Mu miterere y'insinga za optique (OFC), guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo bikwiye ni ingenzi cyane. Ahantu hatandukanye ho gukorera—nk'ubukonje bukabije, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe, gushyira hanze, gukomeza kunama, cyangwa kugenda kenshi—bishyiraho ibisabwa bitandukanye ku bikoresho bya optique. Hano, turasobanura muri make ibikoresho byinshi bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda, dusesengura imikorere yabyo n'ikoreshwa ryabyo kugira ngo bigufashe kunoza imiterere y'insinga za optique n'uburyo uhitamo ibikoresho.
1. PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate) — Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro irekuye
PBTni cyo gikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mu gukora imiyoboro idafite imigozi mu nsinga za fibre optique. Plastike zisanzwe zikunda kwangirika iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi kandi zoroshye iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru. PBT yahinduwe, urugero nk'ibice by'iminyururu ihindagurika, irushaho kunoza cyane ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe buri hasi kandi ishobora kugera kuri -40°C. Byongeye kandi, PBT itanga uburinzi bwiza n'ubudahangarwa mu bipimo biri hejuru, irinda neza imiyoboro mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imikorere yayo iringaniye, ikiguzi gikwiye, no gukora ibintu bitandukanye bituma iba amahitamo asanzwe ku nsinga z'itumanaho zo hanze, insinga zigenda ndende, n'imiterere y'insinga za ADSS.
2. PP (Polypropylene) — Ubukomezi bwo hejuru bw'ubushyuhe buke no kurwanya hydrolysis
PP yibanzweho cyane n'ibikoresho bya optique bitewe n'ubukonje bwayo buri hasi, ikarinda gucikagurika mu bihe by'ubukonje bukabije. Ubudahangarwa bwayo bwa hydrolysis nabwo buruta PBT, bigatuma ikwiriye ahantu hakonje cyangwa hakungahaye ku mazi menshi. Ariko, PP ifite modulus nkeya kandi ikomeye ugereranije na PBT, bityo ikoreshwa ryayo rigomba kwita ku miterere yihariye y'insinga. Urugero, insinga zoroheje, insinga zo mu nzu n'izo hanze, cyangwa insinga zidafite ubushobozi bwo koroha zisaba koroherwa cyane zishobora guhitamo PP nk'ubundi buryo.
3. LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) — Ikoti ry'insinga rikoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe n'ibidukikije
LSZHni cyo gikoresho cy’insinga gikoreshwa cyane mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Imbuto nziza za LSZH, zikorwa binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwa polymeri n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kuziba, zishobora kuzuza ibisabwa ku bushyuhe buke bwa -40°C kandi zigakoreshwa igihe kirekire kuri 85°C. Mu gihe cy’inkongi, LSZH isohora umwotsi muke kandi nta gaze ka halogen ikoreshwa, yongera cyane umutekano ku nsinga zo mu nzu, insinga zo mu kigo cy’amakuru, n’insinga z’ibikoresho rusange. Itanga kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika kw’ibidukikije no kwangirika kw’ibinyabutabire, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku nsinga zo mu nzu no hanze.
4. TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) — “Umwami” wo koroshya ubushyuhe no kurwanya kwangirika kw'ibinure
TPU izwiho koroshye no gukomera mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane. Bitandukanye na PVC, TPU iguma yoroshye kuyihindura kandi nticika. Ifite kandi ubushobozi bwo gushwanyagurika, amavuta, no gucika kw'imitsi, bigatuma iba nziza cyane mu kwimura insinga, harimo insinga zo gukurura, insinga z'imodoka, insinga zo gucukura, insinga za roboti, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kwihutisha imikorere y'inganda. Menya ko ubushobozi bwa TPU bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amazi bitewe n'urwego runaka, bityo guhitamo imiterere myiza ni ingenzi.
5. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) — Ihitamo ry'ikoti ry'insinga rihendutse rifite ubushyuhe buke
PVC iracyakoreshwa ku nsinga zimwe na zimwe z'amashanyarazi bitewe nuko ihendutse kandi yoroshye kuyitunganya. Ariko, PVC isanzwe irakomera kandi ishobora kwangirika munsi ya -10°C, bigatuma idashobora gukoreshwa mu bihe by'ubukonje bukabije. PVC ikoresha ubushyuhe buke cyangwa idakonje ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'impinduka z'ikirahure binyuze mu byuma bikoresha pulasitiki, ariko ibi bishobora kwangiza imbaraga za mekanike no kudasaza. Kubwibyo, PVC ikwiriye cyane imishinga ihenze mu bidukikije bihamye, nko gushyiramo ibikoresho bisanzwe mu nzu cyangwa gushyiraho insinga by'agateganyo.
6. TPV (Thermoplastic Vulcanizate) — Guhuza uburyo bwo gushonga bwa Rubber n'uburyo bwo gutunganya pulasitiki
TPV ihuza uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya no gupima bwa pulasitike. Itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubukonje, ndetse no guhangana n'ikirere no guhangana na ozone. Kuba TPV ikora neza kandi iramba bituma ikoreshwa neza n'insinga z'amashanyarazi zo hanze, insinga z'imodoka, n'insinga zoroshye. Nk'ibikoresho, TPV ihuza imiterere ya TPU na PVC, igatanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibidukikije.
7. XLPE (Polyethylene ifatanye) — Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe bwinshi ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi n'iz'amashanyarazi
XLPE, binyuze mu guhuza, byongera ubushobozi bwo kudashyuha kandi bishobora gukora buri gihe hejuru ya 90°C. Binatanga imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike n'ubudahangarwa. Nubwo XLPE ikoreshwa cyane mu gukingira insinga z'amashanyarazi (urugero, 1kV–35kV), rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa mu nsinga za optique mu gushimangira cyangwa gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imiterere yayo y'ubushyuhe n'iy'imashini ituma ikwiriye insinga za optique zihariye mu bidukikije bikomeye.
Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ikoti ry'insinga y'urumuri — Uburyo bwo gukoresha ni ingenzi
Guhitamo ibikoresho bya optique bisaba ibirenze gusuzuma amakuru ya tekiniki; bigomba no gusuzuma ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho nyabyo:
Gushyiraho neza (inyuma, umuyoboro w'amazi, umuyoboro w'amazi ukoresha ikirere): LSZH, TPV, XLPE
Porogaramu zo kwimura (iminyururu yo gukurura, roboti, imodoka, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro): TPU
Ubukonje bukabije (-40°C cyangwa munsi): PBT yahinduwe, PP, TPU
Insinga zo mu nzu, Imikoreshereze isanzwe, Imishinga ijyanye n'ikiguzi: PVC (ni byiza gusa mu bihe runaka)
Nta gisubizo "kijyanye n'ingano imwe" gihari ku bikoresho by'insinga z'urumuri. Amahitamo agomba gushingira ku isuzuma ryimbitse ry'imiterere y'insinga, imiterere y'aho zishyirwa, ingengo y'imari, n'uburyo zizemerwa mu gihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-20-2025