Fibre ya Aramide, ngufi ya fibre ya aromatic polyamide, iri murutonde rwibintu bine byibanze byashyizwe imbere mugutezimbere mubushinwa, hamwe na fibre ya karubone, fibre ultra-high molecular polyethylene fibre (UHMWPE), na fibre basalt. Kimwe na nylon isanzwe, fibre ya aramid ni iyumuryango wa fibre polyamide, hamwe na amide ihuza urunigi nyamukuru. Itandukaniro ryibanze riri mu guhuza: nylon ya amide ihuza amatsinda ya alifatique, mugihe aramid ihujwe nimpeta ya benzene. Iyi mikorere idasanzwe ya molekulari itanga fibre fibre ikomeye cyane (> 20cN / dtex) na modulus (> 500GPa), bigatuma iba ibikoresho byatoranijwe byo gushimangira insinga zohejuru.
Ubwoko bwa Fibre ya Aramide
Aramid fibreahanini ikubiyemo fibre yuzuye ya polyamide hamwe na fibre ya heterocyclic aromatic polyamide, ishobora kurushaho gushyirwa mubice bya ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), na meta-aramid (PMTA). Muri ibyo, meta-aramid na para-aramid nizo zakozwe mu nganda. Urebye imiterere ya molekile, itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati yibi byombi riri mumwanya wa atome ya karubone mu mpeta ya benzene ifatanye na amide. Itandukaniro ryimiterere riganisha ku itandukaniro rikomeye mumiterere yubukanishi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, cyangwa poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), izwi kandi mu Bushinwa nka Aramid 1414, ni polymer ndende ifite umurongo urenga 85% by’imigozi ya amide ifitanye isano n’impeta nziza. Ibicuruzwa byatsindiye cyane para-aramid ni Kevlar® ya DuPont na Twaron® ya Teijin, yiganje ku isoko ryisi. Nibwo fibre yambere yigeze ikorwa hifashishijwe amazi ya kristaline polymer yizunguruka, itangiza ibihe bishya byimikorere ikora neza. Kubijyanye nubukanishi, imbaraga zacyo zirashobora kugera kuri 3.0-3,6 GPa, modulus ya elastike 70-170 GPa, no kurambura kuruhuka 2-4%. Ibi biranga bidasanzwe bitanga ibyiza bidasubirwaho mugukomeza insinga ya optique, kurinda ballistique, nizindi nzego.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, cyangwa poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), izwi kandi mu Bushinwa nka Aramide 1313, ni fibre kama irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imiterere ya molekulire igizwe nitsinda rito rihuza impeta ya meta-fenylene, ikora urunigi rwumurongo wa zigzag rutunganijwe neza na hydrogène ikomeye ya intermolecular mumurongo wa 3D. Iyi miterere iha fibre hamwe no kutagira umuriro mwiza, guhagarara neza, hamwe no kurwanya imirasire. Igicuruzwa gisanzwe ni Nomex® ya DuPont, hamwe na Indanganturo ya Oxygene (LOI) ya 28-32, ubushyuhe bwikirahure bwa dogere 275 ° C, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa serivisi bukomeza hejuru ya 200 ° C, bigatuma bukoreshwa cyane mumigozi irwanya umuriro hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibintu Byiza bya Aramid Fibre
Fibre ya Aramide itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe, modulus nyinshi, irwanya ubushyuhe, aside na alkali irwanya, uburemere buke, izirinda, kurwanya gusaza, ubuzima burebure, ubuzima bwimiti, nta bitonyanga byashongeshejwe mugihe cyo gutwikwa, hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Uhereye kuri kabili ikoreshwa, para-aramid iruta meta-aramide mukurwanya ubushyuhe, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa serivise ikomeza ya -196 kugeza 204 ° C kandi nta kubora cyangwa gushonga kuri 500 ° C. Ibintu bya Para-aramid bizwi cyane harimo imbaraga zidasanzwe, modulus nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya imiti, n'ubucucike buke. Imbaraga zayo zirenga 25 g / dtex - inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 6 zicyuma cyiza cyane, inshuro 3 za fiberglass, ninshuro ebyiri zububasha bukomeye bwa nylon inganda. Modulus yayo ni inshuro 2-33 z'ibyuma cyangwa fiberglass hamwe ninshuro 10 za nylon-ikomeye. Irakomeye inshuro ebyiri nkinsinga zicyuma kandi ipima hafi 1/5 gusa, bigatuma ikwiranye cyane nogukoresha nko gushimangira insinga za optique, insinga zo mumazi, nubundi bwoko bwa kabili yo murwego rwohejuru.
Ibikoresho bya tekinike ya Aramide Fibre
Meta-aramid ni polymer yoroheje ifite imbaraga zo kumena hejuru ya polyester isanzwe, ipamba, cyangwa nylon. Ifite umuvuduko muremure, ukuboko kworoshye kumva, kuzunguruka neza, kandi irashobora kubyara fibre ngufi cyangwa filaments zo gutandukana. Irashobora kuzunguruka mu mwenda no kudoda ukoresheje imashini isanzwe yimyenda kandi igatunganywa kugirango imyenda ikingira inganda zitandukanye. Mumashanyarazi, meta-aramid ya flame-retardant hamwe nubushyuhe burwanya ubushyuhe biragaragara. Hamwe na LOI irenze 28, ntabwo izakomeza gutwika nyuma yo kuva mumuriro. Kurwanya urumuri rwacyo ni imiterere yimiterere yimiti, bigatuma ikomeza gucana umuriro-idashobora kwihanganira gutakaza imikorere kubera gukaraba cyangwa gukoresha igihe kirekire. Meta-aramid ifite ubushyuhe buhebuje, hamwe no gukomeza gukoresha 205 ° C no kugumana imbaraga ndetse no mubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 205 ° C. Ubushyuhe bwacyo bwangirika ni bwinshi, kandi ntibushonga cyangwa ngo butonywe ku bushyuhe bwinshi, gusa butangira karubone hejuru ya 370 ° C. Iyi miterere ituma biba byiza kubitera no gushimangira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa insinga zidashobora kuzimya umuriro.
Imiti ihamye ya Aramide Fibre
Meta-aramid ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya imiti myinshi hamwe na acide ya organic organique, nubwo yunvikana na acide sulfurike na nitricike. Ifite kandi alkali nziza yo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Imirasire irwanya fibre ya Aramide
Meta-aramid yerekana imishwarara idasanzwe. Kurugero, mugihe kinini kimara 1.2 × 10⁻² W / cm² ultraviolet yumucyo hamwe nimirasire ya gamma 1,72 × 10⁸, imbaraga zayo ntizihinduka. Uku kurwanya imirasire idasanzwe bituma bikwiranye cyane ninsinga zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya nucleaire hamwe nicyogajuru.
Kuramba kwa Fibre ya Aramide
Meta-aramid irerekana kandi gukuramo neza no kurwanya imiti. Nyuma yo gukaraba 100, imyenda ikozwe mu gihugu imbere meta-aramid igumana hejuru ya 85% yimbaraga zayo zambere. Mubikoresho bya kabili, ubu burambe butuma imikorere yigihe kirekire yamashanyarazi namashanyarazi.
Porogaramu ya Aramid Fibre
Fibre ya Aramide ikoreshwa cyane mu kirere cy’Ubushinwa, mu binyabiziga, mu mashanyarazi, mu bwubatsi, no mu mikino ya siporo bitewe n’imiterere y’imashini nziza, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe n’imiti ihamye. Ifatwa nkibikoresho byingenzi byiterambere ryigihe kizaza cyinganda zikora neza. By'umwihariko, aramid igira uruhare rudasubirwaho mubijyanye n'itumanaho rya optique, insinga z'amashanyarazi, insinga zidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, insinga zo mu mazi, hamwe n'insinga zidasanzwe.
Ikirere hamwe na Gisirikare
Fibre ya Aramide igaragaramo ubucucike buke, imbaraga nyinshi, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Irakoreshwa cyane mubice bigize ibinyabiziga byo mu kirere, nka moteri ya roketi hamwe na radiyo yagutse. Ibikoresho byayo bigizwe ningaruka nziza zo guhangana ningaruka za electromagnetic yumucyo, bigabanya cyane uburemere bwindege no kongera umutekano. Mu rwego rw’ingabo, aramide ikoreshwa mu ikoti ridafite amasasu, ingofero, hamwe n’ibikoresho bidashobora guturika, bikaba ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gisekuru kizaza cyo kurinda igisirikare cyoroheje.
Imirima yo kubaka no gutwara abantu
Mu nganda zubaka, fibre ya aramid ikoreshwa mugukomeza ibyubaka na sisitemu ya kabili kubera uburemere bwayo, bworoshye, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Nibyiza cyane cyane gushimangira inzego zidasanzwe. Mu bwikorezi, aramid ikoreshwa mumyenda yipine yimodoka nindege. Amapine ashimangirwa na Aramide atanga imbaraga nyinshi, kwihanganira gucumita, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kuramba kumurimo muremure, byujuje ibyifuzo byimodoka yihuta kandi yindege.
Amashanyarazi, Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki, n'inganda za Cable
Fibre ya Aramid ifite porogaramu zigaragara cyane mu mashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n’insinga n’inganda zikoresha insinga, cyane cyane mu bice bikurikira:
Abanyamuryango ba Tensile mumashanyarazi ya optique: Hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi hamwe na modulus, fibre aramid ikora nkumunyamuryango wa tensile mumashanyarazi ya optique, ikingira fibre optique idashobora guhinduka kugirango ihindurwe kandi itume ibimenyetso bihoraho.
Gushimangira mu nsinga: Mu nsinga zidasanzwe, insinga zo mu mazi, insinga z'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'insinga zidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, aramid ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikintu cyo gushimangira hagati cyangwa ibirwanisho. Ugereranije nibyuma byongera imbaraga, aramid itanga imbaraga zisumba uburemere buke, izamura cyane insinga zingirakamaro hamwe nubukanishi.
Kwirinda no gucana umuriro: Ibikoresho bya Aramide bifite dielectric nziza nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Zikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo kubika insinga, amakoti ya flame-retardant, hamwe na halogen idafite umwotsi muke. Impapuro za Aramide, nyuma yo kwinjizwa hamwe na langi ya insuline, ihujwe na mika karemano kugirango ikoreshwe muri moteri na moteri bihindura ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Umugozi wokwirinda umuriro hamwe na gari ya moshi: Aramide fibre isanzwe irwanya flame hamwe no kwihanganira ubushyuhe bituma biba byiza gukoreshwa mumigozi yubwato, insinga za gari ya moshi, hamwe ninsinga zirwanya umuriro wa kirimbuzi, aho amahame yumutekano akomeye.
EMC na Lightweighting: Aramid nziza cyane ya electromagnetic ya transparency hamwe na dielectric ihoraho ituma ikwiranye na EMI ikingira ibice, radar radomes, hamwe nibikoresho bya optoelectronic, bifasha kunoza imiyoboro ya electronique no kugabanya uburemere bwa sisitemu.
Ibindi Porogaramu
Bitewe n’impeta nyinshi zifite impumuro nziza, fibre ya aramid itanga imiti ihamye y’imiti no kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma ikwiranye n’umugozi wo mu nyanja, insinga zogucukura amavuta, hamwe n’insinga zoherejwe hejuru ya optique ahantu habi. Irakoreshwa kandi cyane mubikoresho bya siporo bihebuje, ibikoresho byo gukingira, hamwe na feri y’imodoka, kandi bigenda bifatwa nk’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije nka asibesitosi mu gushyiramo kashe no kuyikingira, imashanyarazi y’amashyanyarazi, hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bifunga kashe, bikora neza ndetse n’umutekano w’ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-31-2025