Icyuma cya kabili (kizwi kandi nk'icyuma cyo hanze cyangwa icyatsi) ni urwego rwo hejuru rw'umugozi, umugozi wa optique, cyangwa insinga, nk'inzitizi ikomeye mu mugozi kurinda umutekano w'imbere mu gihugu, kurinda umugozi ubushyuhe bwo hanze, ubukonje, amazi, ultraviolet, ozone, cyangwa imiti yangiza na mashini mugihe na nyuma yo kuyishyiraho. Gukata insinga ntabwo bigamije gusimbuza imbaraga imbere yumugozi, ariko birashobora no gutanga urwego rwo hejuru rwuburinzi buke. Byongeye kandi, umugozi wumugozi urashobora kandi gukosora imiterere nuburyo bwumuyoboro uhagaze, kimwe nigice cyo gukingira (niba gihari), bityo bikagabanya kwivanga kwumurongo wa elegitoroniki ya electronique (EMC). Ibi nibyingenzi kugirango habeho guhererekanya imbaraga, ibimenyetso, cyangwa amakuru muri kabili cyangwa insinga. Sheathing nayo igira uruhare runini mugukomeza insinga za optique hamwe ninsinga.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bya kabili, ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa ni -guhuza polyethylene (XLPE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorine etylene propylene (FEP), resin ya perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), polyurethane (PUR),polyethylene (PE), thermoplastique elastomer (TPE) napolyvinyl chloride (PVC), Buriwese afite imikorere itandukanye.
Guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo byo gukata insinga bigomba kubanza kuzirikana guhuza n’ibidukikije ndetse no guhuza imikoreshereze. Kurugero, ibidukikije bikonje cyane birashobora gusaba insinga zikomeza guhinduka mubushyuhe buke cyane. Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza byo gukata nibyingenzi kugirango umenye umugozi mwiza wa optique kuri buri porogaramu. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa kumva neza intego umugozi wa optique cyangwa insinga bigomba kuba byujuje nibisabwa bigomba kuba byujuje.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukata insinga. Ikozwe muri polyvinyl chloride ishingiye kuri resin, ikongeramo stabilisateur, plasitike, yuzuza ibinyabuzima nka calcium karubone, inyongeramusaruro n'amavuta, nibindi, binyuze mu kuvanga no gukata no gusohora. Ifite imiterere myiza yumubiri, iyumukanishi n amashanyarazi, mugihe ifite ibihe byiza byo guhangana nikirere hamwe n’imiterere ihamye y’imiti, irashobora kandi kunoza imikorere yayo ikongeramo inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye, nka flame retardant, kurwanya ubushyuhe nibindi.
Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro umugozi wa PVC ni ukongeramo ibice bya PVC kuri extruder hanyuma ukabisohora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu cyo gukora umugozi wigituba.
Ibyiza bya jacket ya kabili ya PVC birahendutse, byoroshye gutunganya no gushiraho, hamwe nurwego runini rwa porogaramu. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi mato mato, insinga zitumanaho, insinga zubaka nizindi nzego. Nyamara, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya UV hamwe nindi miterere ya PVC yogosha kabisa ni ntege nke, zirimo ibintu byangiza ibidukikije numubiri wumuntu, kandi hariho ibibazo byinshi iyo bikoreshejwe mubidukikije bidasanzwe. Hamwe nogukangurira abantu kumenya ibidukikije no kunoza imikorere yibikorwa, hashyizwe ahagaragara ibikoresho bya PVC. Kubwibyo, mubice bimwe bidasanzwe, nkindege, ikirere, ingufu za kirimbuzi nizindi nzego, amashanyarazi ya PVC akoreshwa neza.
Polyethylene (PE)ni ibikoresho bisanzwe. Ifite imiterere yubukanishi hamwe n’imiti ihamye, kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, kurwanya ubukonje no guhangana n’ikirere. PE kabati irashobora kunozwa wongeyeho inyongera, nka antioxydants, imashini ya UV, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro umugozi wa PE burasa nubwa PVC, kandi ibice bya PE byongewe kuri extruder hanyuma bigasohoka munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu cyo gukora umugozi wigituba.
PE umugozi wa PE ufite ibyiza byo kurwanya gusaza ibidukikije no kurwanya UV, mugihe igiciro ari gito, gikoreshwa cyane mumigozi ya optique, insinga za voltage nkeya, insinga zitumanaho, insinga zubucukuzi nizindi nzego. Polyethylene ihuza (XLPE) ni ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa kabili bifite amashanyarazi menshi hamwe nubukanishi. Ikorwa no guhuza ibikoresho bya polyethylene mubushyuhe bwinshi. Ihuriro rifatika rishobora gutuma ibintu bya polyethylene bigizwe nurwego rwibice bitatu, bigatuma bigira imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Umugozi wa XLPE ukoreshwa cyane mubijyanye ninsinga zumuriro mwinshi, nkumurongo wogukwirakwiza, insimburangingo, nibindi. Ifite ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi, imbaraga za mashini hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti, ariko kandi bifite ubushyuhe budasanzwe nubushyuhe bwikirere.
Polyurethane (PUR)bivuga itsinda rya plastiki ryakozwe mu mpera za 1930. Ikorwa nuburyo bwimiti yitwa polymerisation. Ibikoresho fatizo mubisanzwe ni peteroli, ariko ibikoresho byibimera nkibirayi, ibigori cyangwa beterave yisukari nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byayo. PUR ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa. Nibikoresho bya elastomer bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya gusaza, kurwanya amavuta na aside hamwe na alkali irwanya, mugihe ifite imbaraga zumukanishi hamwe nuburyo bwo gukira bworoshye. Umuyoboro wa PUR urashobora kunozwa wongeyeho inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye, nka flame retardants, imiti irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro umugozi wa PUR ni ukongeramo ibice bya PUR kuri extruder hanyuma ukabisohora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu cyo gukora umugozi wigituba. Polyurethane ifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi.
Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara, kugabanya kurwanya no kurira, kandi bikomeza guhinduka cyane no mubushyuhe buke. Ibi bituma PUR ikwiranye cyane na porogaramu zisaba kugenda ningendo zisabwa, nkurunigi rukurura. Mubikorwa bya robo, insinga zifite PUR zirashobora kwihanganira amamiriyoni yunama cyangwa imbaraga zikomeye za torsional nta kibazo. PUR ifite kandi imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya amavuta, imishwarara hamwe nimirasire ya ultraviolet. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ibigize ibikoresho, ni halogen-idafite na flame retardant, ibyo bikaba ari ingingo ngenderwaho zingenzi ku nsinga zemewe na UL kandi zikoreshwa muri Amerika. Intsinga za PUR zikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi bwimashini ninganda, gukoresha inganda, ninganda zitwara imodoka.
Nubwo icyuma cya kaburimbo ya PUR gifite imiterere myiza yumubiri, ubukanishi nubumashini, igiciro cyacyo kiri hejuru kandi ntigikwiye kubihendutse bihendutse, nibikorwa-byinshi.
Polyurethane thermoplastique elastomer (TPU)ni Byakoreshejwe Byakoreshejwe Ibikoresho. Bitandukanye na polyurethane elastomer (PUR), TPU nibikoresho bya termoplastique bifite imikorere myiza na plastike.
Umuyoboro wa kabili wa TPU ufite imbaraga zo kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya amavuta, aside na alkali kurwanya no guhangana nikirere, kandi ufite imbaraga zumukanishi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugarura ibintu byoroshye, bishobora guhuza ningendo zikomeye hamwe n’ibidukikije.
Umuyoboro wa kabili ya TPU ukorwa wongeyeho ibice bya TPU kuri extruder hanyuma ukabisohora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu cyo gukora umugozi wigituba.
Amashanyarazi ya kabili ya TPU akoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gutangiza inganda, ibikoresho byimashini, sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyimodoka, robot nizindi nzego, hamwe n’imodoka, amato nizindi nzego. Ifite imyambarire myiza yo kwambara no gukora neza, irashobora kurinda neza umugozi, ariko kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo guhangana nubushyuhe buke.
Ugereranije na PUR, TPU ya kabili ifite ibyiza byo gutunganya neza na plastike, ishobora guhuza nubunini bwinsinga nibisabwa. Nyamara, igiciro cya kabili ya kaburimbo ya TPU kiri hejuru cyane, kandi ntikibereye mugihe gito, cyinshi-cyinshi.
Rubber Silicone (PU)ni Byakoreshejwe Byakoreshejwe Ibikoresho. Nibikoresho bya polymer organic, bivuga urunigi nyamukuru rugizwe na atome ya silicon na ogisijeni ubundi, kandi atome ya silicon isanzwe ihujwe nitsinda ryibinyabuzima bibiri bya reberi. Rubber isanzwe ya silicone igizwe ahanini numunyururu wa silicone urimo amatsinda ya methyl hamwe na vinyl nkeya. Itangizwa ryitsinda rya fenyl rirashobora kunoza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke bwa reberi ya silicone, kandi kwinjiza trifluoropropyl na cyanide birashobora kunoza ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwamavuta ya silicone. PU ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo guhangana nubushyuhe, kurwanya ubukonje no kurwanya okiside, kandi ifite nubwitonzi bwiza nuburyo bwiza bwo gukira. Icyuma cya kabili ya silicone irashobora kunoza imikorere yongeyeho inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye, nkibikoresho birwanya kwambara, imiti irwanya amavuta, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro umugozi wa silicone reberi ni ukongeramo silicone reberi ivanze na extruder hanyuma ukayisohora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu cyo gukora umugozi wigituba. Icyuma cya kabili ya silicone gikoreshwa cyane mubushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi, ibisabwa birwanya ikirere, nko mu kirere, inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, peteroli, ingufu za gisirikare n’izindi nzego.
Ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwa okiside, irashobora gukora neza mubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, ibidukikije byangirika, ariko kandi ifite imbaraga zumukanishi hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukira bworoshye, irashobora guhuza ningendo zogukora hamwe nibidukikije.
Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho byo gukata kabili, silicone reberi ya kabili yogosha ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi irwanya okiside, ariko kandi ifite ubwitonzi bwiza nibikorwa byo kugarura ibintu byoroshye, bikwiranye nibikorwa bigoye cyane. Nyamara, igiciro cya kabili ya silicone reberi iracyari hejuru, kandi ntabwo ikwiranye nigihe gito, umusaruro mwinshi.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, bizwi kandi nka polytetrafluoroethylene. Nibikoresho bya polymer bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi no kurwanya imiti, kandi birashobora gukora neza mubushyuhe bukabije, umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe n’ibidukikije byangirika. Byongeye kandi, plastiki ya fluor nayo ifite imiterere myiza yumuriro kandi ikarwanya kwambara.
Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro amashanyarazi ya fluor ni ukongeramo uduce duto twa plastike ya fluor kuri extruder hanyuma tukayisohora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu cyo gukora umugozi wigituba.
Icyuma cya pulasitiki ya fluor ikoreshwa cyane mu kirere, mu mashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi, muri peteroli no mu zindi nzego zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ndetse na semiconductor, itumanaho rya optique n'izindi nzego. Ifite ruswa irwanya ruswa kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, irashobora gukora neza mubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, ibidukikije byangirika igihe kirekire, ariko kandi ifite imbaraga zumukanishi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugarura ibintu byoroshye, irashobora guhuza ningendo zikomeye zikorana n’ibidukikije.
Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho bya kabili, icyuma cya plastiki ya fluor gifite amashanyarazi arwanya ruswa kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikwiranye nakazi gakabije. Nyamara, igiciro cyumubyimba wa plastiki ya fluor kiri hejuru cyane, kandi ntikibereye mugihe gito, cyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-14-2024