Ibihe bishya byinganda zikora amamodoka mashya bitwaje ubutumwa bubiri bwo guhindura inganda no kuzamura no kurengera ibidukikije byikirere, ibyo bikaba bitera imbere cyane iterambere ryinganda zinsinga zamashanyarazi n’ibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano n’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi abakora insinga n’inzego zemeza ibyemezo bashora ingufu nyinshi mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi. Umugozi wa voltage mwinshi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite imikorere isabwa muburyo bwose, kandi bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwa RoHSb, flame retardant urwego UL94V-0 ibisabwa bisanzwe nibikorwa byoroshye. Uru rupapuro rwerekana ibikoresho nubuhanga bwo gutegura insinga nini za voltage kumashanyarazi.
1.Ibikoresho bya kabili ya voltage ndende
(1) Ibikoresho byayobora umugozi
Kugeza ubu, hari ibikoresho bibiri byingenzi byububiko bwa kabili: umuringa na aluminium. Ibigo bike bibwira ko intungamubiri ya aluminiyumu ishobora kugabanya cyane igiciro cy’umusaruro, hiyongereyeho umuringa, icyuma, magnesium, silikoni n’ibindi bintu hashingiwe ku bikoresho bya aluminiyumu yera, binyuze mu nzira zidasanzwe nka synthesis hamwe no kuvura annealing, kunoza imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, kunama imikorere no kurwanya ruswa ya kabili, kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa nk’ubushobozi bw’umuringa cyangwa kurushaho. Rero, ikiguzi cy'umusaruro kirazigamye cyane. Nyamara, ibigo byinshi biracyafata umuringa nkibikoresho byingenzi byurwego rwabayobora, mbere ya byose, kurwanya umuringa ni muke, hanyuma ibyinshi mubikorwa byumuringa bikaba byiza kuruta ibya aluminium kurwego rumwe, nkubushobozi bunini bwo gutwara ibintu, gutakaza ingufu nke, gukoresha ingufu nke no kwizerwa gukomeye. Kugeza ubu, gutoranya abayobora muri rusange bifashisha ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu 6 byoroheje (kurambura umugozi umwe wumuringa bigomba kuba birenga 25%, diameter ya monofilament iri munsi ya 0.30) kugirango hamenyekane ubworoherane nubukomezi bwa monofilament. Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana ibipimo bigomba kuba byujuje ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu muringa.
(2) Gukingura ibikoresho bya kabili
Ibidukikije byimbere yimodoka zamashanyarazi biragoye, muguhitamo ibikoresho byokwirinda, kuruhande rumwe, kugirango harebwe neza uburyo bwogukoresha neza, kurundi ruhande, uko bishoboka kose kugirango uhitemo gutunganya byoroshye nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa ni insina ni polyvinyl chloride (PVC),guhuza polyethylene (XLPE)reberi ya silicone, thermoplastique elastomer (TPE), nibindi, nibintu byingenzi byerekanwe kumeza 2.
Muri byo, PVC irimo isasu, ariko Amabwiriza ya RoHS abuza gukoresha isasu, mercure, kadmium, chromium ya hexvalent, polybromine diphenyl ethers (PBDE) hamwe na biphenili polybromine (PBB) nibindi bintu byangiza, kuburyo mumyaka yashize PVC yasimbujwe XLPE, ibikoresho bya silicone, TPE nibindi bikoresho bya silicone, TPE nibindi bikoresho bya silicone, TPE nibindi bikoresho bya silicone, TPE nibindi bikoresho bya silicone.
(3) Umugozi wo gukingira ibikoresho
Igice cyo gukingira kigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: igice cyo gukingira igice cyo gukingira hamwe nicyuma gikingira. Ubwinshi bwumubyigano wibikoresho byo gukingira igice cya 20 ° C na 90 ° C kandi nyuma yo gusaza nigipimo cyingenzi cya tekiniki yo gupima ibikoresho bikingira, bigena mu buryo butaziguye ubuzima bwa serivisi ya kabili ya voltage. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birinda igice kirimo ibikoresho bya reberi ya Ethylene-propylene (EPR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), napolyethylene (PE)ibikoresho bishingiye. Mu gihe ibikoresho fatizo bidafite inyungu kandi urwego rw’ubuziranenge ntirushobora kunozwa mu gihe gito, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi n’abakora ibikoresho by’insinga byibanda ku bushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga ritunganyirizwa hamwe n’ikigereranyo cy’ibikoresho bikingira, kandi bagashaka udushya mu kigereranyo cy’ibikoresho bikingira kugira ngo bateze imbere imikorere rusange y’umugozi.
2.Ibikorwa byo gutegura umugozi muremure
(1) Ikorana buhanga rya tekinoroji
Inzira y'ibanze ya kabili yatejwe imbere igihe kirekire, bityo hariho n'ibisobanuro byabo bwite mubikorwa n'inganda. Muburyo bwo gushushanya insinga, ukurikije uburyo butajegajega bwinsinga imwe, ibikoresho byo guhagarara birashobora kugabanywamo imashini itambitse, imashini ihambura hamwe na mashini idoda / idafunguye. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa kristalisiyoneri y'umuringa, ubushyuhe bwa annealing hamwe nigihe kinini, birakwiye ko ukoresha ibikoresho byimashini zidahagarara kugirango ukore monwire ikomeza gukurura no gukomeza gukurura monwire kugirango tunonosore igipimo cyo kurambura no kuvunika. Kugeza ubu, umugozi uhuza polyethylene (XLPE) wasimbuye burundu umugozi wamavuta uri hagati ya 1 na 500kV ya voltage. Hariho inzira ebyiri zisanzwe zikora inzira kubayobora XLPE: guhuza uruziga no kugoreka insinga. Ku ruhande rumwe, intsinga irashobora kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi mu muyoboro uhuza imiyoboro kugira ngo ukande ibikoresho byayo bikingira hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kubika mu cyuho cy’insinga kandi bigatera imyanda; Ku rundi ruhande, irashobora kandi gukumira amazi kwinjira mu cyerekezo cyuyobora kugira ngo umugozi ukore neza. Umuyoboro wumuringa ubwawo ni imiterere yibanda kumurongo, ikorwa cyane cyane nimashini isanzwe ikomatanya imashini, imashini ihambira, nibindi.
(2) Uburyo bwo gukora insinga ya XLPE
Kubyara umusaruro mwinshi wa kabili ya XLPE, catenary yumye yambukiranya (CCV) hamwe na vertical yumye ihuza (VCV) nuburyo bubiri bwo gukora.
(3) Inzira yo gukuramo
Mbere, uruganda rukora insinga rwakoresheje uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gusohora kugirango rutange insinga ya insulasiyo, intambwe yambere icyarimwe icyarimwe ikingira ikingira ikingira hamwe na layer ya insulation, hanyuma igahuza kandi igakomeretsa kumurongo wa kabili, igashyirwa mugihe runaka hanyuma ikingira ingabo. Mu myaka ya za 70, inzira ya 1 + 2 yo gukuramo ibice bitatu yagaragaye mu nsinga zometse ku nsinga, bituma gukingira imbere no hanze bikingira hamwe mu gihe kimwe. Inzira ibanza gusohora ingabo ya kiyobora, nyuma yintera ngufi (2 ~ 5m), hanyuma ikanasohora ingabo yo gukingira no gukingira ingabo ikingira icyarimwe. Nyamara, uburyo bubiri bwa mbere bufite imbogamizi zikomeye, bityo mumpera za 90, abatanga ibikoresho byogukora insinga batangije uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibyo bikaba byaragaragazaga gukingira imiyoboro, gukingira no gukingira icyarimwe. Mu myaka mike ishize, ibihugu byamahanga nabyo byatangije umutwe mushya wa extruder barrel hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya plaque ya mesh, muguhuza igitutu cyumutwe wigitereko cyumuvuduko kugirango ugabanye kwegeranya ibintu, kongera igihe cyumusaruro uhoraho, gusimbuza ihinduka ridahagarara ryibisobanuro byerekana igishushanyo mbonera nacyo gishobora kuzigama cyane ibiciro byo kumanura no kunoza imikorere.
3. Umwanzuro
Ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bifite icyerekezo cyiza cyiterambere nisoko rinini, bikenera urukurikirane rwibicuruzwa bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi, guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ingaruka zo gukingira amashanyarazi, kwihanganira kunanirwa, guhinduka, ubuzima bukora igihe kirekire nibindi bikorwa byiza mubikorwa kandi bigatwara isoko. Imashanyarazi yamashanyarazi menshi yumurongo wibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo kuyitegura bifite ibyerekezo byinshi byiterambere. Ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi ntigishobora kunoza umusaruro no kwemeza ikoreshwa ryumutekano udafite insinga nini ya voltage.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2024