Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ku isi rya sisitemu zo gutanga amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic (PV), insinga za photovoltaic (insinga za PV)—nk'ibice by'ingenzi bihuza module za PV, inverters, n'udusanduku two guhuza—bigira uruhare runini mu mutekano no mu buzima rusange bw'uruganda rutanga amashanyarazi rukoresha imirasire y'izuba. Ugereranyije n'insinga zisanzwe z'amashanyarazi, insinga za photovoltaic zifite imiterere yihariye y'imiterere n'ibikoresho by'insinga.
1. Insinga ya Photovoltaic ni iki?
Insinga ya photovoltaic, izwi kandi nka insinga y'izuba cyangwa insinga yihariye ya PV, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, sisitemu za photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa, no mu nganda zishyirwa ku gisenge cya PV. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo PV1-F na H1Z2Z2-K, zubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga nka EN 50618 na IEC 62930.
Kubera ko insinga za PV zihora zigaragara ahantu ho hanze, zigomba gukora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, imirasire ikomeye ya ultraviolet, ubushyuhe buke, ubushuhe, no kwangirika kwa ozone. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyo zikenera mu bikoresho byo gukingira no gutwikira ibintu biri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'iby'insinga zisanzwe. Ibintu bisanzwe birangwa birimo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubuke, kurwanya gusaza kwa UV, kurwanya ingese, kudakoresha umuriro, kubungabunga ibidukikije, no kumara imyaka 25 cyangwa irenga.
2. Imbogamizi ku bikoresho bya Cable mu ikoreshwa rya Photovoltaic
Mu bikorwa nyabyo, insinga za photovoltaic zikunze gushyirwa hanze. Urugero, mu turere tw’i Burayi, ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bwa sisitemu za PV bushobora kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 100 mu gihe cy’izuba. Muri icyo gihe, insinga zihura n’imirasire ya UV igihe kirekire, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe bw’amanywa n’ijoro, ndetse n’imbaraga za mekanike.
Muri iyo mimerere, insinga zisanzwe za PVC cyangwa insinga zisanzwe za rubber ntizishobora kugumana imikorere ihamye igihe kirekire. Ndetse n'insinga za rubber zifite amanota yo gukora kuri dogere selisiyusi 90 cyangwa insinga za PVC zifite amanota yo gukora kuri dogere selisiyusi 70 zishobora gusaza, gucika kw'icyuma, no kwangirika vuba iyo zikoreshejwe muri sisitemu zo hanze za photovoltaic, bigatuma ubuzima bwa sisitemu bugabanuka cyane.
3. Imikorere y'ingenzi y'insinga za photovoltaic: Ibikoresho byihariye byo gukingira no gufunga
Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'imikorere y'insinga za photovoltaic bikomoka ahanini ku bikoresho byazo bya PV-specific insulation hamwe n'ibikoresho bya sheathing. Sisitemu y'ibikoresho ikoreshwa muri iki gihe ni polyolefin ifite imirasire ihuza, ishingiye kuri polyethylene nziza (PE) cyangwa izindi polyolefin.
Binyuze mu mirasire ya elegitoroniki, imiyoboro ya molekile y'ibikoresho inyura mu mikoranire, igahindura imiterere kuva kuri thermoplastic ikajya kuri thermoset. Iyi gahunda yongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kudasaza, no gukora neza kwa mekanike. Imirasire y'ibikoresho bya polyolefin ihuza imirasire ituma insinga za photovoltaic zikora buri gihe kuri 90–120°C, mu gihe kandi itanga ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushyuhe buke, kudasinzira imirasire ya UV, kudasinzira ozone, no kudasinzira imitsi ihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, ibi bikoresho nta halogen ikora kandi bikurikiza ibidukikije.
4. Kugereranya imiterere n'ibikoresho: Insinga za photovoltaic ugereranije n'insinga zisanzwe
4.1 Imiterere n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'insinga za photovoltaic
Kondukteri: Kondukteri y'umuringa yafashwe cyangwa kondukteri y'umuringa yakozwe mu gikombe, ihuza amashanyarazi menshi hamwe no kurwanya ingese
Uburyo bwo gukingira: Urusobe rw'imirasire ya polyolefin ifatanye n'imirasire (ibikoresho byo gukingira byihariye bya PV)
Urukuta rw'Umuheto: Urukuta rw'umuheto rwa polyolefin rufatanye n'imirasire, rutanga uburinzi bw'igihe kirekire bwo hanze
4.2 Imiterere n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'insinga zisanzwe
Umuyobora: Umuyobora w'umuringa cyangwa umuyobora w'umuringa wo mu gikombe
Uburyo bwo gukingira: PVC insulation compound cyangwaXLPE (poliyetinamu ifatanye)imvange y'ubushyuhe
Urusobe rw'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni:PVCimvange yo gupfuka
5. Itandukaniro ry'ibanze mu mikorere riterwa no guhitamo ibikoresho
Ukurikije uko icyuma gikoresha insinga zikoresha amashanyarazi (conductor), insinga zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic n'insinga zisanzwe ni bimwe. Itandukaniro ry'ibanze riri mu guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukingira no gukingira.
Utwuma twa PVC n'utwuma twa PVC dukoreshwa mu nsinga zisanzwe bikwiranye cyane cyane n'ahantu ho mu nzu cyangwa mu buryo bworoheje, bitanga ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kwibasirwa n'imirasire y'izuba, no gusaza. Mu buryo bunyuranye, utwuma twa polyolefin dufatanye n'imirasire n'utwuma twa shelefiya dukoreshwa mu nsinga za photovoltaic twakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo dukore hanze igihe kirekire kandi dushobora kugumana imikorere ihamye y'amashanyarazi n'imashini mu gihe cy'ibidukikije bikomeye.
Kubwibyo, nubwo gusimbuza insinga zisanzwe insinga za photovoltaic bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyibanze, byongera cyane ibyago byo kubungabunga kandi bigabanya igihe cyose sisitemu ya photovoltaic ikora.
6. Umwanzuro: Guhitamo ibikoresho bigena uburyo bwo kwizerana bw'igihe kirekire bwa sisitemu za PV
Insinga za photovoltaic si ibintu byoroshye gusimbura insinga zisanzwe, ahubwo ni ibikoresho byihariye byagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye mu gukoresha photovoltaic. Kuba zizewe igihe kirekire bishingiye ahanini ku guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga za PV bigezweho n'ibikoresho byo gupfuka, cyane cyane ikoreshwa rikwiye rya sisitemu z'ibikoresho bya polyolefin bifitanye isano n'imirasire.
Ku bashushanya sisitemu za PV, abashyiraho, n'abatanga ibikoresho by'insinga, gusobanukirwa neza itandukaniro riri hagati y'insinga za fotovoltaic n'insinga zisanzwe ni ingenzi kugira ngo inganda z'amashanyarazi za fotovoltaic zikore neza, zihamye kandi zirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2025