Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no gukoresha insinga, yangirika bitewe n’imbaraga za mekanike, cyangwa insinga ikoreshwa igihe kirekire ahantu hatose kandi hari amazi, bigatuma amazi yo hanze yinjira buhoro buhoro mu nsinga. Mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi, amahirwe yo gukora igiti cy’amazi ku buso bw’insinga aziyongera. Igiti cy’amazi cyakozwe na electrolysis kizaca insinga, kigabanya imikorere y’insinga muri rusange, kandi kigire ingaruka ku buzima bw’insinga. Kubwibyo, gukoresha insinga zitagira amazi ni ingenzi cyane.
Umuyoboro udakoresha insinga ufata amazi cyane cyane ugana ku cyerekezo cy'umuyoboro w'insinga no ku cyerekezo cy'insinga unyuze mu gice cy'insinga. Kubwibyo, imiterere y'insinga idakoresha amazi n'iy'uburebure ishobora gukoreshwa.
1. Inzira y'umurambararo idapfa amazi
Intego nyamukuru yo kwirinda amazi hakoreshejwe radial ni ukurinda amazi yo hanze ayikikije kwinjira mu nsinga mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Imiterere idakoresha amazi ifite amahitamo akurikira.
1.1 Agakoresho ka polyethylene gakingira amazi
Umugozi wa polyethylene udatobora amazi ukoreshwa gusa ku bisabwa rusange ku mugozi udatobora amazi. Ku nsinga ziciwe mu mazi igihe kirekire, imikorere y’insinga z’amashanyarazi zidatobora amazi zikozwe muri polyethylene igomba kunozwa.
1.2 Agakoresho k'icyuma karinda amazi
Imiterere y’insinga zitagira amazi zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa radial zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa voltage nkeya zifite voltage ingana na 0.6kV/1kV no hejuru muri rusange ikorwa binyuze mu gice cyo hanze cy’uburinzi n’ipfunyika ry’imbere ry’umukandara wa aluminiyumu-plastiki ufite impande ebyiri. Insinga ziciriritse zifite voltage ingana na 3.6kV/6kV no hejuru ni radial zitagira amazi zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa radial munsi y’imikorere y’umukandara wa aluminiyumu-plastiki n’umuyoboro urwanya amashanyarazi. Insinga zirengeje ingufu zifite voltage nyinshi zishobora kudapfa zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa radial hamwe n’insinga z’icyuma nk’insinga z’icyuma cyangwa insinga za aluminiyumu zikozwe mu buryo bwa corrugated.
Umugozi utoroshye wo mu gitereko ukoreshwa cyane cyane ku muyoboro w'insinga, amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka n'ahandi hantu.
2. Insinga ihagaze idakingirwa n'amazi
Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi mu gihe kirekire bushobora gufatwa nk'aho butuma icyuma gikingira insinga n'icyuma gikingira insinga bigira ingaruka zo kudahangarwa n'amazi. Iyo urwego rwo hanze rw'insinga rwangiritse bitewe n'imbaraga zo hanze, ubushuhe cyangwa amazi bikikije bizinjira mu buryo buhagaze bugana ku cyuma gikingira insinga n'icyerekezo cy'icyuma gikingira insinga. Kugira ngo twirinde kwangirika k'ubushuhe cyangwa ubushuhe ku nsinga, dushobora gukoresha uburyo bukurikira kugira ngo turinde insinga.
(1)Kaseti yo kuziba amazi
Hagati y’insinga zirinda amazi n’igice cy’icyuma gikozwe muri aluminiyumu na plastiki hongerwaho agace k’icyuma gikingira amazi gapfundikiye igice cy’icyuma gikingira amazi cyangwa igice cy’icyuma gikingira amazi, kandi igipimo cyo gupfunyika no gutwikira amazi ni 25%. Agace k’icyuma gikingira amazi karakura iyo gahuye n’amazi, ibyo byongera ubukana hagati y’agace k’icyuma gikingira amazi n’igice cy’icyuma gikingira amazi, kugira ngo hagerwe ku ngaruka zo gufunga amazi.
(2)Kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje amashanyarazi make
Kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresha ingufu nke ikoreshwa cyane mu nsinga z’amashanyarazi aciriritse, mu gupfunyika kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje ingufu nke izengurutse urwego rw’icyuma rukingira, kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo kudakoresha amazi mu gihe kirekire. Nubwo ingaruka zo kudakoresha amazi z’insinga zirushaho kwiyongera, umurambararo w’inyuma w’insinga uriyongera nyuma y’uko insinga izingiye ku nsinga ifunga amazi.
(3) Gushyira amazi mu kajagari
Ibikoresho byo kuzuza amazi akenshi bibaubudodo buziba amazi(umugozi) n'ifu ifunga amazi. Ifu ifunga amazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuziba amazi hagati y'imirongo y'umuyoboro w'amazi igoramye. Iyo ifu ifunga amazi bigoranye kuyifata kuri monofilament y'umuyoboro w'amazi, kole nziza y'amazi ishobora gushyirwa hanze ya monofilament y'umuyoboro w'amazi, naho ifu ifunga amazi ishobora gupfunyikwa hanze ya kondakita. Ubudodo bufunga amazi (umuyoboro) bukunze gukoreshwa mu kuzuza icyuho kiri hagati y'insinga eshatu zifite umuvuduko uringaniye.
3 Imiterere rusange y'uburyo amazi adashobora gutwarwa n'insinga
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'ikoreshwa n'ibisabwa, imiterere y'insinga irwanya amazi irimo imiterere idapfa amazi, imiterere y'amazi irinda amazi mu buryo bw'igihe kirekire (harimo na radial) n'imiterere irinda amazi mu buryo bwose. Urugero, imiterere ibuza amazi y'insinga ifite ingufu eshatu z'amashanyarazi aciriritse ifatwa nk'urugero.
3.1 Imiterere y'urukiramende rudapfa amazi rw'insinga y'amashanyarazi aciriritse y'impande eshatu
Uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi hakoreshejwe insinga y’amashanyarazi ikoresha imirasire y’amashanyarazi ifata amazi mu buryo bwa “radial”, muri rusange ikoresha “semi-conductive water blocking tape” na “double-conductive aluminium” kugira ngo igere ku musaruro urwanya amazi. Imiterere yayo rusange ni: “conductor”, “conductor shielding”, “insulation”, “insulation shielding”, “step” y’icyuma (“copper” cyangwa “copper”), “suffing” isanzwe, “semi-conductive water blocking”, “double-conductive aluminium”, “double-conductive sheet”, “outer sheet”.
3.2 Insinga y'amashanyarazi aciriritse ifite imiterere itatu y'ubudahangarwa bw'amazi mu gihe kirekire
Umugozi w’amashanyarazi ugizwe n’inkingi eshatu kandi ukoresha kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje semi-conductive water blocking tape na kaseti ya aluminiyumu ifite impande ebyiri kugira ngo igere ku musaruro wo kwirinda amazi. Byongeye kandi, umugozi ufunga amazi ukoreshwa mu kuzuza icyuho kiri hagati y’insinga eshatu z’ingenzi. Imiterere yawo rusange ni: kondakita, urwego rwo kurinda kondakita, insulation, urwego rwo kurinda insulation, kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje semi-conductive water blocking tape, urwego rwo kurinda icyuma (kaseti y’umuringa cyangwa umuringa), kuzuza umugozi ukingira amazi, kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje semi-conductive water blocking tape, n’agace k’inyuma.
3.3 Insinga y'amashanyarazi aciriritse ifite imiterere itatu irwanya amazi
Imiterere y’insinga ifunga amazi yose isaba ko icyuma gifunga amazi na cyo kiba gifite ubushobozi bwo kuziba amazi, kandi hamwe n’ibisabwa mu kuziba amazi mu buryo bwa radial no mu buryo bwa longitude, kugira ngo amazi ashobore kuziba amazi yose. Imiterere yacyo rusange ni: icyuma gifunga amazi, urwego rwo kuziba icyuma, ubushyuhe, urwego rwo kuziba icyuma, urwego rwo kuziba icyuma (icyuma cyangwa insinga z’umuringa), kuzuza umugozi ufunga amazi, icyuma gifunga amazi, icyuma gifunga aluminium gifite impande ebyiri, icyuma cyo hanze.
Insinga ifunga amazi ifite impande eshatu ishobora kunozwa ikagera ku nsinga eshatu zifunga amazi zifite impande imwe (zimeze nk'insinga ifunga amazi ifite impande eshatu). Ni ukuvuga ko buri nsinga ibanza gukorwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'insinga ifunga amazi ifite impande imwe, hanyuma insinga eshatu zitandukanye zigazunguruka zinyuze muri iyo nsinga kugira ngo zisimbuze insinga ifunga amazi ifite impande eshatu. Muri ubu buryo, ntibwongera gusa imbaraga zo kwirinda amazi z'insinga, ahubwo binatanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya insinga no kuzishyiraho no kuzishyiraho nyuma.
4. Amabwiriza yo kwitondera gukora imiyoboro y'insinga ifunga amazi
(1) Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gufatanya hakurikijwe ibipimo n'ingero z'insinga kugira ngo urebe neza ubwiza bw'insinga.
(2) Ntugahitemo iminsi y'imvura mu gihe ukora imiyoboro y'insinga ifunga amazi. Ibi biterwa nuko amazi y'insinga agira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'insinga, ndetse n'impanuka z'amashanyarazi magufi zishobora kubaho mu bihe bikomeye.
(3) Mbere yo gukora imiyoboro y'insinga idapfa amazi, soma witonze amabwiriza y'umusaruro w'umukozi.
(4) Iyo ukandagiye umuyoboro w'umuringa ku ihuriro, ntugomba gukomera cyane, igihe cyose ukandagiye aho uri. Impande y'umuringa nyuma yo gukandagira igomba gushyirwa neza nta mbobo.
(5) Mu gihe ukoresha itara ry'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ukore umurongo ugabanya ubushyuhe bw'insinga, witondere ko itara ry'amashanyarazi rigenda rigaruka n'inyuma, atari mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa, itara ry'amashanyarazi rihora rihindagurika.
(6) Ingano y'insinga ikonje yo kugabanya umugozi igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gushushanya, cyane cyane iyo ukuyemo inkunga mu muyoboro wabugenewe, igomba kwitonda.
(7) Iyo bibaye ngombwa, agakoresho ko gufunga gashobora gukoreshwa ku miyoboro y'insinga kugira ngo gafunge kandi kongere ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi bw'insinga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2024