Agati cyangwa agati k'inyuma ni urwego rwo hejuru rurinda mu miterere y'insinga z'urumuri, ahanini gakozwe mu bikoresho bya PE sheath na PVC sheath, kandi ibikoresho bya halogen-fire-retardant sheath bitagira umuriro hamwe n'ibikoresho bya electron tracking sheath bikoreshwa mu bihe byihariye.
1. Ibikoresho byo mu gipangu cya PE
PE ni amagambo ahinnye ya polyethylene, ari na yo polymer ikorwa na polymerization ya ethylene. Ibikoresho bya polyethylene byirabura bikorwa binyuze mu kuvanga no gushyiramo polyethylene resin hamwe na stabilizer, carbone black, antioxidant na plasticizer mu rugero runaka. Ibikoresho bya polyethylene sheath bya optique cable sheaths bishobora kugabanywamo polyethylene yo hasi (LDPE), polyethylene yo hasi (LLDPE), polyethylene yo hagati (MDPE) na polyethylene yo hasi (HDPE) hakurikijwe ubucucike. Bitewe n'ubucucike bwazo butandukanye n'imiterere ya molekile, zifite imiterere itandukanye. Polyethylene yo hasi, izwi kandi nka polyethylene yo hasi, ikorwa na copolymerization ya ethylene ku gitutu kinini (hejuru ya 1500 atmospheres) kuri 200-300°C hamwe na ogisijeni nk'umuti. Kubwibyo, uruhererekane rwa molekile rwa polyethylene yo hasi rurimo amashami menshi y'uburebure butandukanye, afite urwego rwo hejuru rw'amashami y'uruhererekane, imiterere idahwitse, crystallinity nke, hamwe no koroha no kurekura neza. Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi, izwi kandi nka polyethylene ifite umuvuduko muto, ikorwa binyuze mu gupomera ethylene ku gitutu gito (ikirere cya 1-5) na 60-80°C hamwe na catalysts za aluminiyumu na titaniyumu. Bitewe n'uko polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi ikwirakwira mu buryo buciriritse hamwe n'uburyo molecules zitondetse, ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, irwanya imiti neza kandi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho bya polyethylene ifite ubucucike buringaniye bikorwa binyuze mu kuvanga polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi na polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke mu rugero rukwiye, cyangwa hakoreshejwe polymeri ya ethylene monomer na propylene (cyangwa monomer ya kabiri ya 1-butene). Kubwibyo, imikorere ya polyethylene ifite ubucucike buringaniye iri hagati y’iya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi na polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo koroha bwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke ndetse no kudashira neza no gukomera kwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi. Polyethylene ifite ubucucike buringaniye ipomeraizwa hakoreshejwe gaze ifite umuvuduko muto cyangwa uburyo bwo gusubiza hamwe na ethylene monomer na 2-olefin. Urwego rw'amashami ya polyethylene ifite ubucucike buringaniye ruri hagati y'ubucucike buringaniye n'ubucucike bwinshi, bityo ikaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibidukikije. Ubudahangarwa ku gucika kw'imitsi mu bidukikije ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyane cyo kumenya ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bya PE. Bivuga ku kintu cyagaragaye ko igice cy'igerageza ry'ibikoresho cyahuye n'impinduka z'imitsi mu bidukikije bya surfactant. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gucika kw'imitsi mu bidukikije birimo: uburemere bwa molekile, ikwirakwizwa ry'ibice bya molekile, ubugari bwa kristale, n'imiterere mito y'uruhererekane rwa molekile. Uko uburemere bwa molekile burushaho kuba bunini, ni ko uburemere bwa molekile burushaho kuba buto, ni ko isano iri hagati y'udupira twa wafer, ni ko ubushobozi bwo kudahangarwa ku mitsi mu bidukikije burushaho kuba bwiza, kandi ni ko ubuzima bw'ibikoresho burushaho kuba bwinshi; icyarimwe, imiterere y'ibikoresho nabyo bigira ingaruka kuri iki kimenyetso. Uko kristale igabanuka, ni ko ubushobozi bwo kudahangarwa ku mitsi mu bidukikije burushaho kuba bwiza. Ingufu zo gukurura no kurekura igihe ibikoresho bya PE bicitse ni ikindi kimenyetso cyo gupima imikorere y'ibikoresho, kandi bishobora no guhanura aho ibikoresho bizarangirira. Ingano ya karuboni mu bikoresho bya PE ishobora kurwanya neza kwangirika kw'imirasire ya ultraviolet ku bikoresho, kandi antioxydants zishobora kunoza neza imiterere ya antioxydants y'ibikoresho.
2. Ibikoresho bya PVC mu gipfunyika
Ibintu bigabanya umuriro bya PVC birimo atome za chlorine, zizatwika mu muriro. Iyo bitwitse, birabora bigasohora umwuka mwinshi wa HCL uhumanya kandi uhumanya, ibyo bikazana ingaruka mbi, ariko bizimya ubwabyo iyo biva mu muriro, bityo bikaba bifite umwihariko wo kudakwirakwiza umuriro; muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho bya PVC bifite ubworoherane bwiza kandi byoroshye kwaguka, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu nzu.
3. Ibikoresho by'icyuma kidakoresha umuriro kidakoresha Halogen
Kubera ko polyvinyl chloride izatanga imyuka y’uburozi iyo ihiye, abantu bakoze ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bitagira umwotsi mwinshi, bidafite halogen, bidafite uburozi, kandi bisukuye, ni ukuvuga kongeramo ibikoresho bitagira uburozi bya Al (OH)3 na Mg (OH)2 mu bikoresho bisanzwe byo mu gikoni, bizarekura amazi ya kristu iyo bihuye n’umuriro kandi bigakurura ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo bikabuza ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho byo mu gikoni kuzamuka no gukumira gutwika. Kubera ko ibikoresho bitagira uburozi byongerwa mu bikoresho bitagira uburozi bya halogen, ubushobozi bwo gutwara polymer buziyongera. Muri icyo gihe, resins n’ibikoresho bitagira uburozi bya halogen ni ibikoresho bitandukanye cyane mu byiciro bibiri. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya, ni ngombwa kwirinda kuvanga ibintu bitagira ubuziranenge bya halogen. Ibintu bitagira uburozi bya halogen bigomba kongerwamo ingano ikwiye. Niba igipimo ari kinini cyane, imbaraga za mekanike n’uburebure mu gihe cyo gucika kw’ibikoresho bizagabanuka cyane. Ibipimo byo gusuzuma imiterere y’ibikoresho bitagira uburozi bya halogen ni urugero rwa ogisijeni n’ubwinshi bw’umwotsi. Ikigereranyo cya ogisijeni ni urugero ruto rwa ogisijeni rukenewe kugira ngo ibikoresho bikomeze gushya neza mu mwuka uvanze wa ogisijeni na azote. Uko igipimo cya ogisijeni kiba kinini, ni ko imiterere y’ibice bigabanya umuriro irushaho kuba myiza. Igipimo cy’umwotsi kibarwa hapimwa uburyo urumuri runyura mu mwotsi uturuka ku gutwika kw’ibikoresho mu mwanya runaka no mu burebure bw’inzira y’urumuri. Uko igipimo cy’umwotsi kiba gito, ni ko umwotsi usohoka uba muke kandi imikorere y’ibikoresho iba myiza.
4. Ibikoresho by'icyuma kidakoresha amashanyarazi
Hari insinga nyinshi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryigenga (ADSS) ziri mu munara umwe zifite imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi menshi mu buryo bw’itumanaho ry’amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo batsinde ingaruka z’amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi menshi ku gipfunyika cy’insinga, abantu bakoze kandi bakora ibikoresho bishya birwanya inkovu z’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by’icyuma bigenzura neza ingano y’umukara wa karuboni, ingano n’ikwirakwira ry’uduce tw’umukara wa karuboni, bongeramo inyongera zidasanzwe kugira ngo ibikoresho by’icyuma bigire imikorere myiza irwanya inkovu z’amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-26-2024