Ibisabwa ku bijyanye no gukingira insinga za DC n'ibibazo bya PP

Muri iki gihe, ibisanzwe bikoreshwaibikoresho byo gukingiraKu nsinga za DC ni polyethylene. Nyamara, abashakashatsi bakomeje gushaka ibikoresho byinshi bishobora gukingira insinga, nka polypropylene (PP). Nyamara, gukoresha PP nk'ibikoresho bikingira insinga bitera ibibazo byinshi.

 

1. Imiterere ya mekanike

Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa by'ibanze byo gutwara, gushyiraho no gukoresha insinga za DC, ibikoresho byo gukingira bigomba kugira imbaraga runaka za mekanike, harimo no koroha neza, kurekura igihe cyo gucika, no kudahura n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe buke. Ariko, PP, nk'umusemburo wa crystalline cyane, igaragaza ubukana mu bushyuhe bwayo bwo gukora. Byongeye kandi, igaragaza ko ipfa gucika no kwangirika mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke, bigatuma inanirwa kuzuza ibi bintu. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bugomba kwibanda ku gushimangira no guhindura PP kugira ngo bikemure ibi bibazo.

 

2. Kurwanya gusaza

Mu gihe kirekire gikoreshwa, insinga za DC zigenda zishaza buhoro buhoro bitewe n’ingaruka zihuriweho zo kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe n’amashanyarazi. Uku gusaza bituma imiterere y’imashini n’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushyushya, ndetse no kugabanuka k’imbaraga zo gushwanyagurika, amaherezo bigira ingaruka ku kwizerwa no ku buzima bw’insinga. Gushaza kw’insinga zikoreshwa mu gushyushya birimo imiterere, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, n’ibinyabutabire, aho gusaza kw’amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe ari byo bihangayikishije cyane. Nubwo kongeramo antioxydants bishobora kongera ubudahangarwa bwa PP mu gusaza kw’ubushyuhe ku rugero runaka, kudahuza neza hagati y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushyushya na PP, kwimuka, n’umwanda wazo nk’inyongera bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’insinga za PP. Kubwibyo, kwishingikiriza gusa kuri antioxydants kugira ngo wongere ubudahangarwa bwa PP mu gusaza ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gihe cyo kubaho no mu kwizerwa kwa insinga za DC, bityo bikaba ngombwa ko hakorwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku guhindura PP.

 

3. Imikorere y'ubushyuhe mu gukingira

Gukoresha umwanya, nk'imwe mu mpamvu zigira ingaruka ku bwiza n'igihe cyo kubaho kwainsinga za DC zifite voltage nyinshi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi yo mu gace, imbaraga za dielectric, no gusaza kw'ibikoresho byo gukingira. Ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga za DC bigomba kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi yo mu mwanya, kugabanya ishyirwa ry'amafaranga yo gukingira nk'uko bimeze mu mwanya, no kubangamira ikorwa ry'amafaranga yo gukingira nk'uko bitari ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhindagurika mu byuma bikingira n'aho bihurira, bityo bitume habaho imbaraga zo kwangirika kw'insinga n'igihe kirekire.

Iyo insinga za DC zigumye mu murima w’amashanyarazi ukoresha amashanyarazi umwe igihe kirekire, electron, iyoni, na ionization y’imyanda ikorerwa ku bikoresho bya electrode biri mu gikoresho cyo gukingira bihinduka charges z’umwanya. Izi charges zigenda vuba kandi zikirunda mu dupaki tw’amashanyarazi, tuzwi nka accumulation of space charge. Kubwibyo, iyo ukoresha PP mu nsinga za DC, ni ngombwa guhindura kugira ngo ugabanye charge generation no accumulation.

 

4. Uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe

Bitewe n’uko ubushyuhe budakora neza, ubushyuhe buturuka mu gihe cy’imikorere y’insinga za DC zishingiye kuri PP ntibushobora gucika vuba, bigatuma ubushyuhe butandukana hagati y’impande z’imbere n’inyuma z’urwego rw’ubushyuhe, bigatuma ubushyuhe budahinduka. Ubushyuhe bw’amashanyarazi bw’ibikoresho bya polymer bwiyongera uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Kubwibyo, uruhande rw’inyuma rw’urwego rw’ubushyuhe rufite ubushyuhe buke bushobora kwikubira, bigatuma imbaraga z’amashanyarazi zigabanuka. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe butera kwinjizwa no kwimuka kw’ingufu nyinshi z’umwanya, birushaho kugoreka urwego rw’amashanyarazi. Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, niko ubwinshi bw’ingufu z’umwanya bukomeza kwiyongera, bigatuma amashanyarazi ahindagurika. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ukwiyongera kw’ingufu z’umwanya, no kwikubira kw’ingufu z’amashanyarazi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe n’ubuzima bw’insinga za DC. Bityo, kunoza uburyo ubushyuhe bwa PP bukoreshwa ni ngombwa kugira ngo insinga za DC zikore neza kandi zirambe igihe kirekire.