Mu myaka yashize, inganda z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zateye imbere byihuse, zitera intambwe igaragara mu ikoranabuhanga no mu micungire. Ibyagezweho nka ultra-high voltage na tekinoroji ya supercritical yashyize Ubushinwa nk'umuyobozi wisi yose. Intambwe nini imaze guterwa kuva igenamigambi cyangwa mu iyubakwa kimwe no gukora no kubungabunga urwego.
Kubera ko ingufu z’Ubushinwa, peteroli, imiti, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi zo mu mijyi, amamodoka, n’ubwubatsi bw’ubwato bwagutse vuba, cyane cyane mu kwihutisha ihinduka ry’imiyoboro, gutangiza imishinga ikurikirana y’umuriro wa ultra-high, hamwe no guhindura isi insinga n’insinga kuri Agace ka Aziya-Pasifika gakikije Ubushinwa, insinga zo mu gihugu hamwe n’isoko rya kabili byaragutse vuba.
Urwego rukora insinga n’insinga rwagaragaye nkurwego runini mu bice birenga makumyabiri by’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga, bingana na kimwe cya kane cy’umurenge.
I. Iterambere Rikuze Icyiciro Cyinganda ninsinga
Imihindagurikire yoroheje mu iterambere ry’inganda z’Ubushinwa mu myaka yashize yerekana impinduka kuva mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse ikajya mu bukure:
- Guhindura ibyifuzo byisoko no kwihuta kwiterambere ryinganda, bikavamo inzira iganisha kubisanzwe muburyo bwa tekiniki ninganda zisanzwe, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rito rihungabanya cyangwa rihindura.
- Igenzura rikomeye ry’inzego zibishinzwe, hamwe no gushimangira kuzamura ireme no kubaka ibicuruzwa, biganisha ku isoko ryiza.
- Ingaruka ziterwa na macro yo hanze ninganda zimbere mu gihugu zatumye imishinga yubahiriza gushyira imbere ubuziranenge no kwerekana ibicuruzwa, byerekana neza ubukungu bwikigereranyo murwego.
- Ibisabwa kugirango umuntu yinjire mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga rigoye, n’ishoramari ryiyongereye, biganisha ku gutandukanya ibigo. Ingaruka ya Matayo yagaragaye mu masosiyete akomeye, hamwe no kwiyongera kw'umubare w'amasosiyete adakomeye asohoka ku isoko ndetse no kugabanuka kw'abinjira bashya. Guhuza inganda no kuvugurura bigenda birushaho gukora.
- Dukurikije amakuru yakurikiranwe kandi yasesenguwe, umubare w’amafaranga yinjira mu masosiyete yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’amafaranga yinjira mu nganda rusange yagiye yiyongera uko umwaka utashye.
- Mu bice byihariye by’inganda zifasha igipimo rusange, abayobozi b’inganda ntabwo bahura n’isoko ryiza gusa, ahubwo n’ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
II. Inzira ziterambere
Ubushobozi bw'isoko
Mu 2022, amashanyarazi yose yakoreshejwe mu gihugu yageze kuri miliyari 863.72 z'amasaha ya kilowatt, bivuze ko umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 3,6%.
Isenyuka ryinganda:
- Inganda zambere zikoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 114.6-kilowatt-amasaha, byiyongereyeho 10.4%.
- Amashanyarazi yisumbuye akoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 57,001 kilowatt-amasaha, yiyongereyeho 1,2%.
- Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu cyiciro cya gatatu: miliyari 14,859-kilowatt-amasaha, byiyongereyeho 4.4%.
- Abatuye mu mijyi no mu cyaro bakoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 13.366-kilowatt-amasaha, byiyongereyeho 13.8%.
Mu mpera z'Ukuboza 2022, ingufu z’amashanyarazi zashyizwe mu gihugu zageze kuri kilowati zigera kuri miliyari 2,56, bivuze ko umwaka ushize wazamutseho 7.8%.
Mu 2022, ingufu zose zashyizwemo ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zirenga miliyari 1,2 kilowatt, hamwe n’amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, umuyaga w’izuba, hamwe n’amashanyarazi ya biomass byose biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.
By'umwihariko, ingufu z'umuyaga zari hafi kilowati miliyoni 370, zikaba ziyongereyeho 11.2% ku mwaka, mu gihe ingufu z'izuba zingana na kilowati miliyoni 390, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 28.1%.
Ubushobozi bw'isoko
Mu 2022, amashanyarazi yose yakoreshejwe mu gihugu yageze kuri miliyari 863.72 z'amasaha ya kilowatt, bivuze ko umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 3,6%.
Isenyuka ryinganda:
- Inganda zambere zikoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 114.6-kilowatt-amasaha, byiyongereyeho 10.4%.
- Amashanyarazi yisumbuye akoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 57,001 kilowatt-amasaha, yiyongereyeho 1,2%.
- Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu cyiciro cya gatatu: miliyari 14,859-kilowatt-amasaha, byiyongereyeho 4.4%.
- Abatuye mu mijyi no mu cyaro bakoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 13.366-kilowatt-amasaha, byiyongereyeho 13.8%.
Mu mpera z'Ukuboza 2022, ingufu z’amashanyarazi zashyizwe mu gihugu zageze kuri kilowati zigera kuri miliyari 2,56, bivuze ko umwaka ushize wazamutseho 7.8%.
Mu 2022, ingufu zose zashyizwemo ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zirenga miliyari 1,2 kilowatt, hamwe n’amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, umuyaga w’izuba, hamwe n’amashanyarazi ya biomass byose biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.
By'umwihariko, ingufu z'umuyaga zari hafi kilowati miliyoni 370, zikaba ziyongereyeho 11.2% ku mwaka, mu gihe ingufu z'izuba zingana na kilowati miliyoni 390, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 28.1%.
Imiterere y'ishoramari
Mu 2022, ishoramari mu mishinga yo kubaka gride ryageze kuri miliyari 501.2 Yuan, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 2.0%.
Amasosiyete akomeye y’amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose yarangije gushora imari mu mishinga y’amashanyarazi angana na miliyari 720.8, byerekana ko umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 22.8%. Muri ibyo, ishoramari ry'amashanyarazi ryari miliyari 86.3 Yuan, ryagabanutseho 26.5% ku mwaka; ishoramari ry’amashanyarazi ryari miliyari 90.9, byiyongereyeho 28.4% ku mwaka; ishoramari ry’ingufu za kirimbuzi ryari miliyari 67.7, yiyongereyeho 25.7% ku mwaka.
Mu myaka yashize, bitewe n’umugambi wa “Umukandara n’umuhanda”, Ubushinwa bwaguye cyane ishoramari mu bihugu by’Afurika, bituma habaho ubufatanye bwagutse bw’ubufatanye n’Ubushinwa na Afurika ndetse havuka amahirwe mashya atigeze abaho. Nyamara, izi gahunda zirimo kandi ibibazo byinshi bya politiki, ubukungu, n’imibereho, biganisha ku ngaruka zikomeye ziturutse mu mpande zitandukanye.
Icyerekezo cy'isoko
Kugeza ubu, inzego zibishinzwe zatanze intego zimwe na zimwe za “Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu” mu iterambere ry’ingufu n’ingufu, ndetse na gahunda y’ibikorwa by’ingufu za “Internet +”. Amabwiriza agamije iterambere rya gride yubwenge na gahunda yo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro yo guhindura imiyoboro nayo yatangijwe.
Ubushinwa bumaze igihe kirekire bushingiye ku bukungu burahinduka, burangwa no guhangana n’ubukungu, ubushobozi bukomeye, icyumba kinini cyo kuyobora, inkunga irambye y’iterambere, hamwe n’uburyo bukomeza bwo guhindura imikorere y’ubukungu.
Kugeza mu 2023, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho ingufu z'amashanyarazi buteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 2,55 kilowat, bukazamuka bugera kuri miliyari 2.8 kilowatt mu 2025.
Isesengura ryerekana ko inganda z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zagize iterambere ryihuse mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’inganda ziyongera cyane. Bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rishya nka 5G na interineti y’ibintu (IoT), inganda z’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zinjiye mu cyiciro gishya cyo guhindura no kuzamura.
Inzitizi z'iterambere
Iterambere ry’Ubushinwa mu nganda nshya z’ingufu riragaragara, hamwe n’umuyaga gakondo w’umuyaga n’ibirindiro bifotora bifata amashanyarazi mu kubika ingufu, ingufu za hydrogène, n’izindi nzego, bigashyiraho uburyo bwo kuzuzanya ingufu nyinshi. Igipimo rusange cy’ubwubatsi bw’amashanyarazi ntabwo ari kinini, cyibanda cyane cyane ku bubiko bw’amashanyarazi bubikwa, mu gihe iyubakwa ry’amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose ririmo kubona iterambere rishya.
Iterambere ry’ingufu z’Ubushinwa ryinjiye mu bihe bikomeye byo guhindura uburyo, guhindura imiterere, no guhindura amasoko y’ingufu. Nubwo ivugurura ry’ingufu zuzuye ryateye intambwe igaragara, icyiciro cyivugurura kiri imbere kizahura n’ibibazo bikomeye n'inzitizi zikomeye.
Hamwe n’Ubushinwa bwihuta mu iterambere ry’amashanyarazi no gukomeza guhinduka no kuzamura, kwaguka kwinshi kw’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, kongera ingufu za voltage, umubare w’amashanyarazi yiyongera cyane hamwe n’ibice bitanga ingufu nyinshi, hamwe no guhuza ingufu nshya z’amashanyarazi muri grid byose biganisha kumurongo wimbaraga za sisitemu n'ibiranga imikorere.
By'umwihariko, ubwiyongere bw'ingaruka zidasanzwe zizanwa no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'amakuru ryazamuye ibisabwa cyane ku bushobozi bwo gushyigikira sisitemu, ubushobozi bwo kohereza, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura, bigaragaza imbogamizi zikomeye ku mikorere itekanye kandi ihamye y'ingufu. Sisitemu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-01-2023