyinshi, gukurura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (CCV) no gukurura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (VCV) ni inzira ebyiri zo gukora.
(3) Uburyo bwo gusohora
Mbere yaho, abakora insinga bakoresheje uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gusohora insinga kugira ngo bakore insinga zo gukingira insinga, intambwe ya mbere icyarimwe ikaba ari uburinzi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’urwego rwo gukingira insinga, hanyuma bagahuza n’urukuta rw’insinga, bagashyiraho igihe runaka hanyuma bagashyira uburinzi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Mu myaka ya 1970, hagaragaye uburyo bwo gusohora insinga bufite ibyiciro bitatu bya 1 + 2 mu nsinga zikingira insinga, bituma uburinzi bw’imbere n’inyuma n’uburinzi burangira mu buryo bumwe. Ubu buryo bubanza gusohora uburinzi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, nyuma y’intera ngufi (2 ~ 5m), hanyuma bugasohora uburinzi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’uburinzi ku nsinga y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi icyarimwe. Ariko, uburyo bubiri bwa mbere bufite imbogamizi zikomeye, bityo mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1990, abatanga ibikoresho byo gukora insinga batangije uburyo bwo gukora insinga bufite ibyiciro bitatu, bwasohoraga uburinzi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, uburinzi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’uburinzi bw’umuyoboro icyarimwe. Mu myaka mike ishize, ibihugu by'amahanga byatangije igishushanyo mbonera gishya cy'umutwe w'ingunguru hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha, binyuze mu kuringaniza umuvuduko w'amazi mu mutwe kugira ngo bigabanye ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho, kongera igihe cyo gukora, gusimbuza impinduka zidahagarara ku bipimo by'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umutwe bishobora kandi kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kudakora no kunoza imikorere.
3. Umwanzuro
Imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zifite amahirwe menshi yo gukora kandi zifite isoko rinini, zikeneye urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa by'insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo myinshi, zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, zirinda ingufu za elegitoroniki, zirwanya guhindagurika, zikora neza, zimara igihe kirekire zikora neza kandi zigatwara isoko. Ibikoresho by'insinga zikoresha ingufu nyinshi hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuzitegura bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukora. Imodoka zikoresha ingufu ntizishobora kunoza imikorere no kwemeza ko zikoreshwa neza nta nsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2024