Ibikoresho bya polyolefin, bizwiho kuba byiza cyane byamashanyarazi, gutunganya, hamwe n’ibidukikije, byabaye kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu kubika insinga n’ibyuma mu nganda n’insinga.
Polyolefine ni polimeri-ifite uburemere buke bwa polymers ikomatanyirizwa muri olefin monomers nka Ethylene, propylene, na butene. Zikoreshwa cyane mumigozi, gupakira, kubaka, amamodoka, ninganda zubuvuzi.
Mu gukora insinga, ibikoresho bya polyolefin bitanga dielectric ihoraho, irinda cyane, hamwe n’imiti idasanzwe irwanya imiti, bigatuma umutekano uhoraho n’umutekano. Ibiranga halogene kandi bidasubirwaho nabyo birahuza nuburyo bugezweho mubikorwa byicyatsi kandi kirambye.
I. Ibyiciro byubwoko bwa Monomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE) ni resimoplastique resin polymerisime ikomoka kuri monomers ya Ethylene kandi ni imwe muri plastiki zikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Ukurikije ubucucike n'imiterere ya molekile, igabanijwemo ubwoko bwa LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, na XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene (LDPE)
Imiterere: Yakozwe numuvuduko ukabije wubusa-radical polymerisation; irimo iminyururu myinshi ishami, hamwe na kristu ya 55-65% nubucucike bwa 0,91–0.93 g / cm³.
Ibyiza: Byoroshye, bisobanutse, kandi birwanya ingaruka ariko bifite ubushyuhe buringaniye (kugeza kuri 80 ° C).
Porogaramu: Bikunze gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gutumanaho hamwe ninsinga zerekana ibimenyetso, kuringaniza ibintu byoroshye.
(2) Umuvuduko mwinshi wa Polyethylene (HDPE)
Imiterere: Polymerized munsi yumuvuduko muke hamwe na catalizike ya Ziegler - Natta; ifite amashami make cyangwa ntayo, kristu yo hejuru (80-95%), n'ubucucike bwa 0,94–0,96 g / cm³.
Ibyiza: Imbaraga nyinshi nubukomezi, imiti itajegajega, ariko byagabanutseho gato ubushyuhe buke.
Ibisabwa: Byakoreshejwe cyane muburyo bwo kubika, imiyoboro y'itumanaho, hamwe na fibre optique ya kabili, itanga ikirere cyiza hamwe nuburinzi bwa mashini, cyane cyane kubishyira hanze cyangwa munsi yubutaka.
(3) Umurongo muto-Ubucucike bwa Polyethylene (LLDPE)
Imiterere: Gukoporora muri Ethylene na α-olefin, hamwe nishami ritoyi; ubucucike buri hagati ya 0.915–0.925 g / cm³.
Ibyiza: Ihuza guhinduka nimbaraga nimbaraga nziza zo guhangana.
Porogaramu: Bikwiranye nibikoresho byogosha no kubika insinga mumashanyarazi mato mato na hagati ya voltage na insinga zo kugenzura, kongera ingaruka no kunama.
(4)Polyethylene ihuza (XLPE)
Imiterere: Umuyoboro wibice bitatu byakozwe binyuze mumiti cyangwa umubiri (silane, peroxide, cyangwa electron-beam).
Ibyiza: Kurwanya ubushyuhe budasanzwe, imbaraga zumukanishi, kubika amashanyarazi, hamwe nikirere.
Ibisabwa: Byakoreshejwe cyane mumashanyarazi yo hagati na nini ya voltage nini, insinga nshya zingufu, hamwe nibikoresho byogukoresha amamodoka - ibikoresho byingenzi byokwirinda mumashanyarazi ya kijyambere.
2. Polypropilene (PP)
Polypropilene (PP), yakozwe na polimeri ikomoka kuri propylene, ifite ubucucike bwa 0.89–0,92 g / cm³, aho gushonga kwa 164–176 ° C, n'ubushyuhe bwo gukora buri hagati ya 30 ° C na 140 ° C.
Ibyiza: Imbaraga zoroheje, imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, imiti irwanya imiti, hamwe n’amashanyarazi arenze.
Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nka halogen-idafite ibikoresho byo kubika insinga. Hamwe nogushimangira kurengera ibidukikije, guhuza polipropilene (XLPP) hamwe na copolymer PP byahinduwe bigenda bisimbuza polyethylene gakondo mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuyoboro mwinshi w’amashanyarazi, nka gari ya moshi, ingufu z’umuyaga, n’insinga z’imashanyarazi.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
Polybutylene irimo Poly (1-butene) (PB-1) na Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Ibyiza: Kurwanya ubushyuhe buhebuje, gutuza imiti, no kurwanya ibinyabuzima.
Ibisabwa: PB-1 ikoreshwa mu miyoboro, muri firime, no mu gupakira, mu gihe PIB ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora insinga nka gel ikumira amazi, kashe, hamwe no kuzuza ibice bitewe na gaze ya gaze hamwe n’ubusembure bwa chimique - bikunze gukoreshwa mu nsinga za fibre optique yo gufunga no kurinda ubushuhe.
II. Ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe bya polyolefin
(1) Ethylene - Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
EVA ikomatanya Ethylene na vinyl acetate, igaragaramo guhinduka no kurwanya ubukonje (ikomeza guhinduka kuri 50 ° C).
Ibyiza: Byoroshye, birwanya ingaruka, bidafite uburozi, kandi birinda gusaza.
Porogaramu: Mu nsinga, EVA ikoreshwa kenshi muguhindura ibintu byoroshye cyangwa gutwara ibintu mu buryo bworoshye bwa Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), bigateza imbere itunganywa ryoguhindura ibidukikije hamwe nibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije.
(2) Ultra-High-Molecular-Uburemere Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Hamwe n'uburemere bwa molekile irenga miliyoni 1.5, UHMWPE ni plastiki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Ibyiza: Kurwanya kwambara cyane muri plastiki, imbaraga zingaruka zikubye inshuro eshanu kurenza ABS, imiti irwanya imiti, hamwe no kwinjiza neza.
Ibisabwa: Byakoreshejwe mumigozi ya optique hamwe ninsinga zidasanzwe nkimyenda yambara cyane cyangwa gutwikisha ibintu byingutu, byongera imbaraga zo kwangirika kwangirika no gukuramo.
III. Umwanzuro
Ibikoresho bya polyolefin nta halogene, umwotsi muke, kandi ntabwo ari uburozi iyo byatwitse. Zitanga amashanyarazi meza, ubukanishi, no gutunganya neza, kandi imikorere yazo irashobora kurushaho kunozwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhuza, kuvanga, no guhuza ikoranabuhanga.
Hamwe noguhuza umutekano, kubungabunga ibidukikije, nibikorwa byizewe, ibikoresho bya polyolefin byahindutse sisitemu yibanze yibikoresho bigezweho munganda zinsinga. Urebye imbere, nkuko imirenge nkibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, Photovoltaque, hamwe n’itumanaho ryamakuru bikomeje kwiyongera, guhanga udushya muri porogaramu za polyolefin bizarushaho guteza imbere imikorere myiza kandi irambye y’inganda zikoresha insinga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-17-2025