Mugihe cyo gukora insinga za optique nu mashanyarazi, ikintu cyingenzi kiganisha ku kwangirika kwimikorere ni ukwinjira mubushuhe. Niba amazi yinjiye mumugozi wa optique, irashobora kongera fibre attenuation; niba yinjiye mumashanyarazi, irashobora kugabanya imikorere ya insulasiyo, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yayo. Kubwibyo, ibice bifunga amazi, nkibikoresho bifata amazi, byateguwe mugikorwa cyo gukora insinga za optique n’amashanyarazi kugirango hirindwe ubuhehere cyangwa amazi, byinjira mumutekano muke.
Ubwoko bwibanze bwibikoresho bikurura amazi harimo ifu ikurura amazi,kaseti ifunga amazi, umugozi uhagarika amazi, hamwe no kubyimba ubwoko bwamavuta yo guhagarika amazi, nibindi. Bitewe nurubuga rusaba, ubwoko bumwe bwibikoresho bifunga amazi birashobora gukoreshwa, cyangwa ubwoko butandukanye bushobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe kugirango harebwe imikorere yamazi adafite amazi.
Hamwe nogukoresha byihuse tekinoroji ya 5G, ikoreshwa ryinsinga za optique riragenda ryamamara, kandi kubisabwa biragenda bikomera. By'umwihariko hamwe no gushyiraho ibisabwa byo kurengera icyatsi n’ibidukikije, insinga zumye zumye zuzuye neza nisoko. Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga insinga za optique zumye rwose ni uko zidakoresha amavuta yuzuye yo guhagarika amazi cyangwa amavuta yo guhagarika amazi. Ahubwo, kaseti ifunga amazi hamwe na fibre yo guhagarika amazi bikoreshwa muguhagarika amazi mugice cyose cyambukiranya umugozi.
Gukoresha kaseti ifunga amazi mumigozi ninsinga za optique birasanzwe, kandi hariho ibitabo byinshi byubushakashatsi kuri yo. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari ubushakashatsi buke buvugwa ku budodo bwo guhagarika amazi, cyane cyane ku bikoresho bifunga amazi bifata ibintu byiza cyane. Bitewe no kwishyura byoroshye mugihe cyo gukora insinga za optique nu mashanyarazi no gutunganya byoroshye, ibikoresho bya fibre super fibre ni byo bintu bifunga amazi mu gukora insinga n’insinga za optique, cyane cyane insinga zumye.
Gushyira mu bikorwa amashanyarazi
Hamwe no gukomeza gushimangira ibikorwa remezo by’Ubushinwa, icyifuzo cy’insinga z'amashanyarazi zitera inkunga imishinga y'amashanyarazi gikomeje kwiyongera. Ubusanzwe insinga zishyirwaho no gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye, mu miyoboro ya kabili, tunel, cyangwa uburyo bwo hejuru. Ntabwo byanze bikunze biri ahantu h'ubushuhe cyangwa mu buryo butaziguye n’amazi, ndetse birashobora no kwibizwa mu mazi igihe gito cyangwa kirekire, bigatuma amazi yinjira buhoro buhoro imbere. Mubikorwa byumurima wamashanyarazi, ibiti bisa nkibiti birashobora gushingwa murwego rwabayobora, ibintu bizwi nko gutera amazi. Iyo ibiti byamazi bimaze gukura kurwego runaka, bizatuma habaho gusenyuka kwizuba. Gutera amazi ubu bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nkimwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zitera gusaza. Kunoza umutekano no kwizerwa bya sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi, igishushanyo mbonera n’inganda bigomba gufata ingamba zo guhagarika amazi cyangwa ingamba zo kwirinda amazi kugirango umugozi ugire imikorere myiza yo guhagarika amazi.
Inzira zinjira mumazi mumigozi zirashobora kugabanywamo muburyo bubiri: kwinjirira mumirasire (cyangwa guhinduranya) binyuze mumashuka, hamwe no kwinjira (cyangwa axial) kwinjirira kumuyoboro nuyoboro wa kabili. Kuburizamo amazi ya radiyo (transvers), icyatsi cyuzuye cyo guhagarika amazi, nka aluminium-plastike ikomatanya kaseti yafashwe igihe kirekire hanyuma igashyirwa hamwe na polyethylene, ikoreshwa kenshi. Niba bikenewe guhagarika amazi ya radiyo yuzuye, ibyuma byubatswe byemewe. Ku nsinga zikoreshwa cyane, kurinda amazi byibanda cyane cyane kumazi maremare (axial).
Mugihe hateguwe insinga ya kabili, ingamba zidafite amazi zigomba kuzirikana guhangana n’amazi mu cyerekezo kirekire (cyangwa axial) cyerekezo cyuyobora, kurwanya amazi hanze y’urugero, hamwe n’amazi arwanya imiterere yose. Uburyo rusange kubayobora amazi ni ukuzuza ibikoresho bifunga amazi imbere no hejuru yuyobora. Ku nsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zifite imiyoboro igabanijwemo imirenge, umugozi uhagarika amazi urasabwa gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bifunga amazi hagati, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Mugushira umugozi uhagarika amazi cyangwa imigozi ifunga amazi ikozwe mubudodo bwo guhagarika amazi mumwanya uri hagati yibice bitandukanye bigize umugozi, imiyoboro y'amazi yatemba yerekeza kumurongo wa axe ya kabili irashobora guhagarikwa kugirango ibisabwa birebire byuzuze amazi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibisanzwe byuzuye-umugozi uhagarika amazi byerekanwe mubishusho 2.
Muburyo bwa kabili twavuze haruguru, ibikoresho bya fibre bifata amazi bikoreshwa nkigice kibuza amazi. Uburyo bushingiye kumubare munini wa super absorbent resin igaragara hejuru yibikoresho bya fibre. Iyo uhuye n’amazi, resin yaguka byihuse kugeza 几十 kugeza 几十 inshuro yubunini bwayo bwambere, ikora igifunga gifunga amazi gifunze kumuzenguruko wambukiranya igice cya kabili, guhagarika imiyoboro yinjira mumazi, no guhagarika ikwirakwizwa no kwaguka kwamazi cyangwa imyuka y'amazi mubyerekezo birebire, bityo bikarinda neza umugozi.
Porogaramu mu nsinga nziza
Imikorere ya optique yohereza, imikorere yubukanishi, hamwe nibidukikije byinsinga za optique nibisabwa byibanze bya sisitemu yitumanaho. Igipimo kimwe cyo kwemeza ubuzima bwa serivisi ya kabili optique ni ukurinda amazi kwinjira muri fibre optique mugihe ikora, byatera igihombo cyinshi (ni ukuvuga gutakaza hydrogen). Kwinjira kwamazi bigira ingaruka kumpera yumucyo wa fibre optique muburebure bwumuraba kuva kuri 1,3 mm kugeza kuri 1.60 mm, bigatuma gutakaza fibre optique. Uyu mugozi wumurongo utwikiriye hafi ya Windows yohereza ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutumanaho ya optique. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cyamazi gihinduka ikintu cyingenzi mubwubatsi bwa optique.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhagarika amazi mumigozi ya optique igabanyijemo igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhagarika amazi hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyo guhagarika amazi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhagarika amazi gikoresha uburyo bwuzuye bwo guhagarika amazi, ni ukuvuga, imiterere ifite aluminiyumu-plastiki cyangwa ibyuma bya pulasitiki igizwe na kaseti ya kaseti igihe kirekire hanyuma igashyirwa hamwe na polyethylene. Icyarimwe, umuyoboro udakabije wakozwe mubikoresho bya polymer nka PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese byongewe hanze ya fibre optique. Muburyo burebure bwamazi adafite amazi, ikoreshwa ryibice byinshi byibikoresho bifunga amazi bifatwa kuri buri gice cyimiterere. Ibikoresho bifunga amazi imbere yumuyoboro urekuye (cyangwa mu mwobo w’umugozi wo mu bwoko bwa skeleton) uhindurwa uva mu kuzuza amavuta yo guhagarika amazi ahinduka ibikoresho bya fibre bikurura amazi kuri tube. Umugozi umwe cyangwa ibiri yintambara yo guhagarika amazi ashyirwa kumurongo ugereranije ningingo ya kabili ikomeza kugirango wirinde imyuka yo mumazi itinjira mugihe kirekire hamwe numunyamuryango wimbaraga. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, fibre yo guhagarika amazi irashobora kandi gushyirwa mu cyuho kiri hagati yigituba cyiziritse kugira ngo umugozi wa optique utsinde ibizamini byinjira mumazi. Imiterere yumugozi wumye wa optique yumye akenshi ikoresha ubwoko butandukanye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2025