Mu myaka yashize, inganda z'ubutaka bw'Ubushinwa zagize iterambere ryihuse, ritera intambwe igaragara muri tekinoroji no kuyobora. Ibyagezweho nkibivoko bikomeye ultra-bikomeye hamwe nikoranabuhanga rirenze urugero ryashyizeho Ubushinwa nkumuyobozi wisi. Iterambere rikomeye ryakozwe mu igenamigambi cyangwa kubwubatsi kimwe nubuyobozi bwo kuyobora no gufata neza.
Nk'imbaraga z'Ubushinwa, peteroli, gutwara imiti, imiti, mu muhanda, no kwihutisha ihinduka ry'isi, hamwe no kwihutisha ihinduka ry'isi, hamwe no kwihutisha ihinduka ry'isi, hamwe no kwihutisha ihinduka ry'isi yose, hamwe no kwihutisha impinduka za gride, hamwe no kwihutisha impinduka za grid
Urwego rwo gukora insinga n'imigozi y'imigozi yagaragaye nkinini mu rubingo rurenga makumyabiri rw'inganda z'amashanyarazi n'imodoka, ibaruramari kimwe cya kane cy'Umurenge.
I. Icyiciro cyiterambere cyimigozi ninganda
Guhinduranya mu iterambere ry'inganda z'Ubushinwa mu myaka yashize byerekana inzibacyuho kuva mu gihe cyo gukura vuba kugeza mu gukura:
- Guharanira inyungu z'isoko no kwiyoroshya mu mikurire yinganda, bikaviramo icyerekezo cyerekeza kumiterere yubuhanga busanzwe bwo gukora no gutunganya ibintu bisanzwe, hamwe nubuhanga buke budahungabana cyangwa impinduramatwara.
- Kugenzura neza inzego zibishinzwe, hamwe no gushimangira kuzamura no kubaka ibirango, biganisha ku isoko ryiza.
- Ingaruka zihuriweho n'inganda zo hanze za Macro n'Imbere zatumye abantu bubahiriza imishinga yo gushyira imbere ubuziranenge no kuranga, kwerekana neza ubukungu bw'igipimo kiri mu Murenge.
- Ibisabwa kugirango byinjire mu nganda, uburemere bw'ikoranabuhanga, n'imbaraga zishoramari byiyongereye, biganisha ku bigo. Ingaruka ya Matayo yagaragaye mubigo biyoboye, hamwe no kuzamuka mumitwe yabakoreka intege basohoka isoko no kugabanuka kubandi bashya. Inganda zihuza no kuvugurura biragenda birushaho gukora.
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- Mu bice byihariye byinganda bifasha abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira hamwe, abayobozi b'inganda ntibahura nabyo gusa kwibanda ku isoko, ariko imyifatire yabo mpuzamahanga nayo yakuze.
II. Imigendekere ihinduka
Ubushobozi bwisoko
Muri 2022, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi byose byageze kuri miliyoni 863.72 Kiloyatt-amasaha, uhagarariye igihe cyumwaka 100%.
Gusenyuka n'inganda:
- Gukoresha inganda z'inganda: Miliyari 114.6 miliyari Kilowatt-amasaha, hejuru ya 10.4%.
- Inganda za kabiri zikoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 57.001 kiloyatt-amasaha, hejuru na 1.2%.
- Gukoresha inganda za kaminuza: Miliyari 14,859 za miliyari ya kilowatt-amasaha, hejuru na 4.4%.
- Gusaba amashanyarazi mu mijyi no mu cyaro: miliyari 13.366 kilogatt-amasaha, hejuru ya 13,8%.
Mu mpera z'Itariki ya 20222 Ukuboza, mu mashanyarazi yashizwemo ubushobozi bw'igisekuru ku nkombe za miliyari 2.566 zo mu bwoko bw'imiliyari.
Muri 2022, ubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho mu masoko ashobora kongerwa yarenze miliyari 1.2 zo mu 12, hamwe n'amazi y'izuba, imbaraga z'izuba, n'ibisekuruza bya biomass byose ku rutonde rwa mbere ku isi.
By'umwihariko, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bwari bugera kuri miliyoni 370, umwaka w'imyaka 11.2% ku mwaka, mu gihe ubushobozi bw'izuba ari miliyoni 390 za kilowati uko ari 3 za 390, mu gihe cy'intama y'umwaka 28.1%.
Ubushobozi bwisoko
Muri 2022, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi byose byageze kuri miliyoni 863.72 Kiloyatt-amasaha, uhagarariye igihe cyumwaka 100%.
Gusenyuka n'inganda:
- Gukoresha inganda z'inganda: Miliyari 114.6 miliyari Kilowatt-amasaha, hejuru ya 10.4%.
- Inganda za kabiri zikoresha amashanyarazi: miliyari 57.001 kiloyatt-amasaha, hejuru na 1.2%.
- Gukoresha inganda za kaminuza: Miliyari 14,859 za miliyari ya kilowatt-amasaha, hejuru na 4.4%.
- Gusaba amashanyarazi mu mijyi no mu cyaro: miliyari 13.366 kilogatt-amasaha, hejuru ya 13,8%.
Mu mpera z'Itariki ya 20222 Ukuboza, mu mashanyarazi yashizwemo ubushobozi bw'igisekuru ku nkombe za miliyari 2.566 zo mu bwoko bw'imiliyari.
Muri 2022, ubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho mu masoko ashobora kongerwa yarenze miliyari 1.2 zo mu 12, hamwe n'amazi y'izuba, imbaraga z'izuba, n'ibisekuruza bya biomass byose ku rutonde rwa mbere ku isi.
By'umwihariko, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bwari bugera kuri miliyoni 370, umwaka w'imyaka 11.2% ku mwaka, mu gihe ubushobozi bw'izuba ari miliyoni 390 za kilowati uko ari 3 za 390, mu gihe cy'intama y'umwaka 28.1%.
Imiterere y'ishoramari
Muri 2022, ishoramari mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi ya Gride yageze kuri miliyari 501.2, kongera umwaka wiyongera bwa 2.0%.
Amazu majoro ibisekuru mu gihugu hose mu gihugu cyarangije ishoramari mu mishinga y'amashanyarazi yose hamwe miliyari 720.8. Muri ibyo, ishoramari ry'amashanyarazi ryabaye miliyari 86.3, munsi ya 26.5% umwaka ku mwaka; Ishoramari ry'ubushyuhe ni miliyari 90.9 za Miliyari 9.9, kugeza 28.4% umwaka ku mwaka; Ishoramari rya kirimbuzi ryari miliyari 67.7. Yuan, kugeza ku 25,7% umwaka ku mwaka.
Mu myaka yashize, ayobowe na "umukandara", Ubushinwa bwegutse cyane mu mbaraga zayo mu butegetsi bwa Afurika, biganisha ku bufatanye bwa kanseri y'ingendo za Sino na Afurika no kugaragara kw'amahirwe adasanzwe. Icyakora, izi gahunda kandi zirimo ibibazo byinshi bya politiki, ubukungu, n'imibereho, biganisha ku kaga gakomeye mu mpande zitandukanye.
Outlook yo hanze
Kugeza ubu, amashami ajyanye na we yatanze intego zimwe na zimwe "gahunda yimyaka itanu" mu iterambere n'ingufu, kimwe na "interineti" gahunda y'ibikorwa by'ingufu. Amabwiriza yo guteza imbere gride nziza na gahunda yo guhindura imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza nayo byatangijwe.
Ishingiro ry'igihe kirekire cy'Ubushinwa ntigihinduka, karangwa no guhangana n'ubukungu, icyumba kinini, mu cyumba gihagije cyo gutera imirongo, inkunga irambye yo guterana umubano.
Kugeza ku 2023, Ubushinwa bwashizweho n'ubushobozi bwamashanyarazi buteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 2,55 za kilovatts, izamuka kuri miliyari 2.8 Kilowatt-Amasaha ya 2025.
Isesengura ryerekana ko inganda zubushinwa zarangije iterambere ryihuse mumyaka yashize, hamwe no kwiyongera cyane kurwego rwinganda. Munsi yikoranabuhanga rishya nka 5G na interineti yibintu (IOT), inganda zubushinwa zinjiye murwego rushya rwo guhindura no kuzamura.
Ibibazo by'iterambere
Iterambere ry'Ubushinwa ryagaragaye mu nganda nshya zingufu ziragaragara, hamwe nimbaraga gakondo yumuyaga hamwe nimbaraga gakondo yumuyaga hamwe nibishingiro bya socvoltaic bishishikaje mububiko bwingufu, ingufu za hyrogène, nizindi nzego, zikora uburyo bwo kuzuza imbaraga nyinshi. Ikinini rusange cyubwubatsi bwa hydropower ntabwo ari kinini, cyane cyane kwibanda kumiterere yamashanyarazi yatsinze, mugihe inyubako ya grid yo mu gihugu irimo guhamya umuhengeri mushya.
Iterambere ry'ubushinwa ryinjiye mu gihe gikomeye cyo guhinduranya uburyo, guhindura imiterere, no guhindura amasoko. Nubwo ivugurura ryuzuye ryagize iterambere rikomeye, icyiciro kiri imbere kizahura n'ibibazo bikomeye bikomere n'inzitizi zikomeye.
Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ingufu z'Ubushinwa no guhindura no kuzamura, kwaguka kw'igipimo kinini, kongera umubare w'amashanyarazi mu gitsina n'ibisekuru by'ibice byinshi biganisha ku ibonezabunze bya sisitemu igoye kandi biranga imikorere.
By'umwihariko, kwiyongera kw'ingaruka zidacogora byazanywe no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru ryazamuye ibibazo byo gushyigikira sisitemu, ubushobozi bwo kwimura, no kumenyekanisha ibibazo by'imitekano kandi ihamye.
Igihe cya nyuma: Sep-01-2023