Ubudahangarwa bw'ibidukikije ni ingenzi mu gukoresha insinga kugira ngo zikore neza igihe kirekire, mu mutekano no mu buryo bwizewe. Insinga zikunze guhura n'ibihe bikomeye nko mu mazi/ubushuhe, imiti, imirasire ya UV, ubushyuhe bukabije, ndetse n'imbaraga za mekanike. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bifite ubudahangarwa bukwiye ku bidukikije ni ingenzi kugira ngo insinga zikomeze gukora neza kandi zongere igihe cyo kuzikoresha.
Iki gice kirasuzuma ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubudahangarwa bw'ibidukikije bukenewe mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'insinga.
Ikoti ryo hanze cyangwa agati k'inyuma kakora nk'umurongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi ku bidukikije. Akenshi gahura n'ibinyabutabire, amazi, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, n'imirasire ya UV. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu kwambara ikoti ryo hanze niPVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), PE (Polyethylene), naLSZH (Halogen y'umwotsi muke nta ruhu), buri kimwe gitanga urwego rutandukanye rwo kudakora bitewe n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa.
1. Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire, peteroli na hydrocarbon
Mu gihe cy'ishyirwaho ry'insinga ndetse n'igihe ikora, bishobora kubaho ku bintu birimo imiti, amavuta, cyangwa hydrocarbon, haba binyuze mu gusuka kw'ibintu ku buryo butunguranye cyangwa gukoranaho mu nganda. Uko gukwirakwira gushobora kwangiza igice cyo hanze cy'insinga, bigatera kwangirika, kubyimba, cyangwa gutakaza ubushobozi bwa mekanike.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya imiti ni ingenzi kugira ngo insinga ikomeze kuba nziza, ikora neza kandi yiringirwa mu buzima bwayo bwose.
Ubwoko bw'ibintu bihumanya ikirere:
Ibinyabutabire by’imyuka: Ibinyabutabire by’imyuka muri rusange bigira ingaruka nke kuri polimeri kuko bidacengera cyane mu bintu. Ariko, imyuka ikora nk’iy’imyuka nka chlorine cyangwa ozone ishobora kwangiza ubuso no kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya polimeri.
Imiti y'amazi: Imiti y'amazi ikunze kugira ibyago byinshi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwira mu bintu. Ibi bishobora gutera kubyimba, plasticization, cyangwa ingaruka z'imiti imbere muri polymer matrix, bigatera ingaruka mbi ku miterere ya mekanike n'amashanyarazi.
Imikorere y'ibikoresho:
PE (Polyethylene): Irwanya cyane imiti myinshi na hydrocarbon. Ikora neza mu bidukikije bya shimi muri rusange ariko ishobora kwanga ibintu bikomeye bigabanya ogisijeni.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Irwanya cyane amavuta, imiti, na hydrocarbon, cyane cyane iyo ikozwe mu nyongeramusaruro zikwiye zirwanya amavuta.
LSZH (Umwotsi Muke Zero Halogen): Itanga ubudahangarwa buri ku rugero ku binyabutabire n'amavuta. Ibinyabutabire bya LSZH byagenewe ahanini umutekano w'inkongi (bitanga umwotsi muke kandi uburozi buke mu gihe cyo gutwika). Ariko, imiterere yihariye ya LSZH ishobora gutuma habaho ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'amavuta n'imiti mu gihe bibaye ngombwa.
2. Kurwanya amazi n'ubushuhe
Insinga zikunze guhura n’amazi cyangwa ahantu hafite ubushuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo kuzishyiraho no mu gihe cyose zikora. Kuhura n’ubushuhe igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma insinga zirinda ubushuhe, kwangirika kw’ibice by’icyuma, no kugabanuka k’imikorere y’insinga muri rusange.
Kubwibyo, kwirinda amazi ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa byinshi bya insinga, cyane cyane mu bidukikije byo hanze, munsi y'ubutaka, cyangwa mu mazi.
Mu bikoresho bisanzwe byo kwambara, PE (Polyethylene) itanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza yo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire kugira ngo irinde ubushuhe bwinjira.
Insinga zifite Voltage nke n'iziciriritse zifite shelegi za LSZH cyangwa PVC muri rusange ntizisabwa gushyirwa ahantu hahora amazi menshi, nko mu butaka bw'ibumba cyangwa mu bice biri munsi y'amazi. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, shelegi za PE zirwanya cyane urujya n'uruza rw'amazi binyuze mu cyuma gikingira insinga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, insinga zifite shelegi za PE zikwiriye cyane ahantu hatose kandi zishobora kugera ku gihe cyazo cyuzuye.
Igishushanyo cy'insinga zidakoresha amazi:
Kugira ngo insinga zigere ku budahangarwa nyakuri bw'amazi, hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kurinda insinga:
Uburinzi bw'amazi aturuka ku mirasire:
Byagezweho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nk'ibyuma by'icyuma bikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa kaseti za laminated z'icyuma/icyuma zivanze na polymeri zabugenewe.
Uburinzi bw'amazi yo mu gihe kirekire:
Byagezweho hakoreshejwe kaseti cyangwa ifu zifunga amazi zibuza amazi kugenda ku burebure bw'insinga.
Igipimo cyo Kurinda Kwinjira (IP) n'icyiciro cya AD7/AD8:
Amakuru arambuye yerekeye ibyiciro byo kurinda IP n'amanota (nka AD7 cyangwa AD8) azasangizwa mu nkuru yihariye.
3. Ubudahangarwa bw'imirasire y'izuba
Gusobanukirwa no guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kwirinda ibidukikije mu gukoresha insinga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza, umutekano, no kwizerwa mu gihe kirekire. Ibintu nk'ibikomoka ku binyabutabire, amazi yinjira, imirasire ya UV, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku busugire bw'insinga mu gihe bitatekerejweho neza mu gihe cyo guhitamo ibikoresho.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo hanze bikwiye—byaba PVC, PE, cyangwa LSZH—hashingiwe ku miterere yihariye y’ibidukikije bishobora kongera cyane kuramba kw’insinga no kumara igihe zikora. Byongeye kandi, gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bukwiye bwo kuziba amazi no gusuzuma amanota ya IP birushaho gukomeza uburinzi bw’insinga mu bidukikije bigoye.
Mu gusuzuma neza izi nsinga zirwanya ibidukikije, sisitemu z'insinga zishobora kunozwa neza hakurikijwe ibyo zigenewe, zikagabanya ibyo zikenera mu kubungabunga, zikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika, kandi zigatuma imikorere yazo ikora neza mu gihe cyose ziteganijwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 27 Mata 2025