Bitewe n'impinduka mu miterere y'ingufu ku isi no gukomeza gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, insinga nshya z'ingufu zigenda ziba ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu bijyanye no kohereza no gukwirakwiza ingufu. Insinga nshya z'ingufu, nk'uko izina ribisobanura, ni ubwoko bw'insinga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu guhuza amashami nka ingufu nshya, kubika ingufu n'imodoka nshya z'ingufu. Izi nsinga ntizifite imikorere y'amashanyarazi nk'iy'insinga zisanzwe gusa, ahubwo zigomba no guhangana n'ibibazo byinshi mu mikoreshereze mishya y'ingufu, harimo ikirere gikabije, ibidukikije bigoye cyane by'amashanyarazi n'imitingito ikomeye ya mekanike. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma ahazaza h'insinga nshya z'ingufu n'amahirwe yazo yo kuzikoresha mu buryo bugari.
Imikorere idasanzwe n'imbogamizi z'insinga nshya z'ingufu
Imiterere n'uburyo bwo guhitamo insinga nshya z'ingufu ni ibintu byihariye kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu nzego zitandukanye. Mu rwego rwo gutanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, insinga za photovoltaic array zikoreshwa mu guhuza ibice by'imashini za photovoltaic. Izi nsinga zigaragara hanze umwaka wose, bityo ni ngombwa kurwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet no gusaza kw'ibikoresho. Insinga za photovoltaic ubusanzwe zikoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda ikirere cyane.XLPEIbikoresho byo gukingira umuriro n'ibikoresho byo hanze bya polyolefine bidacika kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza igihe kirekire. Insinga zihuza inverter zigomba kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umuriro neza, bityo insinga za PVC zirinda umuriro ni zo za mbere zigomba guhitamo.
Ibisabwa ku nsinga mu bijyanye no gutanga ingufu z'umuyaga nabyo birakomeye. Insinga ziri muri moteri zigomba kuba zishobora kwihuza n'ingaruka zikomeye z'amashanyarazi. Igisubizo gisanzwe ni ugukoresha insinga z'umuringa mu kuziba kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka mbi z'amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, insinga z'iminara, insinga zo kugenzura, n'ibindi muri sisitemu zo gutanga ingufu z'umuyaga nabyo bigomba kuba byizewe cyane kandi birwanya ikirere kugira ngo bihangane n'ibidukikije bigoye kandi bihindagurika.
Urwego rw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu rufite ibisabwa cyane ku bwiza n'imikorere y'insinga. Insinga z'amashanyarazi zifite ingufu nyinshi zishinzwe guhuza bateri, moteri na sisitemu zo gusharija. Zikoresha ibyuma by'umuringa bifite ubuziranenge bwinshi hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gukingira bya XLPE kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'ingufu. Kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi za electromagnetic, igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga gihuza urwego rw'uburinzi rwa aluminiyumu n'insinga z'umuringa. Insinga zo gusharija za AC na DC zishyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo gusharija, zishimangira ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro mwinshi n'imikorere myiza yo gukingira kugira ngo zirinde umutekano n'imikorere y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu.
Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu nabwo bushingiye ku nsinga. Insinga zihuza batiri zigomba kuba zishobora kwihanganira impinduka zihuse mu muvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, bityo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi nka XLPE cyangwa rubber yihariye birakoreshwa. Insinga zihuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu n'urukuta zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi zikagira ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibidukikije kugira ngo zirinde umutekano w'ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi.
Isoko ry'ibikenewe n'iterambere ry'insinga nshya z'ingufu
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje no gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ingufu, inganda nk’ingufu z’umuyaga, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, n’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zazamuye iterambere rikomeye, kandi icyifuzo cy’insinga nshya zikoresha ingufu nacyo cyariyongereye cyane. Amakuru agaragaza ko ingano y’imishinga mishya y’ingufu izatangizwa mu 2024 izagera ku rwego rwo hejuru, aho ingano yose y’imishinga y’ingufu izatangizwa izagera kuri kilowati miliyoni 28 buri mwaka, harimo kilowati miliyoni 7.13 z’imishinga ikora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, kilowati miliyoni 1.91 z’imishinga yo kubika ingufu, kilowati miliyoni 13.55 z’imishinga ikoresha umuyaga, na kilowati miliyoni 11 z’imishinga yo gusimbuza bateri z’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu.
Nk'umuyoboro w'ingenzi mu ruhererekane rw'inganda zikora imashini zitanga umuriro, insinga zitanga umuriro zifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere. Ubushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Uburayi ni byo turere dutatu dufite ubushobozi bushya bwa fotovoltaic bunini cyane, bungana na 43%, 28% na 18% by'umubare rusange w'isi. Insinga zitanga umuriro zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro ya DC mu bikoresho bitanga ingufu za negative. Urugero rwazo rw'amashanyarazi akenshi ni 0.6/1kV cyangwa 0.4/0.6kV, kandi zimwe ziba hejuru ya 35kV. Hamwe n'igihe cy'uburinganire, inganda zitanga umuriro zigiye kwinjira mu cyiciro cy'iterambere rikomeye. Mu myaka 5-8 iri imbere, fotovoltaic izaba imwe mu masoko y'amashanyarazi ku isi.
Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zibika ingufu naryo ntirishobora gutandukanywa n’inkunga y’insinga nshya z’ingufu. Ubukene bw’insinga za DC zifite amashanyarazi menshi, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza ibikoresho byo gusharija no gusohora umuriro n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibigo by’amashanyarazi bibika ingufu, hamwe n’insinga za AC zifite amashanyarazi make n’aciriritse, zikoreshwa mu guhuza transformateur, utubati dukwirakwiza ingufu, n’ibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi make nk’amatara no kugenzura ibigo by’amashanyarazi bibika ingufu, nabyo biziyongera cyane. Hamwe no guteza imbere intego ya "karubone ebyiri" no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ya lithiamu, inganda zibika ingufu zizazana iterambere ryagutse, kandi insinga nshya z’ingufu zizagira uruhare runini muri zo.
Udushya mu bya tekiniki no kurengera ibidukikije mu nsinga nshya z'ingufu
Guteza imbere insinga nshya z'ingufu ntibisaba gusa imikorere myiza n'ubwizerwe, ahubwo bisaba no kurengera ibidukikije no kugabanya karuboni. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere no gukora insinga n'insinga zirinda ibidukikije, zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi zifite imikorere yihariye byabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda. Urugero, guteza imbere insinga zikwiriye ibidukikije bishyushye cyane bishobora gutuma ibikoresho nk'ingufu z'umuyaga n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bikomeza gukora neza mu bidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no kubaka imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igezweho no kubona amasoko y'amashanyarazi akwirakwijwe, insinga n'insinga nabyo bigomba kugira ubwenge n'ubwizerwe byo hejuru.
Abakora insinga barimo gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere, kandi batangije urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa byihariye by'insinga kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe cyane ku nsinga mu rwego rushya rw'ingufu. Ibi bicuruzwa birimo insinga zishyigikira module ya photovoltaic zikwiriye cyane ku bisenge birebire, insinga z'amashanyarazi zikoresha imirasire y'izuba kugira ngo zishyirweho zidahinduka, insinga zikoresha ibyuma bipima insinga zikoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'insinga zikoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Iterambere ry’ibidukikije ryabaye ubwumvikane mpuzamahanga, kandi amashanyarazi, nk'inganda z'ibanze mu bukungu bw'igihugu, nta kabuza azatera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’ibidukikije n’ibikomoka kuri karuboni nke. Insinga n'insinga zirinda umuriro, zitagira halogen, zikoresha umwotsi muke, kandi zirinda ibidukikije nke zirimo gushakishwa cyane n'isoko. Abakora insinga bagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu bicuruzwa binyuze mu kunoza ibikoresho n'imikorere, kandi bagakora ibicuruzwa byihariye bifite agaciro kongerewe kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu bihe runaka.
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Insinga nshya z'ingufu, hamwe n'imikorere yazo yihariye, zitanga inkunga ikomeye mu iterambere ry'inganda nshya z'ingufu. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'ingufu no kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe ku isoko, icyifuzo cy'insinga nshya z'ingufu kizakomeza kwiyongera. Ibi ntibiteza imbere gusa udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda z'insinga, ahubwo binateza imbere iterambere ry'amashami ajyanye nabyo nko mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho, inzira z'inganda, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugerageza.
Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga, imikorere y’insinga nshya z’ingufu izakomeza gutera imbere, bishyireho urufatiro rwo gukoresha amashanyarazi arengera ibidukikije hirya no hino ku isi. Insinga nshya z’ingufu nziza zizagenda zinjira mu buzima bwacu buhoro buhoro, zifashe guhindura imiterere y’ingufu ku isi, kandi zigire uruhare runini mu iterambere rirambye. Inganda z’insinga zizakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi zigakora mu cyerekezo cy’iterambere rirengera ibidukikije, kandi zinoze ipiganwa n’inyungu by’ibigo binyuze mu gushyiraho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere iterambere rihuriweho ry’ibigo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru n’ibyo mu rwego rwo hasi mu ruhererekane rw’inganda, kandi amaherezo zigere ku ntego y’iterambere rihambaye.
Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'umuhanda w'amashanyarazi w'ejo hazaza, insinga nshya z'ingufu zifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa n'ubushobozi bukomeye mu iterambere. Hamwe n'impinduka mu miterere y'ingufu ku isi no gukomeza gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, insinga nshya z'ingufu zizagira uruhare runini mu mpinduramatwara y'ingufu ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2024