Hamwe no guhindura imiterere yingufu zisi yose hamwe no gukomeza gutera imbere kwikoranabuhanga, insinga nshya zingufu zigenda zihinduka ibikoresho byingenzi mubijyanye no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza. Intsinga nshya yingufu, nkuko izina ribivuga, ni ubwoko bwinsinga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa muguhuza imirima nko kubyara ingufu nshya, kubika ingufu hamwe n’imodoka nshya. Izi nsinga ntizifite gusa imikorere yamashanyarazi yinsinga gakondo, ariko igomba no guhangana ningorane nyinshi mugukoresha ingufu nshya, harimo nikirere gikabije cy’ikirere, ibidukikije bigoye bya electromagnetiki hamwe n’ubukonje bukabije bw’imashini. Iyi ngingo izasesengura ahazaza h’insinga nshya zingufu hamwe nuburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha.
Imikorere idasanzwe nibibazo byinsinga nshya zingufu
Igishushanyo noguhitamo ibikoresho byinsinga zingufu birihariye kugirango bihuze ibikenewe mubice bitandukanye. Mu rwego rwo kubyara amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, insinga za Photovoltaic zikoreshwa muguhuza ibice bifotora. Izi nsinga zigaragara hanze umwaka wose, bityo rero ni ngombwa kurwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet no gusaza kwibintu. Intsinga za Photovoltaque zikoresha cyane ikirereXLPEibikoresho byo kubika hamwe na polyolefin irwanya amarira yo hanze kugirango barebe ko bakora igihe kirekire. Intsinga ihuza insinga ikenera kugira umuriro mwiza, bityo insinga za flame-retardant PVC nizo guhitamo kwambere.
Ibisabwa ku nsinga mu rwego rwo kubyara ingufu z'umuyaga birakomeye. Intsinga ziri imbere ya generator zigomba kuba zishobora guhuza nimbaraga zikomeye za electromagnetic. Igisubizo rusange ni ugukoresha insinga z'umuringa kugirango ukingire kugirango ugabanye amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, insinga z'umunara, insinga zigenzura, nibindi muri sisitemu yo kubyara ingufu z'umuyaga nabyo bigomba kugira ubwizerwe buhanitse hamwe n’ikirere kugira ngo bihangane n’ibidukikije bigoye kandi bihinduka.
Umwanya wibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bifite ibisabwa cyane kubwiza no gukora insinga. Umugozi w'amashanyarazi mwinshi ufite inshingano zo guhuza paki ya batiri, moteri na sisitemu yo kwishyuza. Bakoresha imiyoboro yumuringa ifite isuku nyinshi hamwe nibikoresho bya XLPE kugirango bagabanye gutakaza ingufu. Kugirango wirinde kwivanga kwa electromagnetiki, igishushanyo cya kabili gihuza ibice byo gukingira icyuma cya aluminium na wire y'umuringa. Umugozi wo kwishyiriraho AC na DC ushyigikira uburyo bukenewe bwo kwishyuza hamwe nuburyo butandukanye, ushimangira ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi hamwe n’imikorere myiza yo gukumira kugira ngo umutekano n’imikorere y’ibinyabiziga bishya bigerweho.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu nayo ishingiye ku nkunga ya kabili. Intsinga ya bateri igomba kuba ishobora kwihanganira ihinduka ryihuse ryumuriro nubushyuhe, bityo ibikoresho byokoresha amashanyarazi nka XLPE cyangwa reberi idasanzwe. Intsinga zihuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu na gride igomba kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwa voltage kandi ikagira ibidukikije byiza kugirango ihindure umutekano kugirango umutekano wogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Isoko ryisoko niterambere ryinsinga zingufu
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje no kumenyekanisha ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ingufu, inganda nk’ingufu z’umuyaga, ingufu z’izuba, n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zatangiye kwiyongera guturika, kandi n’insinga z’ingufu nshya nazo zazamutse cyane. Imibare iragaragaza ko igipimo cy’imishinga mishya y’ingufu izatangira mu 2024 kizagera ku rwego rwo hejuru, hamwe n’umwaka wose wo gutangiza ingana na miliyoni 28 za kilowati, harimo miliyoni 7.13 za kilowati y’umushinga w’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, miliyoni 1.91 kilowat y’imishinga yo kubika ingufu, miliyoni 13.55 za kilowatt z’umushinga w’ingufu z’amashanyarazi.
Nkumuhuza wingenzi murwego rwinganda zifotora, insinga za Photovoltaque zifite amahirwe menshi yiterambere. Ubushinwa, Amerika n'Uburayi ni uturere dutatu dufite ingufu nini nini zashyizwemo amashanyarazi, zingana na 43%, 28% na 18% by'isi yose uko yakabaye. Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumuzunguruko wa DC mubikoresho bitangiza sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi. Urwego rwumuvuduko wabo mubusanzwe ni 0,6 / 1kV cyangwa 0.4 / 0,6kV, kandi bimwe bingana na 35kV. Hamwe nigihe cyibihe byuburinganire, inganda zifotora zigiye kwinjira murwego rwo gukura guturika. Mu myaka 5-8 iri imbere, Photovoltaics izaba imwe mumasoko y'amashanyarazi ku isi.
Iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zibika ingufu naryo ntirishobora guterwa inkunga ninsinga zingufu nshya. Ibisabwa ku nsinga za DC zifite ingufu nyinshi, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza ibikoresho byo kwishyuza no gusohora hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura sitasiyo y’ingufu zibika ingufu, hamwe n’insinga ziciriritse n’amashanyarazi aciriritse, zikoreshwa mu guhuza imashini zihindura imashini, akabati ko gukwirakwiza, n’ibikoresho bito bito cyane nko gucana no kugenzura kuri sitasiyo zibika ingufu, nabyo biziyongera ku buryo bugaragara. Hamwe nogutezimbere intego ya "dual carbone" no guteza imbere tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium, inganda zibika ingufu zizatangiza umwanya mugari witerambere, kandi insinga nshya zingufu zizabigiramo uruhare.
Guhanga udushya no kurengera ibidukikije insinga z'ingufu nshya
Iterambere ry'insinga nshya z'ingufu ntirisaba gusa imikorere yo hejuru no kwizerwa, ahubwo risaba kurengera ibidukikije hamwe na karuboni nkeya. Ubushakashatsi niterambere hamwe n’umusaruro w’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe n’insinga zidasanzwe n’insinga byabaye inzira ikomeye mu nganda. Kurugero, iterambere ryibicuruzwa bikwiranye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru birashobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye yibikoresho nkingufu zumuyaga nizuba ryizuba mubidukikije bikabije. Mugihe kimwe, hamwe no kubaka gride yubwenge no kubona amashanyarazi yatanzwe, insinga ninsinga nabyo bigomba kugira ubwenge buhanitse kandi bwizewe.
Abakora insinga bashora imari mubushakashatsi niterambere kandi batangije urukurikirane rwibicuruzwa bidasanzwe kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa hejuru yinsinga mumashanyarazi mashya. Muri ibyo bicuruzwa harimo insinga zifasha gufotora zifata ibyuma bikwiranye n’igisenge kibase, insinga zuba zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba kugirango zishyirwemo neza, insinga za tension ya pulleys ya sisitemu yo gukurikirana, hamwe ninsinga zo kwishyiriraho ibirundo hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Iterambere ry'icyatsi ryabaye ubwumvikane ku isi yose, kandi amashanyarazi, nk'inganda shingiro ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu, byanze bikunze izatera imbere mu cyerekezo kibisi na karuboni nkeya. Flame-retardant, halogen-free, umwotsi muke, hamwe na karuboni nkeya zangiza ibidukikije insinga ninsinga birashakishwa cyane nisoko. Abakora insinga bagabanya ibyuka bihumanya ibicuruzwa bitezimbere ibikoresho nibikorwa, kandi batezimbere ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byongerewe agaciro kugirango byuzuze ibikenewe.
Ibizaza
Intsinga nshya zingufu, hamwe nibikorwa byihariye, zitanga inkunga ikomeye mugutezimbere inganda nshya. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwikoranabuhanga rishya ryingufu no gukomeza kwagura isoko, icyifuzo cyinsinga zingufu zizakomeza kwiyongera. Ibi ntibiteza imbere udushya twikoranabuhanga gusa mu nganda zikoresha insinga, ahubwo binateza imbere iterambere ryibice bifitanye isano nka siyanse yibikoresho, inzira yo gukora, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryo kugerageza.
Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje kugaragara mu ikoranabuhanga, imikorere y’insinga nshya z’ingufu zizakomeza gutera imbere, bizashyiraho urufatiro rwo gukoresha amashanyarazi y’icyatsi ku isi hose. Intsinga nyinshi zifite ingufu zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zizinjira mubuzima bwacu buhoro buhoro, zifashe guhindura imiterere yingufu zisi, kandi zigire uruhare runini mu iterambere rirambye. Inganda zikoresha insinga nazo zizakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi zimenyereze mu cyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’icyatsi, kandi zongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’inyungu z’inganda zishyiraho uburyo bw’imikorere y’ubwenge n’ikoranabuhanga, biteza imbere iterambere rihuriweho n’ibigo byinjira n’ibisohoka mu rwego rw’inganda, kandi amaherezo bizagera ku ntego y’iterambere ryiza.
Nkigice cyingenzi cyumuhanda w'amashanyarazi uzaza, insinga nshya zingufu zifite ibyifuzo byinshi kandi byiterambere ryinshi. Hamwe no guhindura imiterere yingufu zisi no gukomeza gutera imbere kwikoranabuhanga, insinga nshya zingufu zizagira uruhare runini muguhindura ingufu kwisi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2024