1. Intangiriro
EVA ni amagambo ahinnye ya Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin polymer. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke bwo gushonga, amazi meza, polarite nibintu bitari halogene, kandi birashobora guhuzwa na polymers zitandukanye hamwe nifu ya minerval, ibintu byinshi bya mehaniki na physique, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi hamwe nuburinganire bwimikorere, kandi igiciro ntabwo muremure, isoko ryisoko rirahagije, kubwibyo byombi nkibikoresho byo kubika insinga, birashobora no gukoreshwa nkuzuza, ibikoresho byo gukata; Birashobora gukorwa mubintu bya termoplastique, kandi birashobora gukorwa mubintu bya termosetting byambukiranya.
EVA ikoreshwa ryinshi, hamwe na retardants, irashobora gukorwa mumyotsi mike ya halogene idafite cyangwa inzitizi ya peteroli ya halogene; hitamo ibintu byinshi VA biri muri EVA nkibikoresho fatizo nabyo birashobora gukorwa mubintu birwanya amavuta; hitamo gushonga ibipimo bya EVA biciriritse, ongeramo inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 kuzuza ibyuma bya flame retardants ya EVA birashobora gukorwa mubikorwa byo gukuramo ibicuruzwa hamwe nigiciro cyibintu byinshi byuzuza ogisijeni (kuzuza).
Muri iyi nyandiko, duhereye ku miterere ya EVA, kumenyekanisha ikoreshwa ryayo mu nganda n’iterambere ryiterambere.
2. Imiterere yimiterere
Mugihe utanga synthesis, guhindura igipimo cya dogere polymerisation n / m irashobora gutanga VA kuva kuri 5 kugeza kuri 90% ya EVA; kongera impamyabumenyi ya polymerisation yose irashobora gutanga uburemere bwa molekile kuva ku bihumbi mirongo kugeza ku bihumbi magana ya EVA; VA ibirimo munsi ya 40%, bitewe no kuba hari kristalisation igice, elastique idahwitse, ikunze kwitwa plastike ya EVA; iyo ibirimo VA birenze 40%, reberi imeze nka elastomer idafite kristu, ikunze kwitwa reberi ya EVM.
1. 2 Ibyiza
Urunigi rwa molekuline ya EVA ni umurongo wuzuye wuzuye, bityo ufite gusaza neza ubushyuhe, ikirere hamwe no kurwanya ozone.
Inzira ya molekile ya EVA ntabwo ikubiyemo imigozi ibiri, impeta ya benzene, acyl, amine amatsinda nandi matsinda byoroshye kunywa itabi iyo yaka, iminyururu yo kuruhande nayo ntabwo irimo kunywa itabi byoroshye iyo utwitse methyl, fenyl, cyano nandi matsinda. Byongeye kandi, molekile ubwayo ntabwo irimo ibintu bya halogene, bityo rero irakwiriye cyane cyane umwotsi muke wa halogene utarinze kwangirika.
Ingano nini yitsinda rya vinyl acetate (VA) mumurongo wuruhande rwa EVA hamwe na polarite yayo yo hagati bivuze ko byombi bibuza imyumvire yumugongo wa vinyl gutobora no gushyingiranwa neza hamwe nuwuzuza amabuye y'agaciro, ibyo bikaba bituma habaho ibicanwa bikora neza. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kumyotsi mike hamwe na halogen idafite imbaraga, kuko retardants ya flame ifite ibice birenga 50% [urugero: Al (OH) 3, Mg (OH) 2, nibindi] bigomba kongerwaho kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa nibipimo bya kabili kubirinda umuriro. EVA ifite ibiciriritse kugeza murwego rwo hejuru VA ikoreshwa nkibanze kugirango itange umwotsi muke hamwe na halogen idafite flame retardant lisansi ifite ibintu byiza cyane.
Nkuko itsinda rya EVA urunigi rwa vinyl acetate (VA) ari polar, uko VA iri hejuru, niko polar nini ya polymer niko irwanya amavuta. Kurwanya amavuta asabwa ninganda zikoresha insinga ahanini bivuga ubushobozi bwo guhangana namavuta yubutare butari inkingi cyangwa polar. Ukurikije ihame ryo guhuza ibintu bisa, EVA ifite ibintu byinshi bya VA ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango habeho umwotsi muke na barrière ya peteroli idafite ingufu hamwe n’amavuta meza.
Molekules ya EVA mubikorwa bya alpha-olefin H ikora cyane, muri radicals ya peroxide cyangwa ingufu za electron-imirasire yingufu biroroshye gufata H ihuza reaction, ihinduka plastike cyangwa reberi ihujwe, irashobora gukorwa isaba imikorere isabwa y'insinga zidasanzwe n'ibikoresho by'insinga.
Kwiyongera kwitsinda rya vinyl acetate bituma ubushyuhe bwashonga bwa EVA bugabanuka cyane, kandi umubare wiminyururu ngufi ya VA urashobora gutuma umuvuduko wa EVA wiyongera. Kubwibyo, imikorere yacyo yo gusohora ni nziza cyane kuruta imiterere ya molekuline isa na polyethylene isa, ihinduka ibikoresho fatizo byibikoresho byo gukingira igice kimwe na halogen na halogen idafite inzitizi.
Ibyiza byibicuruzwa
2. 1 Imikorere ihenze cyane
Imiterere ya EVA yumubiri nubukanishi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya ozone, amashanyarazi nibyiza cyane. Hitamo urwego rukwiye, rushobora gukorwa kurwanya ubushyuhe, imikorere ya flame retardant, ariko kandi amavuta, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya kabili.
Ibikoresho bya Thermoplastique EVA bikoreshwa cyane hamwe nibirimo VA bingana na 15% kugeza 46%, hamwe nigipimo cyo gushonga cya 0. 5 kugeza 4. EVA ifite abayikora benshi, ibirango byinshi, ubwoko butandukanye bwamahitamo, ibiciro bitagereranywa, itangwa rihagije, abayikoresha bakeneye gusa gufungura igice cya EVA cyurubuga, ikirango, imikorere, igiciro, aho utangiriye urebye, urashobora guhitamo, cyane byoroshye.
EVA ni polymer ya polyolefin, uhereye kubworoshye no gukoresha igereranya ryimikorere, kandi ibikoresho bya polyethylene (PE) nibikoresho byoroshye bya polyvinyl chloride (PVC) birasa. Ariko ubundi bushakashatsi, uzasangamo EVA nubwoko bubiri bwibintu byavuzwe haruguru ugereranije nubusumbane budasubirwaho.
2. Imikorere myiza yo gutunganya
EVA mubikoresho bya kabili biva mubikoresho biciriritse kandi birebire bya voltage ikingira ibikoresho imbere no hanze yintangiriro, hanyuma bigera kuri barrière ya peteroli idafite ingufu. Ubu bwoko bubiri bwibikoresho bivuye muburyo bwo gutunganya bifatwa nk "ibikoresho byuzuye cyane": ibikoresho byo gukingira kubera gukenera kongeramo umubare munini wumukara wa karubone kandi bigatuma ubwiza bwayo bwiyongera, ubwinshi bwaragabanutse cyane; lisansi ya halogene idafite amavuta ikenera kongeramo umubare munini wa halogen idafite flame retardants, nayo ya halogene idafite ibikoresho bya viscosity byiyongereye cyane, ubwinshi bwaragabanutse cyane. Igisubizo nugushakisha polymer ishobora kwakira dosiye nini yuzuza, ariko ikagira nubwiza buke bwo gushonga hamwe namazi meza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, EVA niyo ihitamo.
EVA yashonga ibishishwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa hamwe nigipimo cyogosha bizongera kugabanuka byihuse, uyikoresha akeneye gusa guhindura ubushyuhe bwa extruder numuvuduko wa screw, urashobora gukora imikorere myiza yibikoresho byinsinga ninsinga. Umubare munini wibikorwa byo murugo no mumahanga byerekana ko, kubintu byuzuye byuzuye umwotsi muke wa halogene, kubera ko ubukonje ari bunini cyane, indangagaciro yo gushonga ni nto cyane, gusa rero gukoresha ikoreshwa rya compression nkeya (igipimo cyo kwikuramo kiri munsi ya 1. 3) gusohora, kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwiza. Ibikoresho bya EVM bishingiye kuri reberi hamwe nibikoresho byogutwara ibintu birashobora gukururwa haba kuri reberi hamwe na rusange. Inzira ikurikiraho (guhuza-guhuza) inzira irashobora gukorwa haba hamwe na thermochemical (peroxide) ihuza cyangwa na electron yihuta ya irrasiyoya ihuza.
2. 3 Biroroshye guhindura no kumenyera
Intsinga ninsinga birahari hose, kuva mwijuru kugera kubutaka, kuva kumusozi kugera ku nyanja. Abakoresha insinga nibisabwa nabo baratandukanye kandi biratangaje, mugihe imiterere yinsinga numuyoboro bisa, itandukaniro ryimikorere ryayo rigaragarira cyane cyane mubikoresho byo gutwikira no gukata.
Kugeza ubu, haba mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo, PVC yoroshye iracyafite umubare munini wibikoresho bya polymer bikoreshwa mu nganda. Ariko, hamwe no kurushaho gukangurira kurengera ibidukikije niterambere rirambye.
Ibikoresho bya PVC byarabujijwe cyane, abahanga bakora ibishoboka byose kugirango babone ubundi buryo bwa PVC, ibyiringiro cyane muri byo ni EVA.
EVA irashobora kuvangwa na polymers zitandukanye, ariko kandi hamwe nifu ya minerval itandukanye hamwe nibikoresho bifasha gutunganya, ibicuruzwa bivanze birashobora gukorwa muri plastiki ya termoplastique ya insinga za pulasitike, ariko kandi ikanashyirwa mubisumizi bihuza insinga za reberi. Abashushanya ibintu bashobora gushingira kubakoresha (cyangwa bisanzwe) ibisabwa, EVA nkibikoresho fatizo, kugirango imikorere yibikoresho ihuze ibisabwa.
Urutonde rwa porogaramu ya EVA
3. 1 Ikoreshwa nkigice cya kabiri cyogukingira ibikoresho byinsinga z'amashanyarazi menshi
Nkuko twese tubizi, ibikoresho byingenzi byibikoresho byo gukingira ni karubone yumukara wa karubone, mubikoresho bya plastiki cyangwa reberi kugirango wongere umubare munini wumukara wa karubone bizangiza cyane amazi yibikoresho bikingira hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gusohora. Kugirango wirinde gusohora igice mumashanyarazi menshi, ingabo zimbere ninyuma zigomba kuba zoroshye, zirabagirana, zisa kandi zisa. Ugereranije nizindi polymers, EVA irashobora gukora ibi byoroshye. Impamvu yabyo nuko inzira yo gukuramo EVA ari nziza cyane, itemba neza, kandi ntabwo ikunda gushonga ibintu. Ibikoresho byo gukingira bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: bipfunyitse mu kiyobora hanze bita ingabo y'imbere - hamwe n'ibikoresho by'imbere; kuzingiye muri insulasiyo hanze yitwa ingabo yo hanze - hamwe nibikoresho byo hanze; Ibikoresho byimbere byimbere ni thermoplastique Ibikoresho byimbere byimbere ni thermoplastique kandi akenshi bishingiye kuri EVA ifite VA irimo 18% kugeza 28%; ibikoresho byo hanze byerekana ahanini bihujwe kandi byoroshye kandi akenshi bishingiye kuri EVA ifite VA ya 40% kugeza 46%.
3. 2 Ibicanwa bya Thermoplastique kandi bihujwe na flame retardant lisansi
Thermoplastique flame retardant polyolefin ikoreshwa cyane munganda zikoresha insinga, cyane cyane kubisabwa na halogene cyangwa halogen idafite insinga zo mu nyanja, insinga z'amashanyarazi n'imirongo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwo gukora buri hagati ya 70 na 90 ° C.
Kumugozi w'amashanyarazi uringaniye kandi mwinshi wa 10 kV no hejuru, zifite ingufu nyinshi zisabwa mumashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya flame retardant bitwarwa cyane nicyatsi cyo hanze. Mu nyubako cyangwa imishinga isaba ibidukikije, insinga zirasabwa kugira umwotsi muke, nta halogene, uburozi buke cyangwa umwotsi muke hamwe na halogene nkeya, bityo rero firomeoplastique flame retardant polyolefine nigisubizo gifatika.
Kubwimpamvu zimwe zidasanzwe, diameter yo hanze ntabwo ari nini, irwanya ubushyuhe muri 105 ~ 150 ℃ hagati yumugozi udasanzwe, ibintu byinshi bihuza flame retardant polyolefin, guhuza kwayo birashobora gutorwa nuwabikoze akurikije uko umusaruro wabo ubyara. , byombi gakondo yumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwogeramo umunyu, ariko kandi haboneka electron yihuta yicyumba ubushyuhe bwumuriro irradiyo ihuza inzira. Ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwakazi bugabanijemo amadosiye 105 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, uruganda rutanga umusaruro rushobora gukorwa ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye kubakoresha cyangwa ibipimo, nta halogene cyangwa halogen irimo inzitizi ya peteroli.
Birazwi neza ko polyolefine itari polar cyangwa intege nke za polar polymers. Nkuko bisa namavuta yubutare muri polarite, polyolefine ifatwa nkidashobora kurwanya amavuta ukurikije ihame ryo guhuza. Nyamara, amahame menshi ya kabili mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga nayo ateganya ko guhangana kwambukiranya imipaka bigomba no guhangana neza namavuta, umusemburo ndetse no kumavuta, acide na alkalis. Iki nikibazo kubashakashatsi kubintu, ubu, haba mubushinwa cyangwa mumahanga, ibyo bikoresho bisaba byatejwe imbere, kandi ibikoresho shingiro ni EVA.
3. Ibikoresho bya Oxygene
Intsinga zitsindagiye zifite insinga nyinshi zifite icyuho kinini hagati yingingo zigomba kuzuzwa kugirango harebwe umugozi uzengurutse, niba kuzuza mu cyuma cyo hanze bikozwe na barrière ya peteroli idafite ingufu. Uru rupapuro rwuzuza rukora nka bariyeri yumuriro (ogisijeni) mugihe insinga yaka bityo ikaba izwi nka "inzitizi ya ogisijeni" mu nganda.
Ibisabwa byibanze kubikoresho bya ogisijeni ni: ibintu byiza byo gusohora, ibintu byiza bya halogene bitagira umuriro (indangagaciro ya ogisijeni isanzwe iri hejuru ya 40) nigiciro gito.
Iyi bariyeri ya ogisijeni yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zikoresha insinga mu myaka irenga icumi kandi yatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi mu gucana umuriro kwinsinga. Inzitizi ya ogisijeni irashobora gukoreshwa ku nsinga zombi za halogene zitagira flame-retardant ndetse ninsinga za halogene zitagira umuriro (urugero PVC). Umubare munini wimyitozo werekanye ko insinga zifite inzitizi ya ogisijeni zishobora gutsinda ibizamini byo gutwika bihagaritse hamwe no gutwika bundle.
Urebye uko ibintu byifashe, ibi bikoresho bya ogisijeni mubyukuri ni "ultra-high filler", kubera ko kugirango byuzuze igiciro gito, ni ngombwa gukoresha icyuzuzo kinini, kugirango ugere kuri ogisijeni ndende igomba no kongeramo igice kinini (Inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3) za Mg (OH) 2 cyangwa Al (OH) 3, no gukuramo ibyiza kandi ugomba guhitamo EVA nkibikoresho fatizo.
3. 4 Yahinduwe ibikoresho byo gukata PE
Ibikoresho byo gukata polyethylene bikunda guhura nibibazo bibiri: icya mbere, bikunze gushonga kumeneka (ni ukuvuga uruhu rwa sharks) mugihe cyo gukuramo; icya kabiri, bakunze guhura nibidukikije. Igisubizo cyoroshye nukwongeramo igipimo runaka cya EVA muburyo bwo gukora. ikoreshwa nka EVA yahinduwe ahanini ikoresha ibintu bike bya VA murwego, igipimo cyayo cyo gushonga kugeza hagati ya 1 kugeza 2 birakwiye.
4. Amahirwe y'iterambere
(1) EVA yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zikoresha insinga, umubare wumwaka mukuzamuka gahoro gahoro. By'umwihariko mu myaka icumi ishize, kubera akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije, kurwanya peteroli ishingiye kuri EVA byateye imbere byihuse, kandi byasimbuye igice cya kabili gishingiye kuri PVC. Igiciro cyacyo cyiza nigikorwa cyiza cyo gukuramo ibintu biragoye gusimbuza ibindi bikoresho.
. gusa muri toni ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya EVA bigarukira hejuru, bityo ntibizaba inganda zikomeye za EVA. Kurugero, umubare munini wibikoresho bya halogen-flame retardant base base, ihitamo nyamukuru rya VA / MI = 28/2 ~ 3 bya EVA resin (nka EVA 265 # yo muri Amerika DuPont #). Kandi iki cyiciro cyihariye cya EVA kugeza ubu ntabakora uruganda rwo gukora no gutanga. Tutibagiwe nibirimo VA birenze 28, kandi gushonga indangagaciro iri munsi ya 3 mubindi bicuruzwa bya EVA resin nibitangwa.
. birenga 50% bya VA biri mubikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa reberi yo mu bwoko bwa EVM, ni isosiyete yo mu mahanga yiganjemo, kandi igiciro gisa na VA kiri mu kirango inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3. Ibiciro nkibi, na byo, bigira ingaruka no ku bwinshi bwubwoko bwa reberi ya EVM, bityo inganda zikoresha insinga zirahamagarira abakora uruganda rwa EVA mu gihugu, kuzamura umuvuduko w’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu wa EVA. Umusaruro mwinshi winganda wakoreshejwe cyane muri resin ya EVA.
. Imikoreshereze ya EVA iriyongera ku gipimo cya 15% ku mwaka kandi icyerekezo kiratanga ikizere. Ingano nigipimo cyubwiyongere bwibikoresho bikingira hamwe nu mashanyarazi aringaniye n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko, hafi 8% kugeza 10% hagati; kurwanya polyolefin biriyongera cyane, mumyaka yashize byagumye kuri 15% kugeza kuri 20% hagati, kandi mubiteganijwe mumyaka 5 kugeza 10 iri imbere, birashobora kandi gukomeza umuvuduko wubwiyongere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-31-2022