Muri iki gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse ry’amakuru, ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryabaye imbaraga z’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Kuva ku itumanaho rya buri munsi rigendanwa no gukoresha interineti kugeza ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu nganda no kugenzura kure, insinga z’itumanaho zikora nk'inzira “nzira nini” zo kohereza amakuru kandi zigira uruhare runini. Mu moko menshi y’insinga z’itumanaho, insinga y’amashanyarazi iragaragara cyane bitewe n’imiterere yayo yihariye n’imikorere yayo myiza, ikomeje kuba imwe mu nzira z’ingenzi zo kohereza ibimenyetso.
Amateka y'insinga ya coaxial ahera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Nyuma yo kuvuka no gutera imbere kw'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rya radiyo, hakenewe byihutirwa insinga ishobora kohereza neza ibimenyetso bikoresha umurongo munini w'itumanaho. Mu 1880, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w'Umwongereza Oliver Heaviside yatanze igitekerezo cya mbere cy'insinga ya coaxial anashushanya imiterere yayo y'ibanze. Nyuma yo kunoza ibikorwa byayo, insinga za coaxial zagiye zikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho, cyane cyane muri televiziyo ya cable, itumanaho rya radiyo, na sisitemu za radar.
Ariko, iyo twibanda ku bidukikije byo mu mazi—cyane cyane mu bwato no mu buhanga bwo mu mazi—insinga za coaxial zihura n’imbogamizi nyinshi. Ibidukikije byo mu mazi biragoye kandi birahindagurika. Mu gihe cyo kugenda mu mazi, amato ahura n’ingaruka z’umuraba, kwangirika kw’umunyu, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe, no kwivanga kw’amashanyarazi. Ibi bihe bikomeye bituma insinga zikenera cyane, bigatuma insinga za coaxial zo mu mazi zikora. By’umwihariko, insinga za coaxial zo mu mazi zitanga ubushobozi bwo kurinda no kurwanya kwivanga kw’amashanyarazi, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru kure no mu itumanaho ryihuse cyane. Ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye byo mu mazi, insinga za coaxial zo mu mazi zishobora kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo buhamye kandi bwizewe.
Insinga ya coaxial yo mu mazi ni insinga y'itumanaho ifite imikorere myiza, ikozwe mu buryo bworoshye haba mu miterere no mu bikoresho, kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe cyane mu bidukikije byo mu mazi. Ugereranyije n'insinga zisanzwe za coaxial, insinga za coaxial zo mu mazi zitandukanye cyane mu guhitamo ibikoresho no mu miterere y'inyubako.
Imiterere y'ibanze y'insinga ya coaxial yo mu mazi igizwe n'ibice bine: umuyoboro w'imbere, urwego rwo gukingira, umuyoboro w'inyuma, n'icyuma. Iyi miterere ituma habaho kohereza neza ibimenyetso bikoresha frequency yo hejuru mu gihe bigabanya kugabanya no kubangamira ibimenyetso.
Inner Conductor: Interior conductor niyo shingiro ry'insinga ya coaxial yo mu mazi, ubusanzwe ikorwa mu muringa utunganye cyane. Ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu mu muringa butuma ibimenyetso bitakaza igihe cyo gutwara ibintu bigabanuka. Ubugari n'imiterere y'imper conductor yo mu mazi ni ingenzi mu mikorere myiza yo gutwara ibintu kandi by'umwihariko binozwa kugira ngo ihererekanywa neza mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu mu mazi.
Urusobe rw'ubushyuhe: Rushyizwe hagati y'imashini ziyobora imbere n'inyuma, urusobe rw'ubushyuhe rurinda gusohoka kw'ibimenyetso no gufungana. Ibikoresho bigomba kugaragaza imiterere myiza ya dielectric, imbaraga za mekanike, no kurwanya ingese ya spray y'umunyu, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubuke. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) na Foam Polyethylene (Foam PE) - byombi bikoreshwa cyane mu nsinga za coaxial zo mu mazi kugira ngo bikomere kandi bikore neza mu bidukikije bigoye.
Konkire yo hanze: Ikora nk'urwego rwo kurinda, konkire yo hanze igizwe n'insinga z'umuringa zikozwe mu macupa zivanze n'urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu. Irinda ikimenyetso cya interference ya electromagnetic interference (EMI) yo hanze. Mu nsinga za coaxial zo mu mazi, imiterere y'insinga irakomera kugira ngo irusheho kurwanya EMI no kurwanya vibration, bigatuma ibimenyetso bigumaho ndetse no mu nyanja zirimo imiraba.
Urupfu: Urupfu rw'inyuma rurinda insinga kwangirika kwa mekanike no kwangirika ku bidukikije. Urupfu rw'insinga ya coaxial yo mu mazi rugomba kuba rudacana umuriro, rudashwanyagurika, kandi rudashwanyagurika. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimonta mwotsi mwinshi wa halogen (LSZH)polyolefini naPVC (polyvinyl chloride)Ibi bikoresho ntibitoranywa gusa kubera imiterere yabyo yo kurinda, ahubwo binatoranywa kugira ngo bihuzwe n'amahame akaze y'umutekano wo mu mazi.
Insinga za coaxial zo mu mazi zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro mu buryo butandukanye:
Bikurikije Imiterere:
Insinga ya coaxial ifite agakingirizo kamwe: Ifite urwego rumwe rw'uburinzi (uburinzi cyangwa urupapuro) kandi ikwiriye ahantu hasanzwe ho kohereza ibimenyetso.
Insinga ya coaxial ifite uburinzi bubiri: Irimo aluminiyumu n'insinga z'umuringa zo mu gikoni, itanga uburinzi bwa EMI bunoze—ni byiza cyane ku bidukikije birimo urusaku rw'amashanyarazi.
Insinga ya coaxial ifite icyuma: Yongeraho insinga y'icyuma cyangwa icyuma gikingira icyuma kugira ngo irinde ibyuma mu gihe cy'imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa ahantu hagaragara mu mazi.
Ku nshuro:
Insinga ya coaxial ifite frequency nke: Yagenewe ibimenyetso bifite frequency nke nka za audio cyangwa amakuru yihuta cyane. Izi nsinga ubusanzwe zifite icyuma gito cyo gukurura insinga n'icyuma cyoroshye cyo gukingira insinga.
Insinga ya coaxial ifite frequency yo hejuru: Ikoreshwa mu kohereza ibimenyetso bifite frequency yo hejuru nka sisitemu za radar cyangwa itumanaho rya satelite, akenshi ikaba ifite ibyuma binini n'ibikoresho bikingira amashanyarazi bifite amashanyarazi menshi kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana no kongera imikorere.
Binyuze mu gusaba:
Insinga ya coaxial ya sisitemu ya radar: Isaba kugabanya cyane imbaraga no kudakora neza kwa EMI kugira ngo ikimenyetso cya radar giherekezwe neza.
Insinga ya coaxial y'itumanaho rya satelite: Yagenewe kohereza amakuru mu ntera ndende kandi ikoresha frequency nyinshi kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bukabije.
Insinga ya coaxial ya sisitemu yo kuyobora ubwato: Ikoreshwa muri sisitemu y'ingenzi yo kuyobora, isaba ubwizigirwa bwinshi, kudahindagura no kurwanya ingese mu gusukura umunyu.
Insinga ya coaxial yo mu bwoko bwa "marine entertainment system coaxial": Yohereza amajwi ya televiziyo n'amajwi mu bwato kandi isaba ubuziranenge bwiza bw'amajwi no kwirinda kubangamira amajwi.
Ibisabwa mu mikorere:
Kugira ngo insinga za coaxial zo mu mazi zikore neza kandi zizewe mu mikorere yazo mu nyanja, zigomba kuzuza ibisabwa byinshi byihariye:
Ubudahangarwa ku ipfa ry’umunyu: Umunyu mwinshi mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja utera ingese nyinshi. Ibikoresho by’insinga za coaxial zo mu nyanja bigomba kurwanya ingese kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika igihe kirekire.
Ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi: Amato asohora EMI ikomeye iturutse kuri sisitemu nyinshi ziri mu bwato. Ibikoresho byo kurinda indege bifite imikorere myiza n'inyubako zifite uburinzi bubiri bitanga uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo buhamye.
Ubudahangarwa bwo Kunyeganyega: Uburyo bwo kugenda mu mazi butera gunyeganyega guhoraho. Insinga ya coaxial yo mu mazi igomba kuba ikomeye mu buryo bwa mekanike kugira ngo ihangane no guhungabana guhoraho.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe: Kubera ko ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C na +70°C mu turere dutandukanye tw'inyanja, insinga ya coaxial yo mu nyanja igomba kugumana imikorere myiza mu bihe bikomeye.
Kudashira kw'umuriro: Mu gihe habayeho inkongi, gutwika insinga ntibigomba kurekura umwotsi mwinshi cyangwa imyuka ihumanya. Kubwibyo, insinga zo mu mazi zikoresha ibikoresho bidafite umwotsi mwinshi kandi bidafite halogen, bikurikiza amabwiriza ya IEC 60332 yo kudashira kw'umuriro, na IEC 60754-1/2 na IEC 61034-1/2 yo kudashira kw'umuriro kandi bidafite halogen.
Byongeye kandi, insinga za coaxial zo mu mazi zigomba kuzuza ibisabwa bikomeye n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Butaka (IMO) n’imiryango ishyira mu byiciro nka DNV, ABS, na CCS, kugira ngo zikore neza kandi zigire umutekano mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byo mu mazi.
Ku bijyanye n'ISI IMWE
ONE WORLD yibanda ku bikoresho fatizo byo gukora insinga n'insinga. Dutanga ibikoresho byiza cyane byo gukora insinga za coaxial, harimo kaseti y'umuringa, kaseti ya aluminiyumu ya Mylar, na LSZH, bikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa byo mu mazi, mu itumanaho no mu ngufu. Dufite ubuziranenge n'ubufasha bw'umwuga, dukorera abakora insinga ku isi yose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-26-2025