Sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zigezweho zishingira ku mikoranire hagati y'ibikoresho bitandukanye, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo mu mpande. Byaba ibyohereza ingufu cyangwa ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi, insinga ni inkingi y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, bigatuma ziba igice cy'ingenzi cy'imiyoboro yose.
Ariko, akamaro k'amakoti y'insinga (urwego rw'inyuma rukikije kandi rugakingira ibyuma by'imbere) gakunze gusuzugurwa. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye by'insinga ni icyemezo cy'ingenzi mu gushushanya no gukora insinga, cyane cyane iyo zikoreshwa mu bidukikije bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa uburinganire hagati y'imikorere ya mekanike, kurwanya ibidukikije, ubworoherane, ikiguzi, no kubahiriza amategeko ni ingenzi mu gufata icyemezo cyiza.
Imbere mu ikoti ry'insinga hari ingabo irinda kandi ikanagenzura ubuzima n'ubudahemuka bw'insinga y'imbere. Ubu burinzi burinda ubushuhe, imiti, imirasire ya UV, ndetse n'imihangayiko isanzwe nko kwangirika no gukomeretswa.
Ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu makoti y'insinga biva kuri pulasitiki yoroshye kugeza kuri polymer zigezweho, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye kugira ngo gihuze n'ibikenewe mu bidukikije no mu ikoranabuhanga. Guhitamo ni ingenzi cyane kuko ibikoresho bikwiye bitanga umusaruro mwiza kandi birindwa mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ryitezwe.
Nta gisubizo "kimwe gikwiranye na byose" ku makoti y'insinga. Ibikoresho byatoranijwe bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'imiterere yihariye y'ikoreshwa.
Hari ibintu byinshi ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe uhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo kwambara mu ikoti ry'insinga.
1. Imiterere y'ibidukikije
Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu guhitamo amakoti y'insinga, kuko insinga zishobora guhura n'amavuta, ibinyabutabire, aside, cyangwa ibishingizi, bitewe n'uko zikoreshwa. Ikoti ry'insinga ryatoranijwe neza rishobora gukumira kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibice byaryo biri munsi, bityo rigakomeza kuba inyangamugayo mu gihe cyose rikora. Urugero, mu nganda aho usanga hakunze kubaho ubwiyongere bw'imiti, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imimerere mibi nk'iyo. Aha, imiti yihariye insinga izahura nayo igomba gusuzumwa, kuko ibi bigaragaza ko hakenewe ibikoresho byihariye nka fluoropolymers kugira ngo habeho ubudahangarwa bukabije bw'imiti.
Kurwanya ikirere n'izuba ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi, cyane cyane ku nsinga zikoreshwa hanze. Kumara igihe kirekire urwanywe n'izuba bishobora gutuma ibikoresho gakondo bicika intege, bigatera kwangirika no kwangirika. Ibikoresho byagenewe kurwanya imirasire ya UV bituma insinga ikomeza gukora neza no kuramba nubwo haba hari izuba ryinshi. Kuri ubwo buryo, ibikoresho byiza ni thermoplastics za CPE, thermostats za CPE, cyangwa thermostats za EPR. Ibindi bikoresho bigezweho, nka polyethylene ifatanye (XLPE), byakozwe kugira ngo birusheho kugira ubudahangarwa bw'imirasire ya UV, bigamije gutuma insinga iramba mu bikorwa byo hanze.
Byongeye kandi, mu bidukikije aho ibyago by'inkongi y'umuriro ari ikibazo, guhitamo ikoti ry'insinga ridashobora gutwika cyangwa rizimya umuriro ubwaryo bishobora kuba amahitamo yo kurokora ubuzima. Ibi bikoresho byagenewe guhagarika gukwirakwira kw'inkongi, byongera urwego rw'ingenzi rw'umutekano mu bikorwa by'ingenzi. Ku bijyanye no kudatwika umuriro, amahitamo meza arimoPVCthermoplastics na thermoplastics za CPE. Ibyo bikoresho bishobora kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'umuriro mu gihe bigabanya imyuka ihumanya isohoka mu gihe cyo gutwika.
2. Imiterere ya mekanike
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubusa, imbaraga z'inkongi, n'ubushobozi bwo gusya ikoti ry'insinga bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku burambe bwa polyurethane. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane mu bikorwa aho insinga zinyura mu butaka bugoye cyangwa zisaba gufatwa kenshi. Mu bikorwa bigendwa cyane, nko mu ikoranabuhanga rya robotike cyangwa imashini zikoresha imbaraga, guhitamo ikoti ry'insinga rifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza bishobora gufasha kwirinda gusimbuza no kubungabunga kenshi. Ibikoresho byiza birwanya kwangirika kw'ikoti birimo polyurethane thermoplastics na CPE thermoplastics.
3. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe
Ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma gikoresha insinga ishobora kuba itandukaniro hagati yo gutsinda cyangwa gutsindwa kwa sisitemu. Ibikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bw'imikorere bw'aho byagenewe bishobora kwangirika mu gihe cy'ubukonje cyangwa kwangirika iyo bihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Uku kwangirika gushobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bw'insinga no gutuma insinga zitagira ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihagarara, bigatera ibibazo mu mikorere cyangwa ibyago by'umutekano.
Nubwo insinga nyinshi zisanzwe zishobora gupimwa kugeza kuri 105°C, porogaramu za PVC zihariye zishobora gukenera kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ku nganda nka peteroli na gaze, porogaramu zihariye zisaba ibikoresho, nka ibikoresho bya ITT Cannon bya SJS, bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 200°C. Kuri ubu bushyuhe bwinshi, hashobora gukenerwa ibikoresho bitandukanye, harimo PVC ku ruhande rwa thermoplastic na CPE cyangwa EPR cyangwa CPR ku ruhande rwa thermostat. Ibikoresho bishobora gukora muri ubwo buryo bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi no kurwanya gusaza k'ubushyuhe, bigatuma insinga ikora neza uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Tekereza ku bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, nko mu nkombe z’amazi. Muri ibi bidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi bishyuha cyane, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bya "cable jacket" bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije bitangiritse cyangwa ngo binanirane. Amaherezo, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bya "cable jacket" bishobora gutuma imikorere y’ibikoresho ikomeza mu mutekano kandi yizewe mu gihe cyo kongera igihe cyo kubaho.
4. Gukenera Guhuzagurika
Hari porogaramu zimwe na zimwe zisaba ko insinga ziguma zoroshye mu gihe zigenda zigorama kandi zizunguruka. Uku gukenera koroshya ibintu ntibigabanya gukenera ko biramba; bityo, ibikoresho bigomba gutoranywa neza kugira ngo bihuze neza ibi bisabwa bibiri. Muri ibi bihe, ibikoresho nka thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) cyangwa polyurethane (PUR) birakundwa kubera ko biramba kandi bikanakomera.
Urugero, insinga zikoreshwa mu buryo bwikora mu nganda zigomba kuba zoroshye cyane kugira ngo zihuze n'ingendo z'imashini nka robots. Robots zifite mesh zikoreshwa mu mirimo nko gutoranya no gushyira ibice ni urugero rwiza rw'iki gikenewe. Igishushanyo cyazo cyemerera ingendo zitandukanye, zigashyira imbaraga ku nsinga, bigasaba ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira kunama no kuzunguruka bitabangamiye imikorere.
Nyuma yo gusuzuma imiterere y’ibidukikije, imiterere ya mekanike, ubushyuhe, n’ibikenewe mu bworoherane, ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko umurambararo w’inyuma w’insinga uzatandukana bitewe na buri gikoresho. Kugira ngo ikomeze kuba nziza ku bidukikije, umurambararo w’insinga ugomba kuguma mu gice cyo gufunga cy’inyuma cyangwa icy’ifatizo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-12-2024