1. Incamake
Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, insinga z’ikoranabuhanga, nk’ingenzi mu gutwara amakuru agezweho, zirushaho kuba nyinshi mu bijyanye n’imikorere n’ubwiza.Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), nk'iplasitiki y'ubuhanga ya thermoplastic ifite imikorere myiza cyane, igira uruhare runini mu gukora insinga za optique. PBT ikorwa na polymerization ya dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) cyangwa aside terephthalate (TPA) na butanediol nyuma yo guhindurwa. Ni imwe muri plastike eshanu z'ubuhanga zikoreshwa muri rusange kandi yabanje gutegurwa na GE ikanashyirwa mu nganda mu myaka ya 1970. Nubwo yatangiye itinze cyane, yateye imbere vuba cyane. Bitewe n'imikorere yayo myiza, ubushobozi bwo kuyitunganya no kuyitunganya buhenze, ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi, imodoka, itumanaho, ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'ahandi. Cyane cyane mu gukora insinga za optique, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kandi ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho by'insinga zikora neza mu bikoresho fatizo by'insinga za optique.
PBT ni polyester y'umweru utagira amata, ibonerana cyangwa idahinduka, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe kandi ihamye. Imiterere yayo ya molekile ni [(CH₂)₄OOCC₆H₄COO]n. Ugereranyije na PET, ifite andi matsinda abiri ya methylene mu bice by'uruhererekane, ibyo bigatuma uruhererekane rwayo rw'ingenzi rugira imiterere ya helical kandi rworoshye kuyihindura. PBT ntabwo irwanya aside ikomeye na alkali zikomeye, ariko ishobora kurwanya ibintu byinshi bya organic kandi irabora iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije. Kubera imiterere yayo myiza, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imiti n'imikorere yayo, PBT yabaye ibikoresho byiza by'imiterere mu nganda z'insinga za optique kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye bya PBT ku nsinga z'itumanaho n'insinga za optique.
2. Ibiranga ibikoresho bya PBT
PBT ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'ibivanze byahinduwe. Mu kongeramo ibintu bigabanya umuriro, ibikoresho byo kongera imbaraga n'ubundi buryo bwo guhindura, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, gukingira amashanyarazi no guhangana n'imikorere bishobora kunozwa kurushaho. PBT ifite imbaraga nyinshi za mashini, gukomera neza no kudashira, kandi ishobora kurinda neza insinga z'amashanyarazi ziri mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi kwangirika. Nk'imwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi, resin ya PBT igenzura ko ibikoresho by'insinga z'amashanyarazi bifite ubworoherane bwiza kandi bihamye mu gihe bikomeza gukomera kw'imiterere.
Hagati aho, ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kudacika intege mu byuma bitandukanye kandi ishobora kurwanya ibintu bitandukanye byangiza, bigatuma insinga za optique zikora neza mu gihe kirekire mu bintu bigoye nko mu bushyuhe n'umunyu. Ibikoresho bya PBT bifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudacika intege mu bushyuhe kandi bishobora gukomeza gukora neza no mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu nsinga za optique mu bice bitandukanye by'ubushyuhe. Ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuyitunganya kandi ishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe extrusion, inshinge molding n'ubundi buryo. Ikwiriye guteranya insinga za optique zifite imiterere n'imiterere itandukanye kandi ni plastiki ikora neza cyane ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora insinga.
3. Gukoresha PBT mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi
Mu gikorwa cyo gukora insinga z'amashanyarazi, PBT ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro idafite ingufu zo gukoreshainsinga z'amaso. Ingufu zayo nyinshi n'ubukomere bwayo bishobora gushyigikira no kurinda imigozi y'urumuri, bikarinda kwangirika guterwa n'ibintu bifatika nko kunama no kurambura. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya PBT bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe n'imikorere yo kurwanya gusaza, bifasha kongera ubusugire n'ubudahemuka bw'imigozi y'urumuri mu gihe kirekire ikora. Ni kimwe mu bikoresho bya PBT bikoreshwa mu migozi y'urumuri muri iki gihe.
PBT ikunze gukoreshwa nk'icyuma cyo hanze cy'insinga z'urumuri. Icyuma ntikigomba gusa kugira imbaraga runaka za mekanike kugira ngo gihangane n'impinduka mu bidukikije byo hanze, ahubwo kigomba kandi kugira imbaraga nziza zo kwangirika, imbaraga zo kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire n'imbaraga zo gusaza imirasire y'izuba kugira ngo insinga z'urumuri zikomeze gukora neza mu gihe cyo gushyiramo ibintu hanze, mu bidukikije bitose cyangwa mu mazi. Icyuma cy'urumuri gifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo PBT ikore neza kandi ihuze n'ibidukikije, kandi resin ya PBT igaragaza ko ikoreshwa neza.
Muri sisitemu zo guhuza insinga z'amashanyarazi, PBT ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gukora ibice by'ingenzi nk'udusanduku two guhuza. Ibi bice bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa bikomeye byo gufunga, kwirinda amazi no kurwanya ikirere. Ibikoresho bya PBT, bifite imiterere myiza y'umubiri n'uburyo imiterere yabyo ihamye, ni amahitamo meza cyane kandi bigira uruhare runini mu gushyigikira imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo by'insinga z'amashanyarazi.
4. Uburyo bwo kwirinda gukorerwa ibizamini
Mbere yo gutunganya imashini, PBT igomba kuyumishwa kuri dogere 110°C kugeza 120°C mu gihe cy'amasaha agera kuri 3 kugira ngo haveho ubushuhe bwatewe n'amazi kandi hirindwe ko habaho uduheri cyangwa ububobere mu gihe cyo gutunganya. Ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya bugomba kugenzurwa hagati ya dogere 250°C na 270°C, kandi ubushyuhe bw'imashini busabwa kuguma kuri dogere 50°C kugeza 75°C. Kubera ko ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ikirahure cya PBT ari dogere 22°C gusa kandi igipimo cyo gukonjesha kiba cyihuta, igihe cyacyo cyo gukonjesha kiba gito. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imashini, ni ngombwa kwirinda ko ubushyuhe bw'umunwa buba hasi cyane, bishobora gutuma inzira y'amazi ifungwa. Niba ubushyuhe bw'imashini irengeje dogere 275°C cyangwa ibikoresho byashongeshejwe bikamara igihe kirekire, bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwangirika kandi bigacika.
Birasabwa gukoresha irembo rinini mu gutera. Sisitemu yo guterura ishyushye ntigomba gukoreshwa. Ifuro igomba kugumana ubushobozi bwiza bwo gusohora imyotsi. Ibikoresho bya PBT sprue birimo ibidakoresha umuriro cyangwa fibre y'ikirahure ntibisabwa kongera gukoreshwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika k'imikorere. Iyo imashini izimye, umuyoboro ugomba gusukurwa ku gihe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya PE cyangwa PP kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho bisigaye bya karuboni bitajya bihinduka. Ibi bipimo byo gutunganya bifite akamaro kanini ku bakora ibikoresho fatizo bya optique mu gukora ibikoresho binini bya optique.
5. Ibyiza byo gukoresha
Gukoresha PBT mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi byazamuye cyane imikorere rusange y'insinga z'amashanyarazi. Ingufu zayo nyinshi n'ubukomere bwayo byongera ubudahangarwa bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi no kudacika intege, kandi byongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha. Hagati aho, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuyitunganya bw'ibikoresho bya PBT bwongereye umusaruro kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyikora. Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kurwanya gusaza no kwangirika kw'imiti bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi butuma ikomeza gukora neza igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bikomeye, bikongera cyane ubwizigirwa n'uburyo bwo kuyibungabunga.
Nk'icyiciro cy'ingenzi mu bikoresho fatizo by'insinga z'urumuri, resin ya PBT igira uruhare mu mibanire myinshi y'imiterere kandi ni imwe muri plastiki z'ubuhanga bwa thermoplastic abakora insinga z'urumuri bashyira imbere iyo bahisemo ibikoresho by'insinga.
6. Umwanzuro n'ibyitezwe
PBT yabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye no gukora insinga z'amashanyarazi bitewe n'imikorere yayo myiza mu miterere ya mashini, kudahungabana k'ubushyuhe, kudahura n'ingufu no kugenda neza. Mu gihe kizaza, uko inganda z'itumanaho zikomeza gutera imbere, hazabaho ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza. Inganda za PBT zigomba gukomeza guteza imbere udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere kurengera ibidukikije, bigakomeza kunoza imikorere yazo yose no gukora neza. Nubwo zuzuza ibisabwa mu mikorere, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bizafasha PBT kugira uruhare runini mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi no mu nzego zitandukanye z'ikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Kamena-2025