Kubijyanye nubushyuhe burebure bwigihe kirekire bwo gukora kumurongo wa kabili, insuleri ya reberi ikunze kugaragara kuri 65 ° C, insimburangingo ya polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kuri 70 ° C, hamwe na polyethylene (XLPE) ihuza 90 ° C. Kumuzunguruko mugufi (hamwe nigihe ntarengwa kitarenze amasegonda 5), ubushyuhe burenze urugero bwemewe nuyobora ni 160 ° C kubirindiro bya PVC na 250 ° C kubitandukanya XLPE.
I. Itandukaniro hagati yinsinga za XLPE ninsinga za PVC
1. Umugozi muto wa Voltage Yambukiranya (XLPE), kuva rwagati mu myaka ya za 90 rwagati, byagaragaye ko iterambere ryihuse, ubu rikaba rifite kimwe cya kabiri cyisoko hamwe ninsinga za Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Ugereranije ninsinga za PVC, insinga za XLPE zerekana ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi, imbaraga ziremereye, hamwe nigihe kirekire (PVC kabili yumuriro wumuriro ni imyaka 20 mubihe byiza, mugihe umugozi wa XLPE mubusanzwe ni imyaka 40). Iyo yaka, PVC irekura umwotsi mwinshi wumukara hamwe nubumara bwubumara, mugihe XLPE yaka ntabwo itanga imyuka ya halogene. Ubusumbane bwinsinga zahujwe nizindi ziramenyekana kubishushanyo mbonera no gusaba.
2. Umugozi usanzwe wa PVC (insulation na sheath) urashya vuba hamwe no gutwikwa byihuse, byongera umuriro. Batakaza ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi muminota 1 kugeza kuri 2. PVC yaka irekura umwotsi mwinshi wumukara, biganisha kubibazo byo guhumeka nibibazo byo kwimuka. Ikirenzeho, gutwika PVC kurekura imyuka yubumara kandi yangirika nka hydrogène chloride (HCl) na dioxyyine, nizo ntandaro nyamukuru zitera impfu zatewe n’umuriro (bingana na 80% by’impfu ziterwa n’umuriro). Iyi myuka yangirika ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi, bikabangamira cyane imikorere ya insulation kandi biganisha ku byago bya kabiri bigoye kubigabanya.
II. Umugozi wumuriro
. Icyiciro A gitanga imikorere ihanitse ya flame-retardant.
Ikigereranyo cyo gutwika igereranya ku nsinga za flame-retardant na non-flame-retardant insinga zakozwe n'ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi muri Amerika gishinzwe ubuziranenge n’ikoranabuhanga. Ibisubizo bikurikira birerekana akamaro ko gukoresha insinga za flame-retardant:
a. Flame-retardant insinga zitanga inshuro zirenga 15 igihe cyo guhunga ugereranije ninsinga zitari flame-retardant.
b. Flame-retardant insinga zitwika kimwe cya kabiri cyibikoresho nkibikoresho bitari flame-retardant.
c. Flame-retardant insinga zigaragaza igipimo cyo kurekura ubushyuhe kimwe cya kane cyicyuma kitari flame-retardant.
d. Ibyuka bihumanya bituruka ku gutwikwa ni kimwe cya gatatu gusa cyibicuruzwa bitarimo umuriro.
e. Imikorere yibyuka byumwotsi yerekana ko nta tandukaniro rinini riri hagati yibicuruzwa byaka umuriro n'ibicuruzwa bidafite umuriro.
2. Umugozi wa Halogen-Umuyoboro muto-Umwotsi
Intsinga ya Halogen idafite umwotsi muke igomba kuba ifite halogene, umwotsi muke, hamwe na flame-retardant, hamwe nibi bikurikira:
IEC 60754 (ikizamini kitarimo halogene) IEC 61034 (ikizamini cy'umwotsi muke)
Uburemere bwa PH buremereye Ntarengwa
PH≥4.3 r≤10us / mm T≥60%
3. Intsinga zirwanya umuriro
a. Ibipimo byo gupima umuriro wumuriro (ubushyuhe bwumuriro nigihe) ukurikije IEC 331-1970 ni 750 ° C mumasaha 3. Dukurikije umushinga mushya wa IEC 60331 uhereye ku majwi aherutse gutora IEC, ubushyuhe bw’umuriro buri hagati ya 750 ° C na 800 ° C mu masaha 3.
b. Intsinga n’insinga zidashobora kuzimya umuriro zishobora gushyirwa mu nsinga zidashobora gucana umuriro n’insinga zidashobora gucana umuriro zishingiye ku itandukaniro riri mu bikoresho bitari ibyuma. Intsinga zo mu rugo zirwanya umuriro cyane cyane zikoresha imiyoboro ya mika hamwe na flame-retardant insulation nk'imiterere yabyo nyamukuru, hamwe nibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa B. Iyujuje ubuziranenge bwo mu cyiciro cya A isanzwe ikoresha kaseti idasanzwe ya mika kaseti hamwe nubutaka bwamabuye y'agaciro (intoki z'umuringa, umuringa wumuringa, insuline ya magnesium, izwi kandi nka MI) insinga zidashobora kuzimya umuriro.
Intsinga irinda umuriro w’umuriro insinga ntishobora gukongoka, ntigatanga umwotsi, irwanya ruswa, idafite uburozi, irwanya ingaruka, kandi irwanya gutera amazi. Bazwi nkinsinga zidacana umuriro, zigaragaza imikorere idasanzwe yo kwirinda umuriro muburyo butandukanye bwumuriro. Nyamara, uburyo bwabo bwo gukora buragoye, ikiguzi cyacyo kiri hejuru, uburebure bwumusaruro ni buke, radiyo yunamye ni nini, izirinda ryayo irashobora kwanduzwa nubushuhe, kandi kuri ubu, ibicuruzwa byibanze gusa bya 25mm2 no hejuru birashobora gutangwa. Itumanaho ryabigenewe rihoraho hamwe nuhuza hagati birakenewe, bigatuma kwishyiriraho no kubaka bigoye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-07-2023