Insinga za fibre optique zo mu mazi zagenewe by'umwihariko ibidukikije byo mu nyanja, zitanga uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo buhamye kandi bwizewe. Ntabwo zikoreshwa gusa mu itumanaho ry'imbere mu bwato ahubwo zinakoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho ryo mu nyanja no mu kohereza amakuru ku mbuga za peteroli na gaze zo mu nyanja, zigira uruhare runini mu itumanaho rigezweho ryo mu nyanja. Kugira ngo ibikorwa byo mu nyanja bikomeze neza, insinga za fibre optique zo mu mazi zagenewe kuba zidashobora kumenwa n'amazi, zirinda igitutu, zirinda ingese, zikomeye mu buryo bwa mekanike, kandi zoroshye cyane.
Muri rusange, imiterere y'insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu mazi ikubiyemo nibura igice cy'umugozi, icyuma, urwego rw'ingabo, n'ikoti ryo hanze. Ku miterere cyangwa ikoreshwa ryihariye, insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu mazi zishobora kuvamo urwego rw'ingabo ahubwo zigakoresha ibikoresho bidashobora kwangirika cyangwa amakoti yihariye yo hanze. Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo bihuzwe n'ibidukikije bitandukanye, insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu mazi zishobora kandi kuba zirimo urwego rudashya, urwego rwo hagati/rwongera imbaraga, n'ibindi bintu bibuza amazi.
(1) Ishami ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Igice cy'umunyu ngugu ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'insinga z'umunyu ngugu zo mu mazi, zirimo umunyu ngugu umwe cyangwa myinshi.
Insinga z'urumuri ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'insinga, ubusanzwe kigizwe n'inkingi, igipfundikizo, n'igipfundikizo, gifite imiterere y'uruziga. Igice cy'ingenzi, gikozwe muri silica ifite isuku nyinshi, ni cyo gishinzwe kohereza ibimenyetso by'urumuri. Igipfundikizo, gikozwe kandi muri silica ifite isuku nyinshi, kizenguruka igice cy'imbere, gitanga ubuso bugaragara kandi bugatandukanya urumuri, ndetse n'uburinzi bw'imashini. Igipfundikizo, igice cy'inyuma cy'insinga, gikozwe mu bikoresho nka acrylate, silicone rubber, na nylon, birinda fibre ubushuhe n'ibyangiritse by'imashini.
Imiyoboro y'urumuri muri rusange igabanywamo imiyoboro y'uburyo bumwe (urugero, G.655, G652D) n'imiyoboro y'uburyo bwinshi (urugero, OM1-OM4), ifite imiterere itandukanye y'imikorere yo kohereza. Imiterere y'ingenzi yo kohereza irimo kugabanya cyane, bandwidth ntoya, igipimo cy'ikirahure cyiza, ingano y'umuvuduko, na coefficient ntarengwa yo gutatanya, ibi bikaba bigena imikorere n'intera yo kohereza ikimenyetso.
Imigozi izungurutswa n'imiyoboro ifunganye cyangwa irekuye kugira ngo igabanye ingaruka hagati y'imigozi n'ingaruka zo hanze y'ibidukikije. Imiterere y'agace k'imigozi ituma amakuru atangwa neza, bigatuma iba igice cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi cy'insinga z'imigozi y'amashanyarazi yo mu mazi.
(2) Ikiganza
Agace k'umugozi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'umugozi, urinda imigozi y'urumuri. Hashingiwe ku miterere yawo, ushobora kugabanywamo imiyoboro ikomeye y'umugozi n'imiyoboro y'umugozi irekuye.
Imiyoboro ikomeye ikoreshwa mu gufunga ikunze gukorwa mu bikoresho nka polypropylene resin (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), na polyethylene itagira umuriro itagira halogen (HFFR PE). Imiyoboro ikomeye ikoreshwa mu gufunga ifata neza ku buso bwa fibre, nta cyuho gikabije isigara, ibyo bigatuma fibre igenda. Ubu buryo butuma fibre irinda imiyoboro, bukarinda ubushuhe kwinjira kandi bugatanga imbaraga nyinshi mu ikoranabuhanga no kurwanya ingaruka zo hanze.
Imiyoboro idafite uburebure ikunze gukorwa mu buryo bufite moduli nyinshiPBTPlasitike, yuzuyemo gel ifunga amazi kugira ngo itange umusego n'uburinzi. Imiyoboro irekuye itanga ubushobozi bwo koroha no kudashyira igitutu ku ruhande. gel ifunga amazi ituma imiyoboro igenda neza mu muyoboro, bityo ikorohereza gukuramo fibre no kuyibungabunga. Itanga kandi uburinzi bwiyongereye ku kwangirika no kwinjira k'ubushuhe, igenzura umutekano n'umutekano w'insinga mu bidukikije bitose cyangwa munsi y'amazi.
(3) Urupapuro rw'Intwari
Urupapuro rw'ingabo ruri imbere mu ikoti ryo hanze kandi rutanga uburinzi bw'insinga, rukarinda kwangirika k'umubiri k'insinga ya optique yo mu mazi. Urupapuro rw'ingabo ubusanzwe rukozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gifunga insinga za optique (GSWB). Insinga zipfutse insinga zipfutse insinga za optique, ubusanzwe zifite igipimo cyo gutwikira kitari munsi ya 80%. Insinga zitanga uburinzi bwinshi cyane bwa optique n'imbaraga zo gukurura, mu gihe igishushanyo cy'insinga gitanga ubushobozi bwo koroha no gupfunyika gato (urupapuro rw'insinga za optique zo mu mazi ni 20D). Ibi bituma rukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba kugenda cyangwa gupfunyika kenshi. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya optique bitanga uburinzi bw'insinga, bigatuma rukoreshwa neza ahantu hakonje cyangwa haterwa umunyu.
(4) Ikoti ryo hanze
Ikoti ryo hanze ni urwego rwo kurinda imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu nyanja, rwagenewe kwihanganira izuba, imvura, isuri yo mu mazi yo mu nyanja, kwangirika k'ibinyabuzima, ingaruka ku mubiri, n'imirasire ya UV. Ikoti ryo hanze risanzwe rikozwe mu bikoresho birwanya ibidukikije nka polyvinyl chloride (PVC) na zero-halogen nkeya (LSZH) polyolefini, itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imirasire ya UV, kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya imiti, no kudakoresha umuriro. Ibi bituma insinga ikomeza kuba nziza kandi yizewe mu bihe bikomeye byo mu mazi. Kubera impamvu z'umutekano, insinga nyinshi za fibre optique zo mu mazi ubu zikoresha ibikoresho bya LSZH, nka LSZH-SHF1, LSZH-SHF2, na LSZH-SHF2 MUD. Ibikoresho bya LSZH bitanga umwotsi muke cyane kandi ntibigira halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nibindi), birinda imyuka ihumanya isohoka mu gihe cyo gutwika. Muri byo, LSZH-SHF1 niyo ikoreshwa cyane.
(5) Urwego rudacana umuriro
Mu bice by'ingenzi, kugira ngo sisitemu z'itumanaho zikomeze kandi zizewe (urugero, ku byerekeye inkongi z'umuriro, amatara, n'itumanaho mu gihe cy'impanuka), insinga zimwe na zimwe z'amazi zirimo urwego rudashya. Insinga zirekuye zikunze gusaba ko hongerwamo kaseti ya mica kugira ngo zongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya inkongi. Insinga zidashya zishobora kugumana ubushobozi bwo gutumanaho mu gihe runaka mu gihe cy'inkongi, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku mutekano w'ubwato.
(6) Gukomeza abanyamuryango
Kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga za mekanike z'insinga za optique zo mu mazi, ibyuma bikomeza imbaraga nk'insinga z'icyuma za fosfeti cyangwa pulasitiki ishyigikiwe na fibre (FRP) byongerwaho. Ibi byongera imbaraga z'insinga n'ubudahangarwa bw'umugozi, bikanatuma ingirabuzima fatizo zigumaho mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyikoresha. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho by'inyongera nk'ubudodo bwa aramid bishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo byongere imbaraga z'insinga n'ubudahangarwa bw'imiti.
(7) Kuvugurura imiterere y'inyubako
Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, imiterere n'ibikoresho by'insinga za fibre optique zo mu mazi bikomeje gutera imbere. Urugero, insinga z'imiyoboro yumye yose ikuraho jeli isanzwe ibuza amazi kandi ikoresha ibikoresho byumye bibuza amazi mu miyoboro yumye ndetse no mu gice cy'imbere cy'insinga, bitanga inyungu ku bidukikije, uburemere bworoshye, ndetse n'inyungu zidafite jeli. Urundi rugero ni ikoreshwa rya polyurethane elastomer (TPU) nk'ibikoresho byo hanze bya thermoplastic, bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amavuta, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya aside, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya alkali, uburemere bworoshye, n'ibikenewe mu mwanya muto. Ibi bishya bigaragaza iterambere rikomeje mu miterere y'insinga za fibre optique zo mu mazi.
(8) Incamake
Imiterere y'insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu mazi yita ku bintu byihariye bikenewe mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja, harimo kwirinda amazi, kurwanya umuvuduko w'amazi, kurwanya ingese, ndetse n'imbaraga za mekanike. Imikorere myiza no kwizerwa kw'insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu mazi bituma ziba igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwa none bwo gutumanaho mu mazi. Uko ikoranabuhanga ryo mu mazi ritera imbere, imiterere n'ibikoresho by'insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu mazi bikomeje gutera imbere kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse mu nyanja ndetse n'ibikenewe mu itumanaho rigoye kurushaho.
Ku bijyanye na ONE WORLD (OW Cable)
ONE WORLD (OW Cable) ni ikigo gikomeye ku isi gitanga ibikoresho fatizo byiza cyane ku nganda zikora insinga n'insinga. Ibicuruzwa byacu birimo pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu nsinga (FRP), ibikoresho bya LSZH (low-umotsi zero-halogen), polyethylene idacana umuriro (HFFR PE), n'ibindi bikoresho bigezweho byagenewe kuzuza ibisabwa bikomeye mu mikoreshereze ya none y'insinga. Dushingiye ku guhanga udushya, ireme, no kuramba, ONE WORLD (OW Cable) yabaye umufatanyabikorwa wizewe ku bakora insinga ku isi yose. Byaba ku nsinga za fibre optique zo mu mazi, insinga z'amashanyarazi, insinga z'itumanaho, cyangwa izindi porogaramu zihariye, dutanga ibikoresho fatizo n'ubuhanga bukenewe kugira ngo dukore neza kandi twizere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-14-2025