Ibikoresho byo kuziba insinga z'amazi
Ibikoresho bifunga amazi muri rusange bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: active water blocking na passive water blocking. active water blocking ikoresha imiterere ifata amazi kandi ikabyimba y'ibikoresho bikora. Iyo agapfunyika cyangwa ingingo byangiritse, ibyo bikoresho birakura iyo bihuye n'amazi, bigatuma bigabanya kwinjira kwayo mu nsinga. Ibyo bikoresho birimogel ikura ifata amazi, kaseti ifunga amazi, ifu ifunga amazi,ubudodo buzitira amazi, n'umugozi ufunga amazi. Ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bwo gukumira amazi bukoresha ibikoresho bidakoresha amazi mu kuziba amazi hanze y'umugozi iyo icyuma cyangiritse. Ingero z'ibikoresho byo gukumira amazi bidakoresheje amazi ni icyuma cyuzuye peteroli, icyuma gishyushye gishonga, n'icyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe.
I. Ibikoresho byo kuziba amazi bidakoresha imbaraga
Kuzuza ibikoresho bifunga amazi mu buryo butari bwo, nka peteroli, mu nsinga ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo kuziba amazi mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi za mbere. Ubu buryo butuma amazi atinjira mu nsinga ariko bufite imbogamizi zikurikira:
1.Byongera cyane uburemere bw'insinga;
2. Bitera kugabanuka k'imikorere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi;
3. Ifu ya peteroli yanduza cyane imiyoboro y'insinga, bigatuma isuku igorana;
4. Uburyo bwose bwo kuzuza amazi buragoye kugenzura, kandi kuzuza amazi mu buryo butuzuye bishobora gutuma amazi adakora neza.
II. Ibikoresho bikoresha amazi mu kuziba
Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bikora mu kuziba amazi bikoreshwa mu nsinga ni kaseti ifunga amazi, ifu ifunga amazi, umugozi ufunga amazi, n'ubudodo bufunga amazi. Ugereranyije na peteroli, ibikoresho bikora mu kuziba amazi bifite ibi bikurikira: amazi menshi anyurwamo kandi bibyimba cyane. Bishobora kwinjiza amazi vuba kandi bikabyimba vuba bigatuma biba ikintu gisa na gel kibuza amazi kwinjira, bityo bigatuma insinga zirinda ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bikora mu kuziba amazi biroroshye, bifite isuku, kandi byoroshye gushyiraho no guhuza. Ariko kandi, bifite n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe:
1. Ifu ibuza amazi iragoye kuyifata neza;
2. Kaseti cyangwa ubudodo bufunga amazi bishobora kongera umurambararo w'inyuma, bikabangamira ubushyuhe, bikihutisha gusaza k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kohereza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi;
3. Ibikoresho bifunga amazi muri rusange birahenze cyane.
Isesengura ry’Imizingiro y’Amazi: Ubu, uburyo bw’ingenzi mu Bushinwa bwo kubuza amazi kwinjira mu nsinga zirinda amazi ni ukongera urwego rudaca amazi. Ariko, kugira ngo tugere ku mizingiro yuzuye y’amazi mu nsinga, ntitugomba gutekereza gusa ku kwinjira mu mazi mu buryo bwa radial ahubwo tugomba no gukumira neza ikwirakwira ry’amazi mu gihe cy’igihe kirekire iyo yinjiye mu nsinga.
Polyethylene (Inner Sheath) Isolation Layer: Gukuramo urwego rufunga amazi rwa polyethylene, hamwe n'urwego rufunga amazi (nk'ikaseti ifunga amazi), bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo amazi ahagarike amazi kandi birinde amazi mu nsinga zishyizwe ahantu hatose. Urwo rwego rufunga amazi rwa polyethylene rworoshye gukora kandi ntirusaba ibikoresho by'inyongera.
Kaseti ya aluminiyumu ipfundikiye muri pulasitiki. Ikiyiko cyo kwitandukanya n'amazi cya polyethylene: Iyo insinga zishyizwe mu mazi cyangwa ahantu hatose cyane, ubushobozi bwo kuziba amazi bwa polyethylene bushobora kuba budahagije. Ku nsinga zisaba ubushobozi bwo kuziba amazi bwa radial, ubu ni ibisanzwe gupfunyika urwego rwa kaseti ya aluminiyumu-plastiki ivanze n'amazi ku gice cy'imbere cy'insinga. Iki gipfundikizo kirinda amazi inshuro amagana cyangwa ibihumbi kurusha polyethylene isanzwe. Igihe cyose umugozi wa kaseti ivanze uhambiriye neza kandi ufunze, kwinjira mu mazi ntibishoboka. Kaseti ivanze n'icyuma cya aluminiyumu isaba uburyo bwo gupfunyika no guhuza mu gihe kirekire, busaba ishoramari ryinshi n'impinduka mu bikoresho.
Mu buhanga, kugera ku gufunga amazi mu gihe kirekire biragoye kurusha gufunga amazi mu gihe kirekire. Uburyo butandukanye, nko guhindura imiterere y’umuyoboro w’amazi mu buryo buhamye, bwakoreshejwe, ariko ingaruka zabwo ntizari nyinshi kuko hakiri icyuho mu muyoboro w’amazi ukaze gituma amazi akwirakwira binyuze mu miyoboro y’amazi. Kugira ngo ugere ku gufunga amazi mu gihe kirekire, ni ngombwa kuzuza icyuho mu muyoboro w’amazi ubuze amazi ukoresheje ibikoresho biwubuza amazi. Ibipimo bibiri bikurikira n’imiterere bishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo ugere ku gufunga amazi mu gihe kirekire mu nsinga:
1. Gukoresha ibyuma bifunga amazi. Shyiramo umugozi ufunga amazi, ifu ifunga amazi, ubudodo bufunga amazi, cyangwa uzingire kaseti ifunga amazi ku gikoresho gikanzwe cyane.
2. Gukoresha insinga zifunga amazi. Mu gihe cyo gukora insinga, uzuza insinga zifunga amazi, umugozi, cyangwa uzingire insinga ukoresheje kaseti ifunga amazi ifata amazi.
Muri iki gihe, ikibazo gikomeye mu gufunga amazi mu gihe kirekire kiri mu byuma bifunga amazi—uburyo bwo kuzuza ibintu bifunga amazi hagati y’ibyuma bifunga amazi n’ibintu bifunga amazi bigomba gukoreshwa biracyari ubushakashatsi bwibandaho.
Ⅲ. Umwanzuro
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukumira amazi hakoreshejwe imirasire rikoresha cyane cyane ibice byo kwirinda amazi bipfundikiye ku gice cyo gukingira cy’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, hamwe n’igice cyo gukingira kijyana amazi mu buryo bufata ubushuhe cyongewemo inyuma. Ku nsinga zifite amashanyarazi aciriritse, kaseti ivanze ya aluminiyumu na plastiki ikunze gukoreshwa, mu gihe insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi zikoresha amakoti yo gufunga icyuma cya lisansi, aluminiyumu, cyangwa icyuma kidashonga.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kuziba amazi mu gihe kirekire ryibanda cyane cyane ku kuzuza icyuho kiri hagati y’imigozi iyobora amazi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho biziba amazi kugira ngo bibuze gukwirakwira kw’amazi mu gice cy’imbere cy’umubiri. Ukurikije iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ririho ubu, kuzuza ifu ibuza amazi mu gihe kirekire bigira akamaro mu kuziba amazi mu gihe kirekire.
Kugera ku nsinga zidashobora kuvogerwa n’amazi bizagira ingaruka ku gushonga k’ubushyuhe bw’insinga no ku mikorere yayo, bityo ni ngombwa guhitamo cyangwa gushushanya imiterere ikwiye y’insinga zifunga amazi hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu buhanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare 14-2025