Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zagize iterambere ryihuse, zigira intambwe igaragara mu ikoranabuhanga no mu micungire. Ibyagezweho nko gukoresha ingufu nyinshi cyane n'ikoranabuhanga rihambaye byatumye Ubushinwa buba ikirangirire ku isi. Hari intambwe ikomeye yatewe kuva ku igenamigambi cyangwa kugeza ku bwubatsi ndetse no ku rwego rw'imicungire y'ibikorwa n'imicungire.
Mu gihe inganda z’ingufu, peteroli, imiti, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi mu mijyi, imodoka, n’ubwubatsi bw’amato byagutse cyane cyane bitewe no kwihutisha ihinduka ry’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, gutangiza imishinga y’amashanyarazi menshi cyane, ndetse no kwimukira ku isi hose mu gukora insinga n’insinga mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika gaherereye mu Bushinwa, isoko ry’insinga n’insinga mu gihugu ryagutse vuba.
Urwego rukora insinga n'insinga rwagaragaye nk'urwego runini mu mashami arenga makumyabiri y'inganda z'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, rugizwe na kimwe cya kane cy'urwo rwego.
I. Icyiciro cy'iterambere ry'inganda zikora insinga n'insinga
Impinduka zitagaragara mu iterambere ry’inganda z’insinga mu Bushinwa mu myaka yashize zigaragaza ko hari impinduka kuva mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse kugera mu gihe cy’iterambere:
– Gutuza igikenewe ku isoko no kugabanuka k’iterambere ry’inganda, bigatuma habaho uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ibintu n’imikorere isanzwe, hadakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rinini cyangwa rihindura ibintu.
– Igenzura rikomeye ry’amategeko rikorwa n’inzego zibishinzwe, hamwe no gushyira imbaraga mu kunoza ubuziranenge no kubaka ikirango, bitanga inyungu nziza ku isoko.
- Ingaruka zihuriweho z’ibintu byo hanze n’iby’imbere mu nganda byatumye ibigo byubahiriza amategeko bishyira imbere ireme n’ikirango, bigaragaza neza ubukungu bw’urwego muri urwo rwego.
– Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yinjire mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga rigoye, n’ishoramari ryariyongereye, bituma ibigo bitandukana. Ingaruka za Matthew zagaragaye mu bigo bikomeye, aho umubare w’ibigo bidafite imbaraga ugenda uva ku isoko ugabanuka ndetse n’abashya batangira kuhagera bagabanuka. Guhuza inganda no kuvugurura imikorere birimo kugenda birushaho gukora.
– Dukurikije amakuru yakurikiranwe kandi asesenguwe, igipimo cy’amafaranga yinjira mu bigo byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibigo mu nganda muri rusange cyakomeje kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye.
– Mu nzego zihariye z’inganda zikorera ku rwego rumwe, abayobozi b’inganda ntibari kubona gusa iterambere ry’isoko, ahubwo no guhangana kwabo ku rwego mpuzamahanga kwariyongereye.
II. Impinduka mu iterambere zigenda zigaragara
Ubushobozi bw'isoko
Mu 2022, amashanyarazi yose yakoreshejwe mu gihugu yageze kuri miliyari 863.72 z'amasaha ya kilowati, bigaragaza ko ubwiyongere bw'umwaka bungana na 3.6%.
Isesengura rishingiye ku nganda:
– Ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu nganda: miliyari 114.6 z’amasaha ya kilowati, ryiyongereyeho 10.4%.
– Ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu nganda zisanzwe: miliyari 57.001 kilowati z’amasaha, ryiyongereyeho 1.2%.
– Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu nganda za kaminuza: miliyari 14.859 z'amasaha ya kilowati, ryiyongereyeho 4.4%.
– Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ry'abaturage bo mu mijyi no mu byaro: miliyari 13.366 z'amasaha ya kilowati, ryiyongereyeho 13.8%.
Mu mpera z'Ukuboza 2022, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza ingufu z'amashanyarazi bwashyizwe mu gihugu bwageze kuri kilowati miliyari 2.56, bigaragaza ko izamuka rya 7.8% ry'umwaka ushize.
Mu 2022, ubushobozi bwose bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa bwarenze kilowati miliyari 1.2, aho amashanyarazi akomoka ku mazi, umuyaga, imirasire y'izuba, n'ingufu zikomoka ku bimera byose biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.
By’umwihariko, ubushobozi bw’ingufu z’umuyaga bwari kilowati miliyoni 370, bwiyongereyeho 11.2% ugereranyije n’umwaka, mu gihe ubushobozi bw’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba bwari kilowati miliyoni 390, ubwiyongere bwa 28.1% ugereranyije n’umwaka.
Ubushobozi bw'isoko
Mu 2022, amashanyarazi yose yakoreshejwe mu gihugu yageze kuri miliyari 863.72 z'amasaha ya kilowati, bigaragaza ko ubwiyongere bw'umwaka bungana na 3.6%.
Isesengura rishingiye ku nganda:
– Ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu nganda: miliyari 114.6 z’amasaha ya kilowati, ryiyongereyeho 10.4%.
– Ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu nganda zisanzwe: miliyari 57.001 kilowati z’amasaha, ryiyongereyeho 1.2%.
– Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu nganda za kaminuza: miliyari 14.859 z'amasaha ya kilowati, ryiyongereyeho 4.4%.
– Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ry'abaturage bo mu mijyi no mu byaro: miliyari 13.366 z'amasaha ya kilowati, ryiyongereyeho 13.8%.
Mu mpera z'Ukuboza 2022, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza ingufu z'amashanyarazi bwashyizwe mu gihugu bwageze kuri kilowati miliyari 2.56, bigaragaza ko izamuka rya 7.8% ry'umwaka ushize.
Mu 2022, ubushobozi bwose bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa bwarenze kilowati miliyari 1.2, aho amashanyarazi akomoka ku mazi, umuyaga, imirasire y'izuba, n'ingufu zikomoka ku bimera byose biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.
By’umwihariko, ubushobozi bw’ingufu z’umuyaga bwari kilowati miliyoni 370, bwiyongereyeho 11.2% ugereranyije n’umwaka, mu gihe ubushobozi bw’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba bwari kilowati miliyoni 390, ubwiyongere bwa 28.1% ugereranyije n’umwaka.
Imiterere y'ishoramari
Mu 2022, ishoramari mu mishinga yo kubaka imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ryageze kuri miliyari 501.2 z'amayuan, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka ku kigero cya 2.0%.
Ibigo bikomeye bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose byashoye ishoramari mu mishinga y’ubuhanga bw’amashanyarazi ingana na miliyari 720.8 z’amayuani, bigaragaza ko hiyongereyeho 22.8% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize. Muri ibyo, ishoramari ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mazi ryari miliyari 86.3 z’amayuani, ryagabanutseho 26.5% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize; ishoramari ry’ingufu zikomoka ku bushyuhe ryari miliyari 90.9 z’amayuani, ryiyongereyeho 28.4% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize; ishoramari ry’ingufu za kirimbuzi ryari miliyari 67.7 z’amayuani, ryiyongereyeho 25.7% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'umushinga wa "Belt and Road", Ubushinwa bwagutse cyane ishoramari ryabwo mu ngufu za Afurika, bituma habaho ubufatanye bwagutse hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Ubumwe bwa Afurika ndetse no kuzana amahirwe mashya atari yarigeze aboneka. Ariko, izi gahunda zirimo kandi ibibazo bya politiki, ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, bigatera ibyago bikomeye mu mpande zitandukanye.
Ishusho y'isoko
Ubu, inzego bireba zashyizeho intego zimwe na zimwe z’ “Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu” mu iterambere ry’ingufu n’ingufu, ndetse na gahunda y’ibikorwa by’ingufu za “Internet+”. Amabwiriza yo guteza imbere imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi n’igenamigambi ryo guhindura imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi nayo yashyizweho.
Ingingo z’ingenzi z’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa mu gihe kirekire ntizihinduka, zirangwa no kwihangana mu bukungu, ubushobozi bufatika, ubushobozi buhagije bwo kuyobora, inkunga irambye mu iterambere, ndetse n’icyerekezo gikomeje cyo kunoza imiterere y’ubukungu.
Biteganyijwe ko ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa buzaba bugera kuri kilowati miliyari 2.55, bukagera kuri kilowati miliyari 2.8 mu 2025.
Isesengura ryerekana ko inganda z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, aho inganda zazamutse cyane. Bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya rigezweho nka 5G na interineti y'ibintu (IoT), inganda z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zinjiye mu cyiciro gishya cyo guhinduka no kuzamuka.
Imbogamizi z'Iterambere
Iterambere ry’Ubushinwa mu nganda nshya z’ingufu riragaragara, aho ingufu z’umuyaga n’ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zisanzwe zigabanyijemo ingufu, ingufu za hydrogen, n’izindi nzego, bigatuma habaho ubwuzuzanye bw’ingufu nyinshi. Igipimo rusange cy’inyubako z’ingufu zikomoka ku mazi si kinini, ahanini kibanda ku bigo by’ingufu zikoreshwa mu kubikamo amazi, mu gihe kubaka imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose biri kugaragara mu mihindagurikire mishya y’iterambere.
Iterambere ry'ingufu mu Bushinwa ryinjiye mu gihe cy'ingenzi cyo guhindura uburyo, guhindura imiterere, no guhindura amasoko y'ingufu. Nubwo ivugurura ry'ingufu ryateye intambwe igaragara, icyiciro gitaha cy'ivugurura kizahura n'ibibazo bikomeye n'imbogamizi zikomeye.
Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ingufu mu Bushinwa n’impinduka zikomeje no kuvugurura, kwaguka kwagutse k’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, kwiyongera k’urugero rw’amashanyarazi, umubare munini w’ibikoresho bitanga ingufu bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru n’ibipimo binini, hamwe no guhuza ingufu nshya mu miyoboro byose bituma habaho imiterere igoye y’ingufu n’imikorere yazo.
By’umwihariko, kwiyongera kw’ibyago bitari bisanzwe biterwa no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya nk’ikoranabuhanga ry’amakuru byatumye hakenerwa ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira sisitemu, ubushobozi bwo kohereza no guhindura imikorere, bigatera imbogamizi zikomeye ku mikorere myiza no mu mutekano y’isitemu y’amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-01-2023