Fibre ya Aramide, mu magambo make, fibre ya polyamide ihumura neza, iri ku rutonde rw'imigozi ine ifite imikorere myiza yashyizwe imbere mu iterambere mu Bushinwa, hamwe na fibre ya karuboni, fibre ya polyethylene ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile (UHMWPE), na fibre ya basalt. Kimwe na nylon isanzwe, fibre ya aramide iri mu muryango w'imigozi ya polyamide, ifite imigozi ya amide mu ruhererekane rw'ingenzi rwa molekile. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu migozi: imigozi ya amide ya nylon ihujwe n'amatsinda ya aliphatic, mu gihe iya aramide ihujwe n'impeta za benzene. Iyi miterere yihariye ya molekile ituma fibre ya aramide ifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane (>20cN/dtex) na modulus (>500GPa), bigatuma iba ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu gushimangira insinga zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Ubwoko bwa Fibre ya Aramid
Fibre ya Aramideahanini harimo imiyoboro ya polyamide yuzuye aromatic hamwe n'imiyoboro ya polyamide heterocyclic aromatic, ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), na meta-aramid (PMTA). Muri ibyo, meta-aramid na para-aramid ni byo byagiye bihinduka inganda. Ukurikije imiterere ya molekile, itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'ibi byombi riri mu mwanya wa atome ya karuboni mu ruziga rwa benzene aho umugozi wa amide ufatanye. Iri tandukaniro ry'imiterere rituma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye mu miterere ya mekanike no kudahungabana k'ubushyuhe.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, cyangwa poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), izwi kandi mu Bushinwa nka Aramid 1414, ni polymeri ifite umurongo munini ifite aside irenga 85% ifitanye isano itaziguye n'impeta zihumura neza. Ibicuruzwa bya para-aramid byatsinze cyane mu bucuruzi ni Kevlar® ya DuPont na Twaron® ya Teijin, byiganje ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ni yo fibre ya mbere yakozwe hakoreshejwe umuti wa polymeri uzunguruka w'amazi, binazana igihe gishya cy'imigozi ya sintetike ikora neza. Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ya mekanike, imbaraga zayo zo gukurura zishobora kugera kuri 3.0–3.6 GPa, modulus ya elastic 70–170 GPa, no kurekura iyo bicitse 2–4%. Iyi miterere idasanzwe iha inyungu zidasimburwa mu kongera imbaraga mu gushimangira insinga z'amashanyarazi, kurinda ballistic, n'ibindi.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, cyangwa poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), izwi kandi mu Bushinwa nka Aramid 1313, ni fibre organic iyobora mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Imiterere yayo ya molekile igizwe n'amatsinda ya amide ahuza impeta za meta-phenylene, igakora uruhererekane rw'umurongo ruzunguruka ruhamye bitewe n'imigozi ikomeye ya hydrogen hagati ya molekile mu muyoboro wa 3D. Iyi miterere iha fibre ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha umuriro neza, kudahindagurika k'ubushyuhe, no kudahangana n'imirasire. Igicuruzwa gisanzwe ni DuPont's Nomex®, ifite Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ya 28–32, ubushyuhe bw'ikirahure bwa 275°C, n'ubushyuhe buhoraho buri hejuru ya 200°C, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu nsinga zirinda umuriro n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Imiterere idasanzwe ya Aramid Fibre
Fibre ya Aramid itanga imbaraga nyinshi cyane, modulus nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya aside na alkali, uburemere buke, ubushyuhe buke, kurwanya gusaza, kuramba igihe kirekire, kudahindagurika kwa shimi, kudashonga kw'ibitonyanga mu gihe cyo gutwika, n'imyuka idahumanya. Ukurikije uburyo insinga zikoreshwa, para-aramid irusha meta-aramid mu kurwanya ubushyuhe, ifite ubushyuhe buhoraho kuva kuri -196 kugeza 204°C kandi nta kubora cyangwa gushonga kuri 500°C. Imiterere igaragara ya Para-aramid irimo imbaraga nyinshi cyane, modulus nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya shimi, n'ubucucike buke. Ingufu zayo zirenga 25 g/dtex—inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 6 z'icyuma cyiza cyane, inshuro 3 z'icyuma cya fiberglass, n'inshuro ebyiri z'ubudodo bukomeye bwa nylon. Modulus yayo ikubye inshuro 2-3 z'icyuma cyangwa fiberglass n'inshuro 10 z'icyuma gikomeye cya nylon. Ikomeye inshuro ebyiri kurusha insinga z'icyuma kandi ipima hafi 1/5 gusa, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza cyane nko gushimangira insinga z'amashanyarazi, insinga zo munsi y'amazi, n'izindi nsinga zigezweho.
Imiterere ya Aramid Fiber mu buryo bwa tekiniki
Meta-aramid ni polymeri yoroshye kandi ifite imbaraga zisenyuka kurusha polyester isanzwe, ipamba, cyangwa nayiloni. Ifite umuvuduko wo hejuru wo kurenga, intoki zoroshye, ikora neza, kandi ishobora gukorwamo imigozi migufi cyangwa uduce dutandukanye twa denier. Ishobora kuzungurutswa mu myenda n'ibitari ubudodo hakoreshejwe imashini zisanzwe z'imyenda kandi igatunganywa kugira ngo ihuze n'imyenda irinda inganda zitandukanye. Mu bijyanye no gukingira amashanyarazi, imiterere ya meta-aramid irinda umuriro kandi irinda ubushyuhe iragaragara. Iyo ifite LOI irenze 28, ntabwo izakomeza gushya nyuma yo kuva mu muriro. Ubudahangarwa bwayo bw'umuriro ni ingenzi mu miterere yayo ya shimi, bigatuma idahangarwa n'umuriro burundu—irinda gutakaza imikorere bitewe no kumesa cyangwa gukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Meta-aramid ifite ubushyuhe buhamye, ikoreshwa buri gihe kuri 205°C kandi igumana imbaraga nyinshi ndetse no ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 205°C. Ubushyuhe bwayo bwo kubora buri hejuru, kandi ntishonga cyangwa ngo itose ku bushyuhe bwinshi, itangira gusa gukaraba hejuru ya 370°C. Iyi miterere ituma iba nziza cyane mu gushyiramo ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa insinga zirinda umuriro.
Ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire bya Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza ku bintu byinshi bya shimi na aside inorganic nyinshi, nubwo ishobora kwangirika kuri aside sulfure na nitrike nyinshi. Ifite kandi ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa alkali mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
Ubudahangarwa bw'imirasire ya Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid igaragaza ubudahangarwa budasanzwe bw'imirasire. Urugero, iyo imaze igihe kirekire ihura n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet rwa 1.2 × 10⁻² W / cm² na rays ya gamma ya 1.72 × 10⁸ rad, imbaraga zayo ntizihinduka. Ubu budahangarwa budasanzwe bw'imirasire butuma ikwiriye cyane cyane insinga zikoreshwa mu bigo by'ingufu za kirimbuzi n'ibyogajuru.
Kuramba kwa Fibre ya Aramid
Meta-aramid kandi igaragaza uburyohe bwiza bwo kwangirika no kudakoresha imiti. Nyuma yo kozwa inshuro 100, umwenda ukozwe muri meta-aramid ikorerwa mu gihugu ugumana hejuru ya 85% by'imbaraga zawo zo kwangirika. Mu gukoresha insinga, uku kuramba gutuma imikorere y'amashanyarazi n'iy'amashanyarazi ihora ihamye mu gihe kirekire.
Imikoreshereze ya Aramid Fiber
Fibre ya Aramid ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’indege, imodoka, amashanyarazi, ubwubatsi, n’imikino zo mu Bushinwa bitewe n’imiterere yayo myiza ya mekanike, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, no kudahindagurika mu bushyuhe. Ifatwa nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry’inganda zikora neza mu gihe kizaza. By’umwihariko, aramid igira uruhare rudasimburwa mu bijyanye n’insinga z’itumanaho, insinga z’amashanyarazi, insinga zirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, insinga zo munsi y’amazi, n’insinga zidasanzwe.
Ibibuga by'Indege n'ibya Gisirikare
Fibre ya Aramid ifite ubucucike buke, imbaraga nyinshi, kandi irwanya ingese neza. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bice by'imiterere y'imodoka zo mu kirere, nko mu dusanduku twa roketi na radome. Ibikoresho byayo bigizwe n'ibice bigaragaza ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'ingaruka no kugaragara neza kw'imiraba ya electromagnetic, bigabanya cyane uburemere bw'indege kandi bikongera umutekano. Mu rwego rw'ingabo, aramid ikoreshwa mu makoti adapfa amasasu, ingofero, n'ibikoresho bidapfa guturika, bigatuma iba ibikoresho bikomeye mu gihe kizaza cyo kurinda abasirikare boroheje.
Inzego z'Ubwubatsi n'Ubwikorezi
Mu nganda z'ubwubatsi, fibre ya aramid ikoreshwa mu gukomeza inyubako no mu miyoboro y'ibiraro bitewe nuko yoroheje, yoroshye kandi idahura n'ingese. Igira akamaro cyane cyane mu gukomeza inyubako zidakora neza. Mu gutwara abantu, aramid ikoreshwa mu myenda y'amapine ku modoka n'indege. Amapine ya Aramid akoreshwa mu nsinga atanga imbaraga nyinshi, arwanya gutobora, arwanya ubushyuhe, kandi amara igihe kirekire, ahura n'ibikenewe mu mikorere y'imodoka zigezweho zihuta cyane n'indege.
Inganda z'amashanyarazi, iz'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'insinga
Fibre ya Aramid ifite akamaro kanini mu nganda zikora amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, insinga n'insinga, cyane cyane mu nzego zikurikira:
Ibice byo Gufata mu Nsinga z'Ikoranabuhanga: Bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gufata mu buryo buhanitse kandi butuma ibintu bihinduka, fibre ya aramid ikora nk'ibice byo gufata mu buryo buhanitse mu nsinga z'itumanaho, ikarinda insinga zoroshye za optique kwangirika mu gihe cyo gukanda no kwemeza ko ibimenyetso bihoraho byoherezwa.
Gukomeza Insinga: Mu nsinga zidasanzwe, insinga zo munsi y'amazi, insinga z'amashanyarazi, n'insinga zirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, aramid ikunze gukoreshwa nk'igice cyo hagati cyo gushimangira cyangwa urwego rw'ingabo. Ugereranyije n'ibyuma bikomeza, aramid itanga imbaraga nyinshi ku buremere buri hasi, yongera cyane imbaraga zo gukurura insinga no kudahungabana kwa mekanike.
Gukingira no Kudashyiramo umuriro: Ibikoresho bya Aramid bifite ubushobozi bwo kudahindura amashanyarazi no kudahindura ubushyuhe. Bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bikingira insinga, mu makoti akingira umuriro, no mu gitambaro cyo gutwikiramo umwotsi muke kidakoresha halogen. Impapuro za Aramid, nyuma yo gushyirwamo varnish ikingira umuriro, zihuzwa na mica karemano kugira ngo zikoreshwe muri moteri na transformateur zirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Insinga zirwanya umuriro n'izitwara abantu mu nzira ya gari ya moshi: Kuba fibre ya Aramid irwanya umuriro kandi ikihanganira ubushyuhe bituma iba nziza cyane mu nsinga z'ubwato, insinga zitwara abantu mu nzira ya gari ya moshi, n'insinga zirinda umuriro mu rwego rwa nuclear, aho amahame y'umutekano akomeye.
EMC na Lightweighting: Uburyo Aramid ikoresha amashanyarazi agezweho kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukoresha dielectric bituma ikoreshwa mu gukingira amashanyarazi aturutse kuri EMI, radomes za radar, n'ibice bihuza optoelectronic, bifasha kunoza imikorere ya electromagnetic no kugabanya uburemere bwa sisitemu.
Izindi porogaramu
Bitewe n'uko ifite impeta nyinshi zihumura neza, fibre ya aramid itanga ubushobozi bwo kudahungabana mu by'ubutabire no kurwanya ingese, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu migozi yo mu mazi, insinga zicukura peteroli, n'insinga zitwara amazi hejuru y'ubutaka mu bidukikije bikomeye. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya siporo byiza, ibikoresho byo kurinda, no mu bikoresho byo gufunga imodoka, kandi ikomeje gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gusimbura asbestos mu gushyiramo no gukingira, ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe, n'ibindi bikoresho byo gufunga, bigamije imikorere myiza n'umutekano w'ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Nyakanga-2025