Uko umuryango wa none ugenda utera imbere, imiyoboro yahindutse igice cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi, kandi kohereza ibimenyetso by'imiyoboro bishingiye ku nsinga z'imiyoboro (zizwi cyane nka insinga za Ethernet). Nk'inganda zigezweho zigendanwa mu nyanja, ikoranabuhanga ryo mu mazi n'iry'inyanja riri kugenda rirushaho gukora mu buryo bwikora kandi bukoresha ubwenge. Ibidukikije biragoye cyane, bigatuma hakenerwa cyane imiterere y'insinga za Ethernet n'ibikoresho by'insinga bikoreshwa. Uyu munsi, turabagezaho muri make imiterere y'imiterere, uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro, n'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'insinga za Ethernet zo mu mazi.
1. Gushyira mu byiciro insinga
(1). Dukurikije imikorere ya Transmission
Insinga za Ethernet dukunze gukoresha zikorwa mu buryo busanzwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma bizunguruka, birimo ibyuma bizunguruka by'umuringa bifite imigozi imwe cyangwa myinshi, ibikoresho byo gukingira amashanyarazi bya PE cyangwa PO, bigazunguruka mu buryo bubiri, hanyuma hagakorwamo ibice bine mu buryo burambuye. Hashingiwe ku mikorere, hashobora gutoranywa urwego rutandukanye rw'insinga:
Icyiciro cya 5E (CAT5E): Agakoresho ko hanze gakunze gukorwa muri PVC cyangwa polyolefini idakoresha umwotsi mwinshi, gafite umuvuduko wa 100MHz n'umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 1000Mbps. Gakoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro yo mu rugo no mu biro rusange.
Icyiciro cya 6 (CAT6): Ikoresha ibyuma biyobora umuringa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandipolyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE)ibikoresho byo gukingira, hamwe n'icyuma gitandukanya imiterere, byongera umuvuduko w'itumanaho kugeza kuri 250MHz kugira ngo ihererekanyamakuru rirusheho gukomera.
Icyiciro cya 6A (CAT6A): Inshuro ziyongera kugera kuri 500MHz, igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru kigera kuri 10Gbps, ubusanzwe gikoresha kaseti ya aluminium Mylar nk'ibikoresho byo kurinda, kandi gihuzwa n'ibikoresho byo mu gipangu bidakoresha umwotsi mwinshi kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bigo bitanga amakuru.
Icyiciro cya 7 / 7A (CAT7/CAT7A): Ikoresha icyuma cy'umuringa kitagira ogisijeni cya mm 0.57, buri gice gikingiweKaseti ya Mylar+ insinga z'umuringa zo mu gikombe rusange, byongera ubuziranenge bw'amajwi no gushyigikira kohereza ubutumwa bwihuse bwa 10Gbps.
Icyiciro cya 8 (CAT8): Imiterere ni SFTP ifite uburinzi bw'ibice bibiri (ikaseti ya aluminiyumu Mylar kuri buri mpande + uburinzi rusange), kandi ubusanzwe icyuma gikoreshwa mu gufunga cya XLPO gikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, gishyigikira umuvuduko wa 2000MHz na 40Gbps, gikwiriye guhuza ibikoresho mu bigo by'amakuru.
(2). Dukurikije Imiterere y'Uburinzi
Dukurikije niba ibikoresho byo kurinda bikoreshwa mu miterere, insinga za Ethernet zishobora kugabanywamo:
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): Ikoresha ibikoresho byo gukingira amashanyarazi bya PO cyangwa HDPE gusa nta kintu na kimwe gikingira, ihendutse, ikwiriye ahantu hadafite ikibazo kinini cya electromagnetic.
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair): Ikoresha agapapuro ka aluminiyumu ka Mylar cyangwa umugozi w'umuringa nk'ibikoresho byo kurinda, byongera ubudahangarwa bw'ibintu bibangamira amashanyarazi, kandi ikwiriye ibidukikije bigoye cyane bya elegitoroniki.
Insinga za Ethernet zo mu mazi zikunze guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye za electromagnetic, zisaba imiterere ikomeye yo kuzirinda. Imiterere isanzwe irimo:
F/UTP: Ikoresha agapapuro ka aluminiyumu ka Mylar nk'urwego rw'uburinzi rusange, kabereye CAT5E na CAT6, gakoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zo kugenzura ibiri mu bwato.
SF/UTP: Kaseti ya aluminiyumu Mylar + uburinzi bw'umuringa udafite ibara, byongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana na EMI muri rusange, bukoreshwa cyane mu ngufu zo mu mazi no mu kohereza ibimenyetso.
S/FTP: Buri mashini igoramye ikoresha kaseti ya aluminium Mylar mu gukingira buri kimwe, hamwe n'urwego rw'inyuma rw'insinga z'umuringa zo gukingira muri rusange, hamwe n'ibikoresho bya XLPO bitagira umuriro mwinshi. Iyi ni imiterere isanzwe kuri CAT6A n'insinga zirenze iyo.
2. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'insinga za Ethernet zo mu mazi
Ugereranyije n'insinga za Ethernet zishingiye ku butaka, insinga za Ethernet zo mu mazi zifite itandukaniro rigaragara mu guhitamo ibikoresho no mu miterere y'inyubako. Bitewe n'ibidukikije bibi byo mu mazi—umunyu mwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, amashanyarazi menshi, imirasire ya UV ikabije, ndetse n'umuriro utwika—ibikoresho bya insinga bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bigire umutekano, birambe, kandi bikore neza.
(1). Ibisabwa bisanzwe
Insinga za Marine Ethernet ubusanzwe zikorwa hakurikijwe IEC 61156-5 na IEC 61156-6. Insinga zitambitse zikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha umuringa bivanze n'ibikoresho byo gukingira HDPE kugira ngo bigere ku ntera nziza yo kohereza no guhagarara neza; insinga zo gukingira mu byumba by'amakuru zikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha umuringa bifite insinga zoroshye zo gukingira amashanyarazi cyangwa PE kugira ngo byorohereze inzira ahantu hato.
(2). Kudashira kw'inkongi no kurwanya inkongi
Kugira ngo hirindwe gukwirakwira kw'inkongi, insinga za Ethernet zo mu mazi zikunze gukoresha ibikoresho bya polyolefin bitagira umwotsi mwinshi kandi bitagira umuriro (nka LSZH, XLPO, nibindi) mu gupfuka, byujuje ibisabwa bya IEC 60332 bigabanya umuriro, IEC 60754 (bitagira umuriro mwinshi), na IEC 61034 (bitagira umwotsi mwinshi). Ku bijyanye na sisitemu z'ingenzi, hongeweho mica tape n'ibindi bikoresho birwanya umuriro kugira ngo byujuje ibisabwa bya IEC 60331 birwanya umuriro, bigamije kwemeza ko itumanaho rikomeza gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'impanuka z'inkongi.
(3). Ubudahangarwa n'amavuta, Ubudahangarwa n'ingese, n'imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "Armoring"
Mu bice byo mu mazi nka FPSO na dredgers, insinga za Ethernet zikunze gushyirwa ku mavuta n'ibikoresho byangiza. Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kuramba kw'insinga, hakoreshwa ibikoresho bya polyolefin sheath (SHF2) cyangwa ibikoresho bya SHF2 MUD bidakoresha ibyondo, byujuje amabwiriza ya NEK 606 yo kurwanya uburozi. Kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga za mekanike, insinga zishobora gushyirwaho icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya galvanized steel braid (GSWB) cyangwa icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya copper braid (TCWB), bitanga imbaraga zo gukanda no gukurura, hamwe n'uburinzi bwa electromagnetic kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso.
(4). Ubudahangarwa bw'imirasire y'izuba n'imikorere yayo yo gusaza
Insinga za Marine Ethernet zikunze kugaragara ku zuba ryinshi, bityo ibikoresho byo mu gitambaro bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imirasire ya UV. Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho byo mu gitambaro bya polyolefin birimo umukara wa karuboni cyangwa ibintu birwanya imirasire ya UV bikoreshwa kandi bigapimwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya UL1581 cyangwa ASTM G154-16 UV ashaje kugira ngo harebwe ko umubiri uhamye kandi ko ubuzima bwabyo burambye mu bidukikije bifite imirasire ya UV myinshi.
Muri make, buri cyiciro cy’imitako y’insinga za marine Ethernet gifitanye isano rya bugufi no guhitamo neza ibikoresho by’insinga. Imashini zikora umuringa zifite ubuziranenge, ibikoresho byo gukingira HDPE cyangwa PO, kaseti ya aluminiyumu Mylar, umuringa wo mu bwoko bwa copper wire braid, kaseti ya mica, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa XLPO sheath, n’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa SHF2 sheath byose hamwe birema sisitemu y’itumanaho ishobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye byo mu mazi. Nk’umucuruzi w’ibikoresho by’insinga, dusobanukiwe akamaro k’ubwiza bw’ibikoresho ku mikorere y’insinga yose kandi twiyemeje gutanga ibisubizo byizewe, by’umutekano, kandi binoze ku nganda zo mu mazi no mu nyanja.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-16-2025