Mu iyubakwa ry'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo mu nganda, guhitamo ubwoko butari bwo bwa "kabili ya voltage nini" cyangwa "insinga ntoya" birashobora gutuma ibikoresho bidahomba, umuriro w'amashanyarazi, ndetse no guhagarika umusaruro, cyangwa n'impanuka z'umutekano mu bihe bikomeye. Nyamara, abantu benshi basobanukiwe gusa nuburyo butandukanye bwuburyo butandukanye hagati yabyo kandi akenshi bahitamo bashingiye kuburambe cyangwa "kuzigama amafaranga" ", biganisha kumakosa menshi. Guhitamo umugozi utari wo ntibishobora gutera gusa imikorere mibi yibikoresho ahubwo binatera ingaruka mbi kumutekano. Uyu munsi, reka tuganire kubitandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yabo n" imitego 3 "ugomba kwirinda mugihe cyo gutoranya.
1. Isesengura ryuburyo: Umuyoboro mwinshi-Umuyoboro muto
Abantu benshi batekereza, "insinga nini cyane zifite insinga nini cyane," ariko mubyukuri, ibishushanyo mbonera byabo bifite itandukaniro ryibanze, kandi buri cyiciro cyahujwe neza nurwego rwa voltage. Kugira ngo wumve itandukaniro, tangira usobanura ibisobanuro bya "voltage nini" na "voltage nkeya":
Intsinga ya voltage ntoya: Umuvuduko ukabije ≤ 1 kV (mubisanzwe 0,6 / 1 kV), ukoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza inyubako nibikoresho bito bitanga amashanyarazi;
Intsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi: Umuvuduko ukabije ≥ 1 kV (mubisanzwe 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), ukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, insimburangingo, nibikoresho binini byinganda.
(1) Umuyobozi: Ntabwo ari "Umubyimba" ahubwo "Ibintu Byera"
Imiyoboro ya voltage ntoya isanzwe ikozwe mu nsinga nziza z'umuringa (urugero, imirongo 19 mu nsinga za BV), cyane cyane kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa "ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu";
Imiyoboro ya voltage nini cyane, nubwo nayo y'umuringa cyangwa aluminiyumu, ifite isuku ryinshi (≥99.95%) kandi igakoresha uburyo bwa "compact round stranding" (kugabanya icyuho) kugirango igabanye imbaraga z'umuyoboro kandi bigabanye "ingaruka zuruhu" munsi ya voltage nini (yibanda kumashanyarazi, bitera ubushyuhe).
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Umuyoboro muke wa voltage ntoya iringaniye cyane (urugero, 0,6 / 1 kV insimburangingo ya kabili ~ 3,4 mm), cyane cyane PVC cyangwaXLPE, cyane cyane gukorera "gutandukanya umuyobozi uva hanze";
Imiyoboro ya insinga nini cyane ifite umubyimba mwinshi (6 kV ya kabili ~ 10 mm, 110 kV kugeza kuri mm 20) kandi igomba gutsinda ibizamini bikomeye nka "amashanyarazi yumuriro uhangana na voltage" na "inkuba ihangana na voltage." Icy'ingenzi cyane, insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zongeramo kaseti zifunga amazi hamwe nigice cya kabiri cyayobora muri insulation:
Kaseti ifunga amazi: Irinda kwinjira mu mazi (ubuhehere buri munsi y’umuvuduko mwinshi urashobora gutera “gutera ibiti,” bigatuma habaho kwangirika);
Igice cya Semi-kiyobora: Iremeza gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi amwe (birinda umurima waho, bishobora gutera gusohoka).
Ibyatanzwe: Igice cya insulasiyo kigizwe na 40% -50% byigiciro cyumubyigano mwinshi (15% -20% gusa kuri voltage nkeya), nimpamvu nyamukuru ituma insinga za voltage nyinshi zihenze cyane.
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Intsinga ya voltage ntoya muri rusange ntigira urwego rukingira (usibye insinga zerekana ibimenyetso), hamwe namakoti yo hanze ahanini PVC cyangwa polyethylene;
Umugozi wa voltage mwinshi (cyane cyane ≥6 kV) ugomba kuba ufite ibyuma bikingira (urugero,kaseti y'umuringa, umuringa umuringa) hamwe nicyuma (urugero, icyuma cyitwa gurş, icyuma cya aluminiyumu):
Gukingira ibyuma: Kubuza umurima mwinshi wa voltage murwego rwo kubika, kugabanya interineti ya elegitoroniki (EMI), kandi itanga inzira yikosa;
Icyuma cyuma: Yongera imbaraga zumukanishi (tensile and crush resistance) kandi ikora nk "ingabo ikingira," bikagabanya ubukana bwumurima.
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Ikoti ya kabili ya voltage ntoya cyane cyane irinda kwambara no kwangirika;
Ikoti ya voltage nini cyane igomba kurwanya amavuta, ubukonje, ozone, nibindi (urugero, PVC + inyongeramusaruro irwanya ikirere). Porogaramu zidasanzwe (urugero, insinga zo mumazi) zirashobora kandi gusaba intwaro zicyuma (kurwanya umuvuduko wamazi hamwe nihungabana ryinshi).
2. 3 Urufunguzo "Imitego" kugirango wirinde muguhitamo insinga
Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryimiterere, ugomba kandi kwirinda iyi "mitego ihishe" mugihe cyo gutoranya; bitabaye ibyo, ibiciro birashobora kwiyongera, cyangwa ibibazo byumutekano birashobora kubaho.
(1) Gukurikirana buhumyi "Urwego Rukuru" cyangwa "Igiciro gihenze"
Imyumvire itari yo: Bamwe batekereza "gukoresha insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi aho gukoresha ingufu nkeya ni byiza," cyangwa bagakoresha insinga nkeya kugirango babike amafaranga.
Ingaruka: insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zirahenze cyane; guhitamo bitari ngombwa guhitamo imbaraga byongera ingengo yimari. Gukoresha insinga nke za voltage mumashanyarazi menshi birashobora guhagarika ako kanya, bigatera imiyoboro migufi, umuriro, cyangwa abakozi babangamira.
Uburyo bukwiye: Hitamo ukurikije urwego rwa voltage nyayo nibisabwa ingufu, urugero, amashanyarazi yo murugo (220V / 380V) akoresha insinga zidafite ingufu nkeya, moteri yinganda nini cyane (10 kV) igomba guhuza insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi - ntizigera "kumanura" cyangwa "kuzamura" buhumyi.
(2) Kwirengagiza "Ibyangiritse Byihishe" Biturutse Ibidukikije
Imyumvire itari yo: Gusa tekereza kuri voltage, wirengagize ibidukikije, urugero, ukoresheje insinga zisanzwe mubihe bitose, ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa imiti yangiza.
Ingaruka: insinga z'umuvuduko mwinshi mubidukikije bitose hamwe n'ingabo cyangwa ikoti byangiritse birashobora gusaza izuba ryinshi; insinga nke za voltage mubice byubushyuhe bwo hejuru (urugero, ibyumba byo gutekamo) birashobora koroshya bikananirana.
Uburyo bukwiye: Sobanura neza uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho - insinga zintwaro zo gushyingura, insinga zidafite amazi zidafite amazi yo mumazi, ibikoresho byapimwe ubushyuhe bwinshi (XLPE ≥90 ℃) kubidukikije bishyushye, amakoti adashobora kwangirika mubihingwa byimiti.
(3) Kwirengagiza guhuza kwa "Ubushobozi-Bwitwaza Ubushobozi nuburyo bwo Gushyira"
Imyumvire itari yo: Gusa wibande kurwego rwa voltage, wirengagize ubushobozi bwumurongo wa kabili (ntarengwa byemewe) cyangwa kurenza-compress / kugoreka mugihe cyo gushira.
Ingaruka: Ubushobozi budahagije butera ubushyuhe kandi byihutisha gusaza; radiyo idakwiye ya radiyo yumurongo wa voltage mwinshi (urugero, gukurura cyane, kugonda cyane) birashobora kwangiza gukingira no gukingirwa, bigatera ingaruka zo gusenyuka.
Uburyo bukwiye: Hitamo insinga zisobanutse zishingiye kubarwa nyirizina (tekereza gutangira ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije); gukurikiza byimazeyo ibyifuzo bya radiyo mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho (umuyagankuba mwinshi wumurongo wa radiyo usanzwe ≥15 × umuyoboro winyuma wa diameter), irinde kwikuramo izuba.
3. Wibuke 3 "Amategeko ya Zahabu" kugirango wirinde imitego yo guhitamo
(1) Reba Imiterere Kurwanya Umuvuduko:
Umuyoboro mwinshi wa insinga hamwe no gukingira ibice ni ingenzi; insinga nke za voltage ntisaba kurenza urugero.
(2) Huza amanota akwiye:
Umuvuduko, imbaraga, nibidukikije bigomba guhura; ntuzamure buhumyi cyangwa ngo umanure.
(3) Kugenzura Ibisobanuro birambuye Kubipimo:
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, radiyo yunamye, nurwego rwo kurinda bigomba gukurikiza amahame yigihugu - ntukishingikirize kuburambe gusa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-29-2025