Imiterere y'insinga isa n'aho yoroshye, mu by'ukuri, buri gice cyayo gifite intego yacyo y'ingenzi, bityo buri gikoresho kigomba gutoranywa neza mu gihe cyo gukora insinga, kugira ngo insinga ikozwe muri ibyo bikoresho ikomeze kuba iy'ukuri mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha.
1. Ibikoresho by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Mu mateka, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu gukora insinga z'amashanyarazi byari umuringa na aluminiyumu. Sodiyumu nayo yageragejwe igihe gito. Umuringa na aluminiyumu bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi neza, kandi ingano y'umuringa iba ntoya iyo yohereza umuriro umwe, bityo umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuringa ni muto ugereranije n'uw'umuringa wa aluminiyumu. Igiciro cya aluminiyumu kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n'umuringa. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ubucucike bw'umuringa ari bunini ugereranyije n'ubw'aluminium, nubwo ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro bwaba bumwe, igice cya mwamba cy'umuringa wa aluminiyumu ni kinini ugereranyije n'ubw'umuringa, ariko insinga ya aluminiyumu iracyari yoroshye ugereranyije n'insinga ya umuringa.
2. Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubwiza
Hari ibikoresho byinshi bikingira insinga z'amashanyarazi za MV zishobora gukoresha, ndetse harimo n'ibikoresho bikingira impapuro byakuze mu ikoranabuhanga, byakoreshejwe neza mu myaka irenga 100. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bikingira polymer byakuweho byemerwa cyane. Ibikoresho bikingira polymer byakuweho birimo PE (LDPE na HDPE), XLPE, WTR-XLPE na EPR. Ibi bikoresho ni thermoplastic ndetse na thermosetting. Ibikoresho bivura thermoplastic birahinduka iyo bishyushye, mu gihe ibikoresho bivura thermoset bigumana imiterere yabyo ku bushyuhe bukoreshwa.
2.1. Gukingira impapuro
Mu ntangiriro z'imikorere yazo, insinga zishyirwa mu mpapuro zitwara umutwaro muto gusa kandi zifatwa neza. Ariko, abakoresha ingufu bakomeje gutuma insinga zitwara umutwaro mwinshi, imiterere y'umwimerere yo gukoreshwa ntabwo ijyanye n'ibyo insinga zikenera, icyo gihe uburambe bwiza bw'umwimerere ntibushobora kwerekana ko insinga zigomba kuba nziza mu gihe kizaza. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, insinga zishyirwa mu mpapuro zikoreshwa gake cyane.
2.2.PVC
PVC iracyakoreshwa nk'ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe ku nsinga za 1kV zifite voltage nkeya kandi ni ibikoresho byo gupfuka. Ariko, ikoreshwa rya PVC mu gupfuka insinga ririmo gusimburwa vuba na XLPE, kandi ikoreshwa mu gupfuka insinga ririmo gusimburwa vuba na polyethylene ifite ubucucike buciriritse (LLDPE), polyethylene ifite ubucucike buciriritse (MDPE) cyangwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE), kandi insinga zitari PVC zifite ikiguzi gito cy'ubuzima.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene yo mu bwoko bwa Low density (LDPE) yakozwe mu myaka ya 1930, ubu ikoreshwa nk'ishingiro rya resin ya polyethylene ifatanye (XLPE) na polyethylene ifatanye n'ibiti idapfa amazi (WTR-XLPE). Mu gihe cya thermoplastic, ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa polyethylene ni 75 ° C, ari nabwo buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere bw'insinga zifata impapuro (80 ~ 90 ° C). Iki kibazo cyakemutse ubwo habonekaga polyethylene ifatanye n'izindi (XLPE), ishobora kugera cyangwa kurenza ubushyuhe bw'imikorere bw'insinga zifata impapuro.
2.4.Polyethylene ifatanye n'ibindi (XLPE)
XLPE ni ibikoresho byo kuvugurura ikirere byakozwe mu kuvanga polyethylene yo mu bwoko bwa low-density (LDPE) n'ikintu gihuza (nk'umuti wa peroxide).
Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukoresha umuyoboro wa XLPE ushyushye ni 90 ° C, ikizamini cyo gupima umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kigera kuri 140 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwa "short-circuit" bushobora kugera kuri 250 ° C. XLPE ifite imiterere myiza ya dielectric kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu rugero rwa voltage ruri hagati ya 600V na 500kV.
2.5. Igiti kidapfa amazi cya poliyetinamu ifatanye (WTR-XLPE)
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibiti by'amazi buzagabanya igihe cy'imikorere ya XLPE. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya gukura kw'ibiti by'amazi, ariko bumwe mu buryo buzwi cyane ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gukingira ibiti by'amazi, byitwa polyethylene WTR-XLPE, ibiti bidashobora gukura bitewe n'amazi.
2.6. Umupira wa ethylene propylene (EPR)
EPR ni ibikoresho byo kuvugurura ikirere bikozwe muri ethylene, propylene (rimwe na rimwe iba monomer ya gatatu), kandi copolymer ya monomer eshatu yitwa ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, EPR ihora yoroshye kandi ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa corona. Ariko, igihombo cya dielectric cy'ibikoresho bya EPR kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'icya XLPE na WTR-XLPE.
3. Uburyo bwo gukingira ibyuma bivangwa n'ubushyuhe
Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu bushingira kuri polymer ikoreshwa. Gukora polymer zifatanye bitangirira kuri polymer ya matrix hanyuma hakongerwamo ibintu bihamye n'ibihuza kugira ngo bibe uruvange. Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu butanga ingingo nyinshi zo guhuza imiterere ya molekile. Iyo imaze guhuza ibintu, uruhererekane rwa molekile ya polymer rukomeza kuba ruto, ariko ntirushobora gucibwa burundu mu buryo bw'amazi ashongeshejwe.
4. Ibikoresho byo kurinda no gukingira icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi
Urupapuro rw'uburinzi rukoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza umuriro rushyirwa ku buso bw'inyuma bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'uburinzi kugira ngo ruhuze amashanyarazi kandi rushyiremo amashanyarazi mu gice cy'imbere cy'insinga. Iki gikoresho kirimo ibikoresho by'umukara wa karuboni kugira ngo urwego rw'uburinzi rw'insinga rugere ku burinzi buhamye mu rugero rusabwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 12 Mata 2024