1 Intangiriro
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho mumyaka icumi ishize cyangwa irenga, murwego rwo gukoresha insinga za fibre optique rwagutse. Nkuko ibidukikije bisabwa insinga za fibre optique bikomeje kwiyongera, niko n'ibisabwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwibikoresho bikoreshwa mu nsinga za fibre optique. Fibre optique ya kabili amazi yo guhagarika amazi ni ibintu bisanzwe bifunga amazi bikoreshwa munganda ya fibre optique, uruhare rwo gufunga, kutirinda amazi, ubushuhe no kurinda buffer mumashanyarazi ya fibre optique yaramenyekanye cyane, kandi ubwoko bwayo nibikorwa byayo byakomeje. yatezimbere kandi itunganijwe hamwe niterambere rya fibre optique. Mu myaka yashize, imiterere "yumye" yinjijwe mumashanyarazi. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho byamazi yabugenewe mubisanzwe ni urusobekerane rwa kaseti, umugozi cyangwa igipfundikizo kugirango wirinde ko amazi yinjira mumurongo wa kabili. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwakirwa rya fibre optique ya fibre optique, ibikoresho byumye bya fibre optique ya fibre optique irasimbuza byihuse peteroli gakondo ya peteroli ishingiye kuri kabili yuzuye. Ibikoresho byumye byifashisha polymer ikurura amazi vuba kugirango ikore hydrogel, irabyimba kandi yuzuza imiyoboro yinjira mumazi ya kabili. Byongeye kandi, nkibikoresho byumye bitarimo amavuta yiziritse, ntahanagura, umusemburo cyangwa isuku birasabwa gutegura umugozi wo gutera, kandi igihe cyo gutera insinga kiragabanuka cyane. Uburemere bworoheje bwumugozi hamwe no gufatana neza hagati yimyenda yinyuma yinyuma hamwe nicyatsi ntigabanuka, bigatuma ihitamo gukundwa.
2 Ingaruka zamazi kuri kabili nuburyo bwo kurwanya amazi
Impamvu nyamukuru ituma ingamba zitandukanye zo guhagarika amazi zigomba gufatwa nuko amazi yinjira mumigozi azabora muri hydrogène na O H- ion, ibyo bikaba byongera igihombo cyo kwanduza fibre optique, kugabanya imikorere ya fibre no kugabanya ubuzima bwa kabili. Ingamba zikunze gukumira amazi ni ukuzuza amavuta ya peteroli no kongeramo kaseti ifunga amazi, yuzuzwa icyuho kiri hagati y’umugozi n’icyatsi kugira ngo amazi n’ubushuhe bidakwirakwira, bityo bikagira uruhare mu guhagarika amazi.
Iyo insimburangingo ikoreshwa muburyo bwinshi nka insulator mu nsinga za fibre optique (ubanza mu nsinga), ibyo bikoresho byikingira nabyo ntibikingira kwinjira mumazi. Ishirwaho ry "ibiti byamazi" mubikoresho byikingira nimpamvu nyamukuru itera ingaruka kumikorere. Uburyo ibikoresho byifashishwa byangiza ibiti byibiti byamazi bisobanurwa gutya: kubera umurima wamashanyarazi ukomeye (ikindi gitekerezo nuko imiterere yimiti ya resin ihindurwa no gusohora intege nke za electroni yihuta), molekile zamazi zirinjira unyuze mumibare itandukanye ya micro-pores igaragara mubikoresho byo gukata fibre optique. Molekile y'amazi izinjira mu mubare utandukanye wa mikorobe itandukanye mu bikoresho by'icyuma, ikora “ibiti by'amazi”, igenda yegeranya amazi menshi kandi ikwirakwira mu cyerekezo kirekire cy'umugozi, kandi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umugozi. Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga, hagati yimyaka ya za 1980, kugirango tubone uburyo bwo gukuraho uburyo bwiza bwo kubyara ibiti byamazi, ni ukuvuga mbere yo gukuramo insinga zipfunyitse murwego rwo kwinjiza amazi no kwagura inzitizi yamazi kugirango ibuze. no gutinda gukura kw'ibiti by'amazi, guhagarika amazi mu mugozi imbere ukwirakwira; icyarimwe, kubera kwangirika hanze no kwinjira mumazi, inzitizi yamazi irashobora kandi guhagarika amazi byihuse, ntabwo ari ugukwirakwiza kwagateganyo.
3 Incamake ya bariyeri y'amazi
3. Gutondekanya inzitizi zamazi ya fibre optique
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gutondekanya inzitizi zamazi ya optique, zishobora gutondekwa ukurikije imiterere, ubwiza nubunini. Muri rusange, barashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bakurikije imiterere yabyo: ikibanza cyamazi cyometse kumpande ebyiri, amazi yimbere hamwe namazi ya firime. Imikorere ya barrière yamazi ya barrière yamazi ahanini iterwa nibikoresho byinshi byo kwinjiza amazi (bita barrière yamazi), bishobora kubyimba vuba nyuma yuko bariyeri yamazi ihuye namazi, igakora ubwinshi bwa gel (inzitizi yamazi irashobora gukurura inshuro magana amazi kuruta ubwayo), bityo bikabuza gukura kw'igiti cy'amazi no gukumira gukomeza kwinjira no gukwirakwiza amazi. Ibi birimo polysaccharide isanzwe na chimique yahinduwe.
Nubwo aya mazi asanzwe cyangwa igice-kibuza amazi afite imiterere myiza, afite ibibi bibiri byica:
1) zirashobora kubora kandi 2) zirashya cyane. Ibi bituma badashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho bya fibre optique. Ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho byogukora mumazi birwanya polyacrylates, bishobora gukoreshwa nkamazi arwanya insinga za optique kuko zujuje ibyangombwa bikurikira: 1) iyo byumye, birashobora kurwanya imihangayiko iterwa mugihe cyo gukora insinga za optique;
2) iyo byumye, birashobora kwihanganira imikorere yinsinga za optique (gusiganwa ku magare yubushyuhe kuva ubushyuhe bwicyumba kugeza kuri 90 ° C) bitagize ingaruka kubuzima bwumugozi, kandi birashobora no kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe gito;
3) iyo amazi yinjiye, arashobora kubyimba vuba agakora gel ifite umuvuduko wo kwaguka.
4) kubyara gel igaragara cyane, ndetse no mubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubwiza bwa gel burahagaze mugihe kirekire.
Synthesis yimiti yamazi irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa gakondo bwa chimique - uburyo bwo guhinduranya icyiciro (uburyo-bw-amavuta-polymerisiyonike uburyo bwo guhuza), uburyo bwabo bwite bwo guhuza polymerisation - uburyo bwa disiki, uburyo bwo kurasa - “cobalt 60” γ -uburyo. Uburyo bwambukiranya bushingiye ku buryo bwa "cobalt 60" γ-imirasire. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusanisha bufite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye za polymerisation no guhuza hamwe bityo rero ibisabwa cyane kubikoresho byo guhagarika amazi bisabwa muri kasete zifunga amazi. Gusa polyacrylates ni nkeya zishobora kuzuza ibisabwa bine byavuzwe haruguru, ukurikije uburambe bufatika, ibintu bifunga amazi (resin ikurura amazi) ntibishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo kubice bimwe bigize sodium polyacrylate ihuza imipaka, bigomba gukoreshwa muri a uburyo bwinshi-polymer bwambukiranya uburyo (nukuvuga ibice bitandukanye byumusemburo wa sodium polyacrylate uvanze) kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kwihuta kwinshi kandi kwinshi kwinjiza amazi. Ibisabwa by'ibanze ni: kwinjiza amazi menshi birashobora kugera ku nshuro 400, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi gishobora kugera ku munota wa mbere kugira ngo gikure 75% by'amazi yakiriwe n'amazi arwanya; amazi arwanya gukama ubushyuhe bwumuriro: ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwa 90 ° C, ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwakazi bwa 160 ° C, ubushyuhe bwihuse bwa 230 ° C (cyane cyane mubyuma bifata amashanyarazi hamwe nibyuma byamashanyarazi); kwinjiza amazi nyuma yo gushiraho ibyifuzo bya gel bikenerwa: nyuma yubushyuhe bwinshi (20 ° C ~ 95 ° C) Guhagarara kwa gel nyuma yo kwinjiza amazi bisaba: gel viscosity gel hamwe nimbaraga za gel nyuma yizuba ryinshi (20 ° C kugeza 95 ° C). Ihinduka rya gel riratandukanye cyane bitewe nuburyo bwa synthesis hamwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa nuwabikoze. Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo byihuse umuvuduko wo kwaguka, ibyiza, ibicuruzwa bimwe bikurikirana uruhande rumwe rukurikirana umuvuduko, gukoresha inyongeramusaruro ntabwo bifasha umutekano wa hydrogel, kwangiza ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi, ariko ntibigere ku ngaruka za kurwanya amazi.
3 ibisabwa ni ibi bikurikira:
1) gukwirakwiza fibre igaragara, ibikoresho bitarimo gusiba na poro, hamwe nimbaraga runaka yubukanishi, bikwiranye nibyifuzo bya kabili;
2) imyenda imwe, isubirwamo, ihamye, muburyo bwo gukora umugozi ntuzasibanganywa kandi utange umusaruro
3) umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwaguka, kwihuta kwaguka, guhagarara neza kwa gel;
4) ituze ryiza ryumuriro, rikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bukurikira;
5) imiti myinshi ihamye, ntabwo irimo ibintu byose byangirika, birwanya bagiteri ndetse nisuri yibumba;
6) guhuza neza nibindi bikoresho bya kabili optique, kurwanya okiside, nibindi.
4 Amashanyarazi meza ya barrière yimikorere
Umubare munini wubushakashatsi werekana ko kutarwanya amazi kutujuje ubuziranenge bwigihe kirekire cyimikorere yohereza insinga bizatanga ingaruka mbi. Ibi byangiritse, mubikorwa byo gukora no kugenzura uruganda rwa fibre fibre optique biragoye kubibona, ariko bizagenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro mugikorwa cyo gushyira umugozi nyuma yo gukoreshwa. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryihuse ryibipimo byuzuye kandi byukuri, kugirango tubone urufatiro rwo gusuzuma impande zose zishobora kubyemera, byabaye umurimo wihutirwa. Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwumwanditsi, ubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi ku mukandara uhagarika amazi byatanze umusingi uhagije wa tekiniki yo guteza imbere ibipimo bya tekiniki kumukandara uhagarika amazi. Menya imikorere yimikorere ya barrière yamazi ukurikije ibi bikurikira:
1) ibisabwa bya kabili ya optique ya waterstop (cyane cyane ibisabwa nibikoresho bya optique muburyo bwa kabili optique);
2) uburambe mu gukora no gukoresha inzitizi z’amazi na raporo y'ibizamini bijyanye;
3) ibisubizo byubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ziranga kaseti zifunga amazi ku mikorere ya fibre optique.
4. Kugaragara
Kugaragara kaseti ya barrière y'amazi igomba gukwirakwizwa fibre; ubuso bugomba kuba buringaniye kandi butarimo inkari, imitsi n'amarira; ntihakagombye gutandukana mubugari bwa kaseti; ibikoresho byose bigomba kuba bitarangijwe; kaseti igomba gukomeretsa cyane kandi impande za kaseti zifatishijwe intoki zigomba kuba zidafite "imiterere yingofero".
4.2 Imbaraga zumukanishi wamazi
Imbaraga zingutu zamazi ahagarara biterwa nuburyo bwo gukora polyester idoda, mugihe kimwe, umubare wa viscose uruta uburyo bushyushye bwo kubyara ibicuruzwa imbaraga zingana, ubunini nabwo bworoshye. Imbaraga zingana za kaseti ya barrière y'amazi iratandukana ukurikije uburyo umugozi uzengurutswe cyangwa uzengurutse umugozi.
Iki nikimenyetso cyingenzi kubibiri bibiri bifunga amazi, kuburyo uburyo bwo kwipimisha bugomba guhuzwa nigikoresho, amazi hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima. Ibikoresho nyamukuru bifunga amazi muri kaseti ifunga amazi ni igice kimwe gihuza sodium polyacrylate hamwe n’ibiyikomokaho, byumva imiterere n’imiterere y’ibisabwa by’amazi, kugira ngo bihuze igipimo cy’uburebure bw’amazi- guhagarika kaseti, gukoresha amazi ya deionised bizatsinda (amazi yatoboye akoreshwa mubukemurampaka), kubera ko nta kintu cya anionic na cationic kiri mumazi ya deionion, akaba ari amazi meza. Kugwiza kwinshi kwamazi yo gufata amazi mumiterere atandukanye yamazi aratandukanye cyane, niba kugwiza kwinjiza mumazi meza ari 100% byagaciro kizina; mumazi ya robine ni 40% kugeza 60% (ukurikije ubwiza bwamazi ya buri mwanya); mu nyanja ni 12%; amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka cyangwa amazi yo mu muyoboro araruhije, biragoye kumenya ijanisha ryinjira, kandi agaciro kayo kazaba gake cyane. Kugirango umenye neza inzitizi zamazi nubuzima bwumugozi, nibyiza gukoresha kaseti ya barrière yamazi ifite uburebure bwa> 10mm.
4.3 Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi
Muri rusange, insinga ya optique ntabwo ikubiyemo ihererekanyabubasha ryamashanyarazi yumuringa wicyuma, ntugire uruhare rero mugukoresha kaseti y'amazi arwanya igice, 33 gusa Wang Qiang, nibindi.: Kaseti ya optique yo kurwanya amazi
Umuyoboro wamashanyarazi mbere yuko habaho ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi, ibisabwa byihariye ukurikije imiterere ya kabili n'amasezerano.
4. Imikorere ya kaseti ifunga amazi ntigomba guhinduka nyuma yigihe cyagenwe kuri ubu bushyuhe.
Imbaraga za gel zigomba kuba ikintu cyingenzi kiranga ibintu byinjira, mugihe igipimo cyo kwaguka gikoreshwa gusa kugabanya uburebure bwamazi yambere yinjira (munsi ya m 1). Ibikoresho byiza byo kwaguka bigomba kugira igipimo cyiza cyo kwaguka no kwiyegereza cyane. Ibikoresho bibi byamazi, nubwo bifite umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubukonje buke, bizagira imiterere mibi yamazi. Ibi birashobora kugeragezwa ugereranije numubare wubushyuhe bwumuriro. Mugihe cya hydrolytike, gel izacika mumazi make ya viscosity azangiza ubuziranenge bwayo. Ibi bigerwaho no gukurura amazi meza arimo ifu yabyimbye kuri 2 h. Gele yavuyemo noneho itandukanijwe namazi arenze igashyirwa muri viscometer izunguruka kugirango bapime ubukonje mbere na nyuma ya 24h kuri 95 ° C. Itandukaniro muri gel ihamye irashobora kugaragara. Ubusanzwe bikorwa mubizunguruka bya 8h kuva 20 ° C kugeza 95 ° C na 8h kuva 95 ° C kugeza 20 ° C. Ibipimo byubudage bireba bisaba inzinguzingo 126 za 8h.
4. Nkuko guhuza bifata igihe kirekire kugirango bigaragare, hagomba gukoreshwa ikizamini cyihuse cyo gusaza, ni ukuvuga urugero rwibikoresho bya kabili byahanaguwe neza, bigapfundikirwa hamwe na kaseti yumye irwanya amazi kandi bikabikwa mu cyumba gihoraho cy'ubushyuhe kuri 100 ° C kuri 10 iminsi, nyuma yubuziranenge bupimwe. Imbaraga zingana no kurambura ibikoresho ntibigomba guhinduka hejuru ya 20% nyuma yikizamini.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-22-2022