Insinga zirinda umuriro ni inzira y'ubuzima mu gutuma ingufu zihuzwa mu nyubako no mu nganda mu bihe bikomeye. Nubwo imikorere yazo idasanzwe y'umuriro ari ingenzi cyane, kwinjira k'ubushuhe bitera ibyago byihishe ariko kenshi bishobora kwangiza cyane imikorere y'amashanyarazi, kuramba igihe kirekire, ndetse bigatera no kunanirwa k'umurimo wazo wo kurinda inkongi. Nk'uko impuguke zishingiye cyane ku bikoresho by'insinga, ONE WORLD isobanukiwe ko gukumira ubushuhe bw'insinga ari ikibazo cy'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'ingenzi kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho by'ingenzi nk'ibinyabutabire byo gukingira n'ibinyabutabire byo gutwikira, kugeza ku gushyiraho, kubaka, no gukomeza kubungabunga. Iyi nkuru izakora isesengura ryimbitse ry'ibintu bitera ubushuhe, uhereye ku miterere y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi nka LSZH, XLPE, na Magnesium Oxide.
1. Ontology y'insinga: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'imiterere nk'ishingiro ryo kwirinda ubushuhe
Ubushobozi bw'ubushuhe bw'insinga idashya buterwa ahanini n'imiterere n'imiterere y'ibikoresho byayo by'ingenzi by'insinga.
Konvoyeri: Konvoyeri z'umuringa cyangwa aluminiyumu zometseho cyane ubwazo zihora zihamye mu buryo bwa shimi. Ariko, iyo ubushuhe bwinjiyemo, bushobora gutera ingese idashira, bigatuma konvoyeri igabanuka, imbaraga ziyongera, bityo bikaba ahantu hashobora gutuma habaho ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gace runaka.
Urusobe rw'ibikoresho byo gukingira: Inzitizi nyamukuru ku bushuhe
Ibikoresho byo gukingira imyanda mu buryo butari umwimerere (urugero, Magnesium Oxide, Mica): Ibikoresho nka Magnesium Oxide na Mica ntabwo bishya kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, imiterere ya mikorosikopi y'ifu cyangwa imipira ya mica tape laminations yazo ifite icyuho gishobora kuba inzira zoroshye zo gukwirakwiza umwuka w'amazi. Kubwibyo, insinga zikoresha ibyo bikoresho byo gukingira imyanda (urugero, Mineral Insulated Cables) zigomba kwishingikiriza ku gikoresho cy'icyuma gihoraho (urugero, umuyoboro w'umuringa) kugira ngo zigere ku gufunga kw'amazi. Iyo iki gikoresho cy'icyuma cyangiritse mu gihe cyo gukora cyangwa gushyiraho, amazi yinjira mu gikoresho cyo gukingira imyanda nka Magnesium Oxide bizatuma ubushobozi bwo kwirinda imyanda bugabanuka cyane.
Ibikoresho byo gukingira polimeri (urugero, XLPE): Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushuhe bwaPolyethylene ifitanye isano (XLPE)Ikomoka ku miterere y'urusobe rw'ibice bitatu rwakozwe mu gihe cyo guhuza. Iyi miterere yongera cyane ubucucike bwa polymer, ibuza neza kwinjira kwa molekile z'amazi. Ibikoresho byo gukingira bya XLPE byiza cyane bigaragaza ko amazi adafata neza (ubusanzwe <0.1%). Mu buryo bunyuranye, XLPE idakomeye cyangwa ishaje ifite inenge ishobora gukora imiyoboro ifata amazi bitewe no kwangirika k'uruhererekane rw'ibice, bigatera kwangirika burundu k'imikorere y'ubushyuhe.
Agati: Umurongo wa mbere wo kwirinda ibidukikije
Umwotsi Muke Zero Halogen (LSZH) Ivanga ry'Umuheha: Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushuhe n'ubudahangarwa bwa hydrolysis by'ibikoresho bya LSZH bishingira ku buryo butaziguye ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'imvange n'uburyo ihuza hagati ya polymer matrix yayo (urugero, polyolefin) n'ibice bito bya hydroxide (urugero, Aluminium Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide). Ikinyabutabire cya LSZH cyiza cyane, nubwo gitanga ubukana bw'umuriro, kigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kugabanya amazi no kudahangarwa neza mu gihe kirekire binyuze mu buryo bwitondewe bwo gukora kugira ngo kibe gifite imikorere ihamye yo kurinda ahantu hatose cyangwa hatera amazi menshi.
Icyuma cyometseho (urugero, Aluminium-Plastic Composite Tape): Nk'urukuta rusanzwe rw'ubushuhe, imikorere ya Aluminium-Plastic Composite Tape ishingiye cyane ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyitunganya no kuyifunga aho ihurira. Iyo agapfundikizo gakoresha kole ishyushye kuri iyi ihuriro kadakomeza cyangwa gafite inenge, ubusugire bw'urukuta rwose burangirika cyane.
2. Gushyiraho no kubaka: Isuzuma ry'uburyo bwo kurinda ibikoresho
Hejuru ya 80% by'ubushuhe bw'insinga bubaho mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no kubaka. Ubwiza bw'inyubako bugena neza niba ubushuhe bw'insinga bushobora gukoreshwa neza.
Kudakora neza mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije: Gushyira insinga, kuzikata no kuzihuza mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe burenze 85% bituma amazi ava mu kirere yihuta cyane ku nsinga ziciwe n’ubuso bw’ibikoresho byo gukingira n’ibyuzuza. Ku nsinga zishyushya amabuye ya Magnesium Oxide, igihe cyo kuzishyiramo kigomba kuba gito cyane; bitabaye ibyo, ifu ya Magnesium Oxide izinjiza ubushuhe mu kirere vuba.
Inenge mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga no gukoresha ibikoresho by'inyongera:
Ingingo n'Imiterere: Imiyoboro igabanya ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ikonjesha, cyangwa ibifunga bisutswe bikoreshwa hano ni byo by'ingenzi cyane mu buryo bwo kurinda ubushuhe. Niba ibyo bikoresho bifunga bifite imbaraga nke zo gushonga, imbaraga zidahagije zo gufatana n'insinga (urugero, LSZH), cyangwa ubushobozi buke bwo kudasaza, bihita biba inzira y'ubusaza bwo kwinjira k'umwuka w'amazi.
Imiyoboro n'udupira tw'insinga: Nyuma yo gushyiraho insinga, iyo impera z'imiyoboro zidafunze neza hakoreshejwe putty cyangwa sealant yabigize umwuga idashya, umuyoboro uhinduka "umuyoboro" uteranya ubushuhe cyangwa amazi adatemba, bigatuma umuyoboro w'inyuma w'insinga uhora ungirika.
Kwangirika kwa mashini: Kugonda birenga umurambararo muto wo kugonda mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, gukurura hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bityaye, cyangwa impande zityaye mu nzira yo gushyiramo bishobora gutera gushwanyagurika ku buryo butagaragara, gupfundikana, cyangwa gucikagurika ku gitambaro cya LSZH cyangwa Aluminium-Plastic Composite Tape, bigahungabanya burundu ubuziranenge bwabyo bwo gufunga.
3. Imikorere, Kubungabunga, n'Ibidukikije: Kuramba kw'ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire
Nyuma y’uko insinga ikoreshejwe, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kudakoresha amazi bushingira ku kuramba kw’ibikoresho bya insinga mu gihe cy’igihe kirekire.
Igenzura ry'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga:
Gufunga cyangwa kwangiza imiyoboro y'amazi/ibipfundikizo by'amazi mu buryo butari bwiza bituma amazi y'imvura n'amazi ahuzwa n'amazi yinjira mu buryo butaziguye. Kwinjira mu mazi igihe kirekire bigerageza cyane ubushobozi bwo kwirinda hydrolysis bw'ibice bya LSZH sheathing.
Kudashyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura buri gihe bibuza kubona no gusimbuza ku gihe ibikoresho bishaje, byacitse, imiyoboro igabanya ubushyuhe, n'ibindi bikoresho byo kuziba.
Ingaruka zo gusaza z'imihangayiko iterwa n'ibidukikije ku bikoresho:
Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe: Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'umunsi n'ubw'igihe ritera "ingaruka zo guhumeka" mu mugozi. Iyi stress y'igihe kirekire, ikora igihe kirekire ku bikoresho bya polymer nka XLPE na LSZH, ishobora gutera inenge z'umunaniro muto, bigatuma habaho imiterere yo kwinjira mu bushyuhe.
Kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire: Mu butaka busharira cyangwa mu butaka bufite aside cyangwa mu nganda zirimo ibintu byangiza, imiyoboro ya polymer y'agace ka LSZH n'agace ka metali bishobora kwibasirwa n'ibinyabutabire, bigatera ifu y'ibikoresho, gutobora no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubirinda.
Umwanzuro n'ibyifuzo
Gukumira ubushuhe mu nsinga zirinda umuriro ni umushinga uhoraho usaba guhuza ibintu byinshi uhereye imbere ugana inyuma. Utangirira ku bikoresho by'ibanze by'insinga - nk'ibinyabutabire bya XLPE bifite imiterere ikomeye ifatanye, ibinyabutabire bya LSZH birwanya hydrolysis byakozwe mu buryo bwa siyansi, hamwe na sisitemu zo gukingira magnesium Oxide zishingiye ku byuma bifunga burundu. Bikorwa binyuze mu bwubatsi busanzwe no gukoresha ibikoresho by'inyongera nk'ibifunga n'imiyoboro igabanya ubushyuhe. Kandi amaherezo biterwa no gucunga neza ibintu mbere y'igihe.
Kubwibyo, gushaka ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu bikoresho by'insinga bigezweho (urugero: LSZH nziza, XLPE, Magnesium Oxide) kandi bifite imiterere ikomeye y'inyubako ni inkingi y'ingenzi yo kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'ubushuhe mu buzima bwose bw'insinga. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse no kubahiriza imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti ya buri gikoresho cy'insinga ni yo ntangiriro yo kumenya neza, gusuzuma no gukumira ibyago byo kwinjira mu bushuhe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-27-2025