Muri sisitemu zamashanyarazi zigezweho, insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zifite uruhare runini. Kuva ku mashanyarazi yo munsi y'ubutaka mu mijyi kugera ku ntera ndende yohereza hakurya y'imisozi n'inzuzi, insinga z'umuvuduko mwinshi zituma amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa neza, ahamye kandi neza. Iyi ngingo izasesengura byimbitse ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye rijyanye n’insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi, zirimo imiterere, ibyiciro, uburyo bwo gukora, ibiranga imikorere, kwishyiriraho no kubungabunga.
1.Ibanze shingiro ryinsinga za voltage nyinshi
Intsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zigizwe ahanini nuyobora, ibice byokwirinda, gukingira no kurinda.
Kiyobora ni umuyoboro wogukwirakwiza kandi mubisanzwe bikozwe mumuringa cyangwa aluminium. Umuringa ufite uburyo bwiza bwo guhindagurika no guhindagurika, mugihe aluminium iri hasi cyane kubiciro n'umucyo muburemere. Abayobora muri rusange bari muburyo bwimigozi myinshi ihindagurika kugirango bongere ubworoherane.
Igice cyo kubika ni igice cyingenzi cyumugozi wa voltage mwinshi, ugira uruhare mukurinda kumeneka kwubu no gutandukanya kiyobora hanze yisi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikingira harimo polyethylene (XLPE), impapuro zamavuta, nibindi. XLPE ifite ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi, birwanya ubushyuhe nimbaraga za mashini, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mumigozi igezweho ya voltage.
Igice cyo gukingira kigabanijwemo gukingira imbere no gukingira hanze. Inkinzo y'imbere ikoreshwa mu gukora umurima w'amashanyarazi kandi ikabuza gusohora kwangiza ibyangiritse; inkinzo yinyuma irashobora kugabanya kwivanga kwumurima wa electromagnetic yo hanze kumurongo, kandi ikanabuza umugozi kugira ingaruka za electromagnetique ku isi.
Igice cyo gukingira kirinda cyane umugozi kwangirika kubintu byo hanze nko kwangiza imashini, kwangirika kwimiti no kwinjira mumazi. Ubusanzwe igizwe nintwaro zicyuma nicyuma cyo hanze. Intwaro z'icyuma zirashobora gutanga imbaraga za mashini, kandi icyuma cyo hanze gifite ibikorwa bitarinda amazi kandi birwanya ruswa.
2. Gutondekanya insinga nini cyane
Ukurikije urwego rwa voltage, insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zishobora kugabanywamo insinga ziciriritse (muri rusange 3-35kV), insinga nini cyane (35-110kV), insinga za ultra-high-voltage (110-500kV) na ultra-high -insinga za voltage (hejuru ya 500kV). Intsinga zurwego rwa voltage zitandukanye ziratandukanye mubishushanyo mbonera, ibisabwa, nibindi.
Urebye uburyo bwo kubika ibikoresho, usibye insinga za XLPE hamwe ninsinga zamavuta-impapuro zavuzwe haruguru, hariho insinga za etylene-propylene. Intsinga zamavuta-impapuro zifite amateka maremare, ariko kubera amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga nizindi mpamvu, zagiye zisimburwa ninsinga za XLPE. Umugozi wa Ethylene propylene reberi ifite imiterere ihindagurika kandi irwanya ikirere, kandi irakwiriye mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe.
3. Gukora inzira yumurongo wa voltage mwinshi
Gukora insinga nini ya voltage ninzira igoye kandi yoroshye.
Gukora abayobora bisaba mbere na mbere ibikoresho fatizo byumuringa cyangwa aluminiyumu kuramburwa, kugoreka no mubindi bikorwa kugirango harebwe niba ibipimo bifatika hamwe nubukanishi bwa kiyobora. Mugihe cyo kugoreka, imirongo yimigozi igomba gutegurwa neza kugirango tunonosore imiyoborere.
Gukuramo ibice byo kubika ni imwe mu ntambwe zingenzi. Kubice bya XLPE, ibikoresho bya XLPE bisohoka mubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bikazinga neza ku kiyobora. Mugihe cyo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, ibipimo nkubushyuhe, umuvuduko numuvuduko wo gusohora bigomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango harebwe ubwiza nubunini bwuburinganire bwurwego.
Igice cyo gukingira gikozwe mububoshyi bw'icyuma cyangwa gufunga ibyuma. Uburyo bwo gukora ingabo zimbere ninyuma ziratandukanye gato, ariko byombi bigomba kwemeza ubusugire bwurwego rukingira kandi amashanyarazi meza.
Hanyuma, umusaruro wurwego rwo gukingira urimo gushyira ibirwanisho byicyuma no gusohora icyuma cyo hanze. Intwaro z'icyuma zigomba guhuza neza na kabili, kandi gusohora ibyatsi byo hanze bigomba gutuma bigaragara neza nta nenge nkibibyimba.
4. Ibikorwa biranga insinga za voltage nyinshi
Ku bijyanye n’imikorere y’amashanyarazi, insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zigomba kugira izirinda cyane, gutakaza dielectric nkeya no kurwanya voltage nziza. Kurwanya insuline nyinshi birashobora gukumira neza kumeneka kwubu, gutakaza ingufu za dielectric bigabanya gutakaza ingufu zamashanyarazi mugihe cyoherejwe, kandi imbaraga zo kurwanya voltage zemeza ko umugozi ushobora gukora neza mumashanyarazi menshi.
Kubireba imiterere yubukanishi, umugozi ugomba kugira imbaraga zihagije, kugoreka radiyo no kurwanya ingaruka. Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho no gukora, umugozi urashobora gukorerwa kurambura, kunama no gukomera kwingufu. Niba imiterere yubukanishi idahagije, biroroshye guteza insinga.
Imikorere yubushyuhe nayo ni ikintu cyingenzi. Umugozi uzatanga ubushyuhe mugihe gikora, cyane cyane iyo ukorera munsi yumutwaro mwinshi. Kubwibyo, insinga igomba kugira ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ikabasha gukora mubisanzwe mubushyuhe runaka nta kibazo nko gusaza kwizuba. Umugozi wa XLPE ufite ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ushobora gukora igihe kirekire mubushyuhe bwinshi.
5. Gushiraho no gufata neza insinga za voltage nyinshi
Kubijyanye no kwishyiriraho, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ugutegura inzira kugirango umenye neza ko inzira yo gushyiramo insinga zumvikana kandi zifite umutekano. Mugihe cyo gushira, hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango wirinde kurambura bikabije, kunama no gukuramo umugozi. Kubireba intera ndende, ibikoresho nkibikoresho bya kabili bikoreshwa mugufasha kubaka.
Umusaruro wibikoresho bya kabili numuyoboro wingenzi mugikorwa cyo kwishyiriraho. Ubwiza bwihuriro bugira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere ya kabili. Mugihe ukora ingingo, umugozi ugomba kwamburwa, gusukurwa, guhuzwa no gukingirwa. Buri ntambwe igomba gukorwa muburyo bukurikije ibisabwa kugirango harebwe niba amashanyarazi na mashini yibihuriweho byujuje ibisabwa.
Imirimo yo gufata neza ningirakamaro kubikorwa byigihe kirekire byimikorere ya insinga nini cyane. Igenzura risanzwe rishobora guhita ryerekana niba isura ya kabili yangiritse cyangwa sheath yangiritse. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho bimwe byo gupima birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugupima imikorere ya insulation no gusohora igice cya kabili. Niba ibibazo bibonetse, bigomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa mugihe.
6. Kunanirwa no gutahura insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi
Kunanirwa kwinshi kwinsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zirimo gusenya insulasiyo, guhagarika imiyoboro, hamwe no kunanirwa hamwe. Isenyuka rya insulasiyo rishobora guterwa no gusaza, gusohora igice, cyangwa kurenza urugero. Guhagarika imiyoboro mubisanzwe biterwa nimbaraga zo hanze zikoreshwa cyangwa kurenza urugero. Kunanirwa gufatanije bishobora guterwa nuburyo bubi bwo gukora cyangwa gushyuha cyane mugihe gikora.
Kugirango tumenye ayo makosa, hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gutahura. Kugaragaza igice cyo gusohora ni uburyo bukoreshwa. Mugutahura ibimenyetso byatewe no gusohora igice mumigozi, birashobora kugaragazwa niba hari inenge zidafite insinga imbere. Ikizamini cya voltage irashobora kwihanganira ubushobozi bwumubyigano wa kabili hanyuma ugashaka ibibazo byokwirinda. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya infragre yumuriro irashobora kumenya ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe hejuru yumugozi, kugirango umenye niba insinga ifite ibibazo nkubushyuhe bwaho.
7.Gusaba no gutezimbere imigozi y-amashanyarazi menshi muri sisitemu yingufu
Muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, insinga z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa cyane muguhindura amashanyarazi yo mumijyi, imirongo isohoka ya sitasiyo nini, imiyoboro ya kaburimbo hamwe nizindi nzego. Imashanyarazi yo mumijyi, kubera umwanya muto, gukoresha insinga zubutaka birashobora kubika umwanya no kuzamura ubwiza bwumujyi. Imirongo isohoka ya sitasiyo nini isaba gukoresha insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi kugirango wohereze amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi ya kure. Gukwirakwiza insinga zo mu mazi birashobora kumenya kohereza amashanyarazi mu nyanja no gutanga amashanyarazi ahamye ku birwa no mu turere two ku nkombe.
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryingufu, insinga za voltage nini nazo zerekanye inzira ziterambere. Imwe ni ubushakashatsi niterambere hamwe nogukoresha insinga zifite urwego rwinshi rwa voltage. Hamwe no kwiyongera gukenewe kwamashanyarazi maremare, iterambere ryinsinga za ultra-high voltage insinga zizibandwaho. Iya kabiri ni ubwenge bwinsinga. Muguhuza ibyuma bifata ibyuma nibindi bikoresho muri kabel, kugenzura-igihe-nyacyo cyo kugenzura imikorere ya kabili no kuburira amakosa birashobora kugerwaho, bityo bigatuma imikorere ya kabili yizerwa. Icya gatatu niterambere ryinsinga zangiza ibidukikije. Mugihe abantu basabwa kurengera ibidukikije byiyongera, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryumwanda muke, ibikoresho byifashishwa byongera gukoreshwa bizaba icyerekezo cyiterambere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-24-2024