Uburyo bwo gukora polyethylene n'ubwoko bwayo
(1) Polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke (LDPE)
Iyo ingano nto ya ogisijeni cyangwa peroxide zongewemo nk'ibitangizi kuri ethylene yuzuye, igashyirwa kuri 202.6 kPa, igashyuha kugeza kuri 200°C, ethylene ihinduka polyethylene yera kandi isa n'ibishishwa. Ubu buryo bukunze kwitwa inzira yo gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi bitewe n'imiterere y'imikorere. Polyethylene ivamo ifite ubucucike bwa 0.915–0.930 g/cm³ n'uburemere bwa molekile buri hagati ya 15.000 na 40.000. Imiterere ya molekile yayo ifite amashami menshi kandi irekuye, isa n'imiterere "imeze nk'igiti", ituma ubucucike bwayo buba buke, bityo ikitwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke.
(2) Polyethylene y'ubucucike buringaniye (MDPE)
Uburyo bwo gushyushya hagati busaba gukora polimeri ya ethylene munsi y’ikirere cya 30-100 hakoreshejwe katalisiti z’icyuma. Polyethylene ivamo ifite ubucucike bwa 0.931–0.940 g/cm³. MDPE ishobora kandi gukorwa hakoreshejwe kuvanga polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) na LDPE cyangwa binyuze muri copolymerization ya ethylene hamwe na comonomers nka butene, vinyl acetate, cyangwa acrylates.
(3) Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE)
Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko bisanzwe, ethylene ikorwa polimeri hakoreshejwe catalysts zikora neza cyane (ibinyabutabire bya organometallic bigizwe na alkylaluminum na titanium tetrachloride). Bitewe n’imikorere myinshi ya catalytic, reaction ya polimeri ishobora kurangira vuba ku muvuduko muto (0–10 atm) n’ubushyuhe buri hasi (60–75°C), bityo ikitwa inzira yo kugabanya umuvuduko. Polyethylene ivamo ifite imiterere ya molekile idafatana, ikagira uruhare mu gutuma iba nyinshi (0.941–0.965 g/cm³). Ugereranyije na LDPE, HDPE igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, imiterere ya mekanike, no kurwanya imihangayiko mu bidukikije.
Imiterere ya Polyethylene
Polyethylene ni plastiki isa n'amata, isa n'ibishashara, ibonerana gato, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza byo gukingira no gutwikira insinga n'insinga. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi birimo:
(1) Imiterere myiza y'amashanyarazi: ubushobozi bwo gukingira cyane n'imbaraga za dielectric; ubushobozi buke bwo gutakaza dielectric (tanδ) mu ntera nini y'ingufu, hamwe n'uburyo frequency igenda igabanuka, bigatuma iba dielectric nziza cyane ku nsinga z'itumanaho.
(2) Imiterere myiza ya mekanike: yoroshye ariko ikomeye, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire myiza.
(3) Ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku gusaza kw'ubushyuhe, kudakomera mu bushyuhe buke, no kudahinduka mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire.
(4) Ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'amazi hamwe n'ubushuhe buke; ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe muri rusange ntibugabanuka iyo bwinjijwe mu mazi.
(5) Nk'ibikoresho bitari polari, bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kuvomerera umwuka mwinshi, aho LDPE ari yo ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvomerera umwuka mwinshi kurusha izindi pulasitiki.
(6) Uburemere buke bwihariye, bwose buri munsi ya 1. LDPE igaragara cyane cyane kuri 0.92 g/cm³, mu gihe HDPE, nubwo ifite ubucucike bwinshi, iri hafi 0.94 g/cm³ gusa.
(7) Imiterere myiza yo gutunganya: byoroshye gushonga no guhindura plastike nta kubora, bikonja byoroshye kumera neza, kandi bigatuma habaho kugenzura neza imiterere n'ingano by'ibicuruzwa.
(8) Insinga zikozwe muri polyethylene ziraremereye, zoroshye gushyiraho, kandi zoroshye kuzihagarika. Ariko, polyethylene ifite kandi ingaruka mbi nyinshi: ubushyuhe buke bworoshye; gushya, gutanga impumuro isa na parafini iyo itwitswe; kudahangana n'ibidukikije no kudacika intege. Hakenewe kwitabwaho cyane iyo ukoresha polyethylene nk'ubushyuhe cyangwa icyuma gikingira insinga zo munsi y'amazi cyangwa insinga zishyizwe mu mazi arambuye.
Plasitiki ya Polyethylene yo gukoresha insinga n'insinga
(1) Imashini ya Polyethylene yo gukingira ubwikorezi igamije inyungu rusange
Igizwe gusa na polyethylene resin na antioxydants.
(2) Plasitike ya Polyethylene irwanya ikirere
Igizwe ahanini na polyethylene resin, antioxydants, na karuboni black. Ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere buterwa n'ingano y'uduce, ingano, n'ikwirakwira ry'umukara wa karuboni.
(3) Ipulasitiki ya Polyethylene irwanya stress-scatters ku bidukikije
Ikoresha polyethylene ifite igipimo cy'amazi ashongeshwa kiri munsi ya 0.3 n'uburemere buto bw'ibinyabutabire. Polyethylene ishobora kandi guhuzwa hakoreshejwe imirasire cyangwa uburyo bwa chimique.
(4) Imashini ya Polyethylene irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi
Gukingira insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi bisaba plastiki ya polyethylene isukuye cyane, ikongerwamo ibikoresho bigabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikoresho byihariye byo gukuramo umwuka kugira ngo birinde ko ibintu bihinduka, bihagarike isohoka rya resin, kandi binoze uburyo bwo kurwanya arc, kurwanya isuri y'amashanyarazi, no kurwanya corona.
(5) Plasitike ya Polyethylene ikora buhoro buhoro
Bikorwa no kongeramo umukara wa karuboni uyobora amashanyarazi kuri polyethylene, ubusanzwe hakoreshejwe uduce duto tw’umukara wa karuboni ufite imiterere miremire.
(6) Thermoplastic Low-Smoke Zero-Halogen (LSZH) Polyolefin Cable Compound
Iyi mvange ikoresha resine ya polyethylene nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, irimo ibintu bigabanya umuriro bidakoresha halogen, ibintu bigabanya umwotsi, ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, imiti yica udukoko, n'ibindi bisiga irangi, bitunganywa binyuze mu kuvanga, gushyira mu pulasitiki no gushyira mu mavuta.
Polyethylene ifatanye (XLPE)
Binyuze mu bikorwa by'imirasire ifite ingufu nyinshi cyangwa ibyuma bihuza, imiterere ya molekile ya polyethylene ihinduka imiterere y'ibice bitatu (urusobe rw'imiyoboro), igahindura ibikoresho bya thermoplastic mo thermoset. Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'ubushyuhe,XLPEishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buhoraho bwo gukora kugeza kuri 90°C n'ubushyuhe bwa "short-circuit" bwa 170–250°C. Uburyo bwo guhuza burimo guhuza imiterere n'imiti. Guhuza imirasire ni uburyo busanzwe, mu gihe uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza imiterere ni DCP (dicumyl peroxide).
Igihe cyo kohereza: 10 Mata 2025