Ubuhanga mu nsinga zitagira amazi

1. Insinga idapfa amazi ni iki?
Insinga zishobora gukoreshwa mu mazi zizwi nka insinga z'amashanyarazi zirinda amazi (zidapfa amazi). Iyo insinga ishyizwe munsi y'amazi, akenshi yinjijwe mu mazi cyangwa ahantu hatose, insinga isabwa kugira akazi ko gukumira amazi (kwirinda), ni ukuvuga ko isabwa kugira akazi ko kwirinda amazi yose, kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yinjira mu nsinga, bigatera kwangirika k'insinga, no kwemeza ko insinga munsi y'amazi ikora neza igihe kirekire. Icyitegererezo cy'insinga zirinda amazi zikoreshwa cyane ni JHS, ikoreshwa mu nsinga zirinda amazi zikoresha intoki, insinga zirinda amazi zigabuwemo insinga zirinda amazi zigaburirwa amazi n'insinga za mudasobwa zirinda amazi, nibindi, kandi abahagarariye icyitegererezo ni FS-YJY, FS-DJYP3VP3.

2. Ubwoko bw'insinga zitagira amazi
(1). Ku nsinga zifite core imwe, fungakaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje amashanyarazi makeku gikingira cy'ubushyuhe, funga igisanzwekaseti yo kuziba amazihanze, hanyuma ukande agakoresho ko hanze, kugira ngo umenye neza ko agakoresho k'icyuma gakoranaho neza, funga gusa kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje amashanyarazi inyuma y'agakoresho ko gukingira, agakoresho ko gukingira amazi ntigakizinga kaseti ifunga amazi, bitewe n'urwego rw'imikorere idapfa amazi, kuzuza bishobora kuzuzwa n'agakoresho gasanzwe ko gukingiza amazi. Udukoresho tw'imbere n'agakoresho ko hanze ni bimwe n'ibyavuzwe mu mugozi umwe w'ingenzi.

(2). Agace ka plastike gapfundikiye ka aluminiyumu gapfunyitse mu buryo burambuye imbere mu gitereko cy'inyuma cyangwa mu gice cy'imbere cy'urukuta nk'urwego rudapfa amazi.

(3). Kuramo agace k'inyuma ka HDPE ku mugozi. Umugozi wa XLPE ushyushye hejuru ya 110kV ufite agace k'icyuma kugira ngo wuzuze ibisabwa kugira ngo amazi adapfa. Ubwirinzi bw'icyuma bufite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiramo neza kandi burwanya amazi neza. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'agace k'icyuma ni: agace ka aluminiyumu gashyushye gakase, agace k'icyuma gashyushye gakase, agace ka aluminiyumu gakase, agace k'icyuma gakase, agace k'icyuma gakonje gakase n'ibindi.

3. Insinga idapfa amazi imeze nk'umugozi udapfa amazi
Muri rusange bigabanyijemo kabiri: Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi buhagaze n'ubudahangarwa bw'amazi buhagaze. Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi buhagaze bukunze gukoreshwa muubudodo buzitira amazi, ifu y'amazi n'agatambaro ko kuziba amazi, uburyo bwo kurwanya amazi buri muri ibi bikoresho birimo amazi ashobora kwaguka, iyo amazi avuye ku mpera y'insinga cyangwa ava mu gitambaro yangiritse, ibi bikoresho bizakura vuba kugira ngo hirindwe ko insinga zikomeza gukwirakwira mu gihe cy'insinga, kugira ngo bigere ku ntego yo kudapfa amazi mu gihe cy'insinga. Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi bushingiye ku mirasire bugerwaho ahanini binyuze mu gusohora icyuma cya HDPE kidakoresha icyuma cyangwa gukanda gishyushye, gusudira no gukurura icyuma gikonje.

4. Gushyira mu byiciro insinga zitagira amazi
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'insinga zitagira amazi zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa:
(1). Insinga zirinda amazi zikoreshwa mu mpapuro z'amavuta ni zo zikunda cyane amazi. Utwuma twazo two gukingira amazi n'udukoresho tw'amashanyarazi twuzuyemo amavuta y'insinga, kandi hari ikoti ry'icyuma (ikoti ry'icyuma cyangwa ikoti rya aluminiyumu) ​​hanze y'insinga, ari na yo nsinga nziza zo kwirinda amazi. Mu bihe byashize, insinga nyinshi zo munsi y'amazi (cyangwa iziri munsi y'amazi) zakoreshaga insinga zirinda amavuta zikoreshwa mu mpapuro z'amavuta, ariko insinga zirinda amavuta zikoreshwa mu mpapuro z'amavuta zigabanuka bitewe n'igabanuka ry'amazi, hari ikibazo cyo kuva kw'amavuta, kandi kuyibungabunga ntibikunze kugorana, none ubu ikoreshwa gake cyane.

(2). Insinga ya ethylene propylene ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro yo mu mazi ifite voltage nke n'iciriritse, iterwa n'imikorere yayo myiza yo gukingira umuriro idahangayikishijwe n' "igiti cy'amazi". Insinga ya rubber idakoresha amazi (Type JHS) ishobora gukora neza mu mazi maremare igihe kirekire.

(3). Insinga y'amashanyarazi ihuza ibyuma bya polyethylene (XLPE) ikoreshwa mu gufunga kubera imiterere yayo myiza y'amashanyarazi, mekanike n'iy'umubiri, kandi inzira yo kuyikora ni iyoroshye, imiterere yoroheje, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibintu bwinshi, kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga biroroshye, ntabwo bigengwa n'igabanuka ry'amazi n'ibindi byiza, biba ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu gufunga, ariko cyane cyane iterwa n'ubushuhe, mu gukora no mu mikorere iyo insinga ifite amazi menshi, ishobora kwangirika cyane, bigatuma ubuzima bw'insinga bugabanuka cyane. Kubwibyo, insinga ihuza ibyuma bya polyethylene ikoreshwa mu gufunga, cyane cyane insinga ifite ingufu ziciriritse n'izikomeye zikoreshwa na voltage ya AC, igomba kugira "imiterere ifunga amazi" iyo ikoreshejwe mu mazi cyangwa ahantu hatose.

5. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'insinga idapfa amazi n'insinga isanzwe
Itandukaniro riri hagati y'insinga zitagira amazi n'insinga zisanzwe ni uko insinga zisanzwe zidashobora gukoreshwa mu mazi. Insinga zitagira amazi za JHS nazo ni ubwoko bw'insinga zikoresha icyuma gikingira umugozi, insinga zikingira umugozi ni insinga zikingira umugozi, naho insinga zisanzwe zikoresha icyuma gikingira umugozi, insinga zitagira amazi za JHS zikunze gukoreshwa, ariko ziba mu mazi cyangwa zimwe zizanyura mu mazi. Insinga zitagira amazi muri rusange ziba ari inkingi eshatu, nyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa iyo uhuza ipompo, igiciro cy'insinga zitagira amazi kizaba gihenze kurusha insinga zisanzwe zikoresha icyuma gikingira umugozi, biragoye gutandukanya niba amazi adapfa cyangwa asa, ugomba kugisha inama umugurisha kugira ngo umenye urwego rudapfa amazi.

6. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'insinga idapfa amazi n'insinga idapfa amazi
Insinga idapfa amazi: ibuza amazi kwinjira imbere mu nsinga, ikoresheje insinga n'ibikoresho bidapfa amazi.

Insinga ifunga amazi: Ikizamini cyemerera amazi kwinjira imbere mu nsinga, kandi nticyemerera kwinjira mu burebure bwagenwe mu bihe byagenwe. Insinga ifunga amazi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: insinga ifunga amazi mu buryo bw'umuyoboro n'insinga ifunga amazi mu buryo bw'ibanze.

Imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amazi ufunga amazi: kongeramo ifu ifunga amazi n'ubudodo bufunga amazi mu gihe cyo gufunga insinga imwe, iyo umuyoboro w'amazi winjiye mu mazi, ifu ifunga amazi cyangwa ubudodo bufunga amazi bikura hamwe n'amazi kugira ngo amazi adakwirakwira, birumvikana ko umuyoboro ukomeye ugira ubushobozi bwo gukumira amazi neza.

Imiterere y’inkingi y’amazi ifunga insinga: iyo igice cyo hanze cyangiritse amazi akinjira, insinga ifunga insinga irakura. Iyo insinga ifunga insinga ifunga insinga ikura, ihita ikora igice cyo kuziba insinga kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yongera kwinjira. Ku nsinga y’inkingi eshatu, biragoye cyane kugera ku rwego rusange rw’insinga, kuko icyuho cyo hagati cy’inkingi y’inkingi eshatu ari kinini kandi kidahuye, nubwo ikoreshwa ry’insinga y’amazi ryuzuye, ingaruka zo kwirinda amazi ntiziba nziza, ni byiza ko buri nsinga ikorwa hakurikijwe imiterere y’insinga imwe ifunga insinga, hanyuma insinga igakorwa.