Mu bikoresho by'insinga n'insinga, imiterere y'uburinzi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bitandukanye: uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki n'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi. Uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukumira insinga z'ibimenyetso zikoresha frequency nyinshi (nk'insinga za RF n'insinga z'ikoranabuhanga) kugira ngo zidahungabanya ibidukikije byo hanze cyangwa ngo zibuze imiraba ya elegitoroniki yo hanze kugira ngo zidahungabanya insinga zohereza amazi adakomeye (nk'insinga z'ibimenyetso n'ibipimo), ndetse no kugabanya imvururu hagati y'insinga. Uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki, ku rundi ruhande, bugenewe kuringaniza amashanyarazi akomeye ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa ubuso bw'ubushyuhe bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi ziciriritse n'izifite voltage nyinshi.
1. Imiterere n'ibisabwa ku nyubako z'amashanyarazi zikingira ikirere
Ubwikingo bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi bugabanyijemo ibirimo uburinzi bw'icyuma, uburinzi bw'icyuma, n'uburinzi bw'icyuma. Dukurikije amahame ngenderwaho, insinga zifite voltage irenga 0.6/1 kV zigomba kugira urwego rw'icyuma rukingira, rushobora gushyirwa ku ngingo zikingira cyangwa ku ngingo rusange y'insinga. Ku nsinga zifite voltage ingana na 3.6/6 kV hakoreshejwe uburinzi bwa XLPE (polyethylene ifatanye), cyangwa insinga zifite voltage ingana na 3.6/6 kV hakoreshejwe uburinzi bworoheje bwa EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) (cyangwa uburinzi bukomeye bufite voltage ingana na 6/10 kV), hakenewe kandi imiterere y'uburinzi bw'imbere n'inyuma bugabanya uburinzi.
(1) Gukingira no Gukingira Ubwishingizi bw'Umuyoboro w'Ingufu
Ubwikingo bw'Umuyoboro w'Ingufu (Uburinzi bw'imbere bukoresha imiyoboro): Ubu bugomba kuba butari ubw'icyuma, bugizwe n'ibikoresho bikoresha imiyoboro cyangwa uruvange rwa kaseti ikoresha imiyoboro izunguruka umuyoboro w'Ingufu hanyuma hagakurikiraho ibikoresho bikoresha imiyoboro.
Uburinzi bwo Gukingira Ubwikorezi (Uburinzi bwo hanze bugabanya ubwikorezi): Ubu bushyirwa ku buso bw'inyuma bwa buri gice cy'imbere gishyushye kandi bufatanye neza cyangwa bugakurwaho n'urwego rwo gukingira.
Uduce tw’imbere n’inyuma duto twometseho umwotsi tugomba gufatanywa neza n’icyuma gikingira, gifite aho gihurira neza kitagira ibimenyetso bigaragara by’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, impande zityaye, uduce duto, ubushyuhe, cyangwa iminkanyari. Ubushobozi bwo kwirinda mbere na nyuma yo gusaza ntibugomba kurenza 1000 Ω·m ku gice gikingira umwotsi kandi ntibugomba kurenza 500 Ω·m ku gice gikingira umwotsi.
Ibikoresho byo kurinda imbere n'inyuma bikozwe mu kuvanga ibikoresho bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije (nk'imyanda ya polyethylene (XLPE) na ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)) hamwe n'inyongera nka karubone black, anti-aging agents, na ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Uduce tw'umukara wa karubone tugomba gukwirakwizwa mu buryo bungana muri polymer, nta guterana cyangwa gukwirakwira nabi.
Ubunini bw'ibice by'imbere n'inyuma by'ibice by'uburinzi bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi buriyongera uko ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziyongera. Kubera ko imbaraga z'amashanyarazi ku gipimo cy'uburinzi ari nyinshi imbere n'inyuma, ubunini bw'ibice by'uburinzi bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi nabwo bugomba kuba bunini imbere kandi bugakomera inyuma. Ku nsinga zifite uburebure bwa 6 ~ 10 ~ 35 kV, ubunini bw'igice cy'imbere busanzwe buri hagati ya mm 0.5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.8.
(2) Gukingira ibyuma
Insinga zifite voltage irenga 0.6/1 kV zigomba kugira urwego rwo kurinda icyuma. Urwego rwo kurinda icyuma rugomba gutwikira inyuma ya buri gice cy’imbere gishyushye cyangwa igice cy’imbere cy’insinga. Urwego rwo kurinda icyuma rushobora kuba rugizwe na kaseti imwe cyangwa nyinshi z’icyuma, imigozi y’icyuma, urwego rw’insinga z’icyuma, cyangwa uruvange rw’insinga z’icyuma na kaseti.
Mu Burayi no mu bihugu byateye imbere, aho hakoreshwa sisitemu ebyiri zishingiye ku mirasire kandi imirasire y'amashanyarazi ari miremire, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kurinda insinga z'umuringa. Mu Bushinwa, uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bukoreshwa ku mirasire imwe bukoreshwa cyane, bityo ubusanzwe uburyo bwo kurinda insinga z'umuringa bukoreshwa. Abakora insinga batunganya insinga bagura insinga z'umuringa bakoresheje kuzikata no kuzitera kugira ngo zoroshye mbere yo kuzikoresha. Insinga z'umuringa zoroshye zigomba kubahiriza amahame ya GB/T11091-2005 "Insinga z'umuringa".
Ubwikingo bw'icyuma gikingira imigozi bugomba kuba bugizwe n'urwego rumwe rwa kaseti y'umuringa yoroshye ifatanye cyangwa urwego rubiri rwa kaseti y'umuringa yoroshye ifatanye. Igipimo mpuzandengo cyo guhurirana kigomba kuba 15% by'ubugari bwa kaseti, aho igipimo cyo guhurirana kigomba kuba munsi ya 5%. Ubunini bw'icyuma gikingira imigozi bugomba kuba munsi ya 0.12 mm ku nsinga z'umuringa umwe na 0.10 mm ku nsinga z'umuringa nyinshi. Ubunini bugomba kuba munsi ya 90% by'agaciro gasanzwe.
Ubwikingo bw'insinga z'umuringa bugizwe n'insinga z'umuringa zoroshye zipfundikiye, ubuso bufatanye n'insinga z'umuringa zipfunyitse inyuma cyangwa kaseti. Uburemere bwazo bugomba kubahiriza amahame ya GB/T3956-2008 "Abayobora Insinga", kandi ubuso bwazo bugomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku bushobozi bw'umuriro w'ikosa.
2. Imikorere y'Ibice byo Kurinda n'Isano Bifitanye n'Ibipimo by'Umuvuduko w'Ingufu
(1) Imirimo yo kurinda imbere n'inyuma igice cy'umuyoboro
Imashini zitwara insinga zikunze kuba zigizwe n'insinga nyinshi zifunganye kandi zifatanye. Mu gihe cyo gusohora insinga, icyuho kiri hagati y'ubuso bw'imashini n'urwego rw'imashini zitwara insinga bishobora gutera ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho gusohora igice cy'amashanyarazi no gusohora igice cy'amashanyarazi, ibyo bigatuma amashanyarazi adakora neza. Mu gusohora urwego rw'ibikoresho bitwara insinga (conductor shielding) hagati y'ubuso bw'imashini n'urwego rw'imashini zitwara insinga, bishobora gufatana neza n'urufunguzo. Kubera ko urwego rw'imashini zitwara insinga rufite ubushobozi bumwe n'urufunguzo, icyuho icyo ari cyo cyose kiri hagati yazo ntikizagira ingaruka ku butaka bw'amashanyarazi, bityo bikarinda gusohora igice cy'amashanyarazi.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, icyuho kiri hagati y'ubuso bw'inyuma bw'icyuma n'icyuma gikingira (cyangwa icyuma gikingira) nacyo gishobora gutuma habaho gusohora igice cy'amazi, cyane cyane iyo umuriro uri hejuru. Mu gushyiramo urwego rw'ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (gukingira amashanyarazi) ku buso bw'inyuma bw'icyuma gikingira, bikora ubuso bufatanye n'icyuma gikingira, bigakuraho ingaruka z'amashanyarazi mu cyuho kandi bikarinda gusohora igice cy'amazi.
(2) Imirimo yo kurinda ibyuma
Imirimo yo kurinda ibyuma irimo: kuyobora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu bihe bisanzwe, gukora nk'inzira y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoresha amashanyarazi make (ikosa), gufunga amashanyarazi mu gice cyo gukingira (kugabanya ingaruka z'amashanyarazi ku bidukikije byo hanze), no kugenzura ko amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe (amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu amashanyarazi). Muri sisitemu eshatu z'insinga enye, ikora nk'umurongo utagira aho ubogamiye, itwara imiyoboro idahuje, kandi igatanga uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi bukoresha amashanyarazi.
3. Ku bijyanye na OW Cable
Nk’umucuruzi ukomeye w’ibikoresho fatizo by’insinga n’insinga, OW Cable itanga polyethylene nziza cyane (XLPE), kaseti z’umuringa, insinga z’umuringa, n’ibindi bikoresho byo kurinda bikoreshwa cyane mu gukora insinga z’amashanyarazi, insinga z’itumanaho, n’insinga zidasanzwe. Ibicuruzwa byacu byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi twiyemeje gutanga ibisubizo byizewe byo kurinda insinga ku bakiriya bacu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2025