Incamake: Ihame ryo guhuza, gushyira mu byiciro, imiterere, uburyo n'ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bikingira poliyetinamu bifitanye isano na silane ku nsinga n'insinga birasobanuwe muri make, kandi bimwe mu biranga ibikoresho bikingira poliyetinamu bifitanye isano na silane mu ikoreshwa n'ikoreshwa ryayo ndetse n'ibintu bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibikoresho bifitanye isano.
Amagambo ahinnye: Guhuza Silane; Guhuza bisanzwe; Polyethylene; Gukingira; Insinga n'insinga
Ibikoresho bya polyethylene bifatanye na Silane ubu bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'insinga n'insinga nk'ibikoresho bikingira insinga z'amashanyarazi zifite voltage nkeya. Ibikoresho mu gukora insinga n'insinga bifatanye na peroxide, hamwe na peroxide cross-linking na radiation cross-linking ugereranije n'ibikoresho bikenewe mu nganda ni ibintu byoroshye, byoroshye gukoresha, bihendutse cyane n'ibindi byiza, byabaye ibikoresho bya mbere mu nsinga zifatanye na voltage nkeya zifite insinga.
1. Ihame ryo guhuza ibikoresho bya Silane bifitanye isano n'insinga
Hari inzira ebyiri z'ingenzi zikoreshwa mu gukora polyethylene ifatanye na silane: guteranya no guteranya. Mu gikorwa cyo guteranya, polymer itakaza atome yayo ya H kuri atome ya karuboni ya gatatu bitewe n'igikorwa cya free initiator na pyrolysis mu binyabutabire by'ubuntu, bigakora hamwe na – CH = CH2 itsinda rya vinyl silane kugira ngo bikore polymer ifatanye irimo itsinda rya trioxysilyl ester. Mu gikorwa cyo guteranya, polymer ifatanye ibanza gushonga mu mazi ahari kugira ngo ikore silanol, naho – OH ihurira n'itsinda rya Si-OH riri hafi kugira ngo rikore umugozi wa Si-O-Si, bityo bigahuza macromolecules ya polymer.
2. Ibikoresho bya Silane bihuza insinga n'uburyo bwo kuyikora
Nkuko mubizi, hari uburyo bwo gukora insinga zifatanye na silane n'insinga zazo mu ntambwe ebyiri n'intambwe imwe. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'uburyo bw'intambwe ebyiri n'uburyo bw'intambwe imwe ni aho igikorwa cyo gushyira silane gikorerwa, igikorwa cyo gushyira ku ruganda rukora ibikoresho by'insinga ku ntambwe ebyiri, igikorwa cyo gushyira mu ruganda rukora insinga ku ntambwe imwe. Ibikoresho byo gukingira polyethylene bifite intambwe ebyiri bifite isoko rinini bigizwe n'ibikoresho byitwa A na B, aho ibikoresho bya A ari polyethylene ifatanye na silane na B ari byo bitera imbaraga. Igice cy'ingenzi cyo gukingira gishyirwa mu mazi ashyushye cyangwa mu mwuka.
Hari ubundi bwoko bwa silane ifite amashami abiri ifatanye na polyethylene, aho ibikoresho bya A bikorwa mu buryo butandukanye, binyuze mu kwinjiza silane ya vinyl muri polyethylene mu gihe cyo gukora polyethylene kugira ngo haboneke polyethylene ikoresheje iminyururu ya silane.
Uburyo bw'intambwe imwe bufite ubwoko bubiri, uburyo busanzwe bw'intambwe imwe ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye hakurikijwe formula mu gipimo cya sisitemu yihariye yo gupima neza, mu gikoresho cyihariye cyo gusohora mu ntambwe imwe kugira ngo kirangize gushyiramo no gusohora insinga z'imbere, muri iki gikorwa, nta granulation, nta mpamvu yo kwitabira ibikoresho by'insinga, n'uruganda rw'insinga kugira ngo birangire byonyine. Iki gikoresho cyo gukora insinga kigizwe n'intambwe imwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora insinga kiva mu mahanga kandi kirahenze.
Ubundi bwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira icyuma bya silane bifatanye n'intambwe imwe bikorwa n'inganda zikora ibikoresho by'insinga, ni ibikoresho fatizo byose hakurikijwe formula mu kigereranyo cy'uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvanga, gupakira no kugurisha, nta bikoresho A na B biriho, uruganda rw'insinga rushobora kuba mu cyuma gisohora icyuma kugira ngo rurangize intambwe icyarimwe, rushyiramo kandi rusohora insinga z'imbere. Ikintu cyihariye cy'ubu buryo ni uko nta bikoresho byihariye bihenze byo gukwirakwiza icyuma, kuko inzira yo gushyiramo silane ishobora kurangizwa mu cyuma gisanzwe cya PVC, kandi uburyo bw'intambwe ebyiri bukuraho ikibazo cyo kuvanga ibikoresho A na B mbere yo gusohora.
3. Imiterere y'imvange
Uburyo bwo gukora insinga ya polyethylene ifatanye na silane muri rusange bugizwe na resin y'ibikoresho by'ibanze, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, catalyst, nibindi.
(1) Resin y'ibanze muri rusange ni resin ya polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke (LDPE) ifite igipimo cyo gushonga (MI) cya 2, ariko vuba aha, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya resin y'ubukorikori n'umuvuduko w'ibiciro, polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke (LLDPE) nayo yakoreshejwe cyangwa igice cyayo nk'iresin y'ibanze kuri iyi mashini. Resin zitandukanye zikunze kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku guteranya no guhuza bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'imiterere yazo y'imbere, bityo uburyo bwo kuyitunganya buzahindurwa hakoreshejwe resin zitandukanye cyangwa ubwoko bumwe bwa resin buturutse ku bakora ibintu bitandukanye.
(2) Itangiriro rikunze gukoreshwa ni diisopropyl peroxide (DCP), icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ingano y'ikibazo, bike cyane ku buryo byatera silane grafting ntibihagije; byinshi cyane ku buryo byatera polyethylene cross-linking, bigabanya ubushyuhe bwayo, ubuso bw'insinga ya extruded insulation core bugakomera, kandi bigoranye kuyikanda. Kubera ko ingano y'itangiriro yongewemo ari nto cyane kandi yoroshye kuyifata, ni ngombwa kuyitatanya neza, bityo muri rusange yongerwa hamwe na silane.
(3) Silane ikoreshwa muri rusange muri silane idafite vinyl, harimo vinyl trimethoxysilane (A2171) na vinyl triethoxysilane (A2151), bitewe n'igipimo cyihuse cya hydrolysis cya A2171, bityo hitamo abantu benshi ba A2171. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hari ikibazo cyo kongeramo silane, abakora ibikoresho by'insinga ubu barimo kugerageza kugera ku rugero rwo hasi kugira ngo bagabanye ibiciro, kuko silane itumizwa mu mahanga, igiciro kirahenze cyane.
(4) Anti-oxydant ni ukugira ngo uburyo bwo gutunganya polyethylene buhamye kandi bugatuma insinga zirwanya gusaza kandi zongewemo, anti-oxydant mu buryo bwo gutera silane ifite uruhare mu kubuza uburyo bwo gutera, bityo uburyo bwo gutera, kongeramo anti-oxydant bugomba kwitonderwa, ingano yongewemo kugira ngo harebwe ingano ya DCP kugira ngo ihuze n'uburyo bwo guhitamo. Mu buryo bwo guteranya intambwe ebyiri, antioxydant nyinshi zishobora kongerwamo mu itsinda rya catalyst master, bishobora kugabanya ingaruka ku buryo bwo guteranya intambwe. Mu buryo bwo guteranya intambwe imwe, antioxydant iboneka mu buryo bwose bwo guteranya inyongera, bityo guhitamo ubwoko n'ingano ni ingenzi cyane. Antioxydant zikunze gukoreshwa ni 1010, 168, 330, nibindi.
(5) Indabo ibuza polimerizing yongerwaho kugira ngo ihagarike guteranya no guhuza ibice by’ingaruka mbi, mu gikorwa cyo guteranya hongerwamo ikintu kirwanya guteranya ibice, bishobora kugabanya neza kubaho kwa C2C cross-linking, bityo bikanoza uburyo bwo gutunganya, byongeye kandi, kongeramo indabo mu bihe bimwe bizabanzirizwa na hydrolysis ya silane kuri polymerization inhibitor bishobora kugabanya hydrolysis ya politene yashyizwemo ibice, kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo ibintu byashyizwemo ibice bihamye mu gihe kirekire.
(6) Katalisiti akenshi ni ibintu bikomoka kuri organotin (usibye guhuza bisanzwe), ibikunze kugaragara cyane ni dibutyltin dilaurate (DBDTL), muri rusange byongerwamo mu buryo bwa masterbatch. Mu nzira y'intambwe ebyiri, graft (ibikoresho bya A) na catalyst master batch (ibikoresho bya B) bipakirwa ukwabyo hanyuma ibikoresho bya A na B bivangwa mbere yo kongerwa kuri extruder kugira ngo birinde guhuza mbere y'uko ibikoresho bya A bipakirwa. Mu gihe hari insulation ya polyethylene ifatanye na silane imwe, polyethylene iri mu gipfunyika ntabwo irashyirwamo, bityo nta kibazo cyo guhuza mbere y'uko bipakirwa bityo catalyst ntigomba gupakirwa ukwayo.
Byongeye kandi, hari silane zivanze ziboneka ku isoko, zikaba ari uruvange rwa silane, initiator, antioxidant, amavuta amwe n’amwe arwanya umuringa, kandi muri rusange zikoreshwa mu buryo bwo guhuza silane mu nganda zikora insinga.
Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gukora silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation, imiterere yayo idafatwa nk'igoye cyane kandi iboneka mu makuru ajyanye nayo, ariko uburyo bukwiye bwo gukora, bugomba guhindurwa kugira ngo burangire, ibyo bikaba bisaba gusobanukirwa neza uruhare rw'ibice bigize iyo poroteyine n'itegeko ry'ingaruka zabyo ku mikorere n'ingaruka zabyo ku mpande zombi.
Mu moko menshi y'ibikoresho by'insinga, ibikoresho by'insinga bifitanye isano na silane (byaba intambwe ebyiri cyangwa intambwe imwe) bifatwa nk'ubwoko bwonyine bw'ibikorwa bya shimi bibaho mu gusohora, andi moko nka ibikoresho by'insinga bya polyvinyl chloride (PVC) n'ibikoresho by'insinga bya polyethylene (PE), inzira yo gusohora ni inzira isanzwe yo kuvanga, nubwo ibikoresho by'insinga bifitanye isano na shimi, byaba mu nzira yo gusohora, cyangwa mu buryo bwo gusohora, nta nzira ya shimi ibaho, bityo, ugereranije, gukora ibikoresho by'insinga bifitanye isano na silane no gusohora insinga, kugenzura inzira ni ingenzi cyane.
4. Uburyo bwo gukora insulation ya polyethylene ifite intambwe ebyiri ya silane
Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bya polyethylene ifatanye na silane y'intambwe ebyiri bushobora gugaragazwa muri make n'Ishusho ya 1.
Igishushanyo cya 1 Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho byo gukingira icyuma bya silane bifatanye n'intambwe ebyiri A
Ingingo z'ingenzi mu ikorwa ry'ubushyuhe bwa polyethylene buhuza na silane y'intambwe ebyiri:
(1) Kumisha. Kubera ko resine ya polyethylene irimo amazi make, iyo ivanywe ku bushyuhe bwinshi, amazi akorana vuba n'amatsinda ya silili kugira ngo akore ihuriro, bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi ashongeshejwe kandi bigatanga ihuriro ritaratangira. Ibikoresho birangiye birimo n'amazi nyuma yo gukonjesha amazi, bishobora no gutuma ihuriro ritaratangira gukorwa niba bitakuweho, kandi bigomba no kumyuka. Kugira ngo hume neza, hakoreshwa igikoresho cyo kumisha cyimbitse.
(2) Gupima. Kubera ko ubuhanga bw'ibikoresho ari ingenzi, muri rusange hakoreshwa igipimo cyo gupima ibiro bitumizwa mu mahanga. Resine ya polyethylene na antioxydant bipimwa kandi bigatangwa binyuze mu gice cyo kugaburira cy'icyuma gisohora amazi, mu gihe silane na initiator bishyirwamo ipompo y'amazi iri mu ifuru ya kabiri cyangwa ya gatatu y'icyuma gisohora amazi.
(3) Gushyiramo imvange. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo imvange burangira muri sludge. Imiterere y'uburyo sludge ikora, harimo ubushyuhe, guhuza sludge, umuvuduko wa sludge n'umuvuduko wo kurya, bigomba gukurikiza ihame ry'uko ibikoresho biri mu gice cya mbere cy'imvange bishobora gushonga neza kandi bivanze neza, iyo peroxide idashaje idakenewe, kandi ko ibikoresho byose biri mu gice cya kabiri cy'imvange bigomba gushonga neza kandi inzira yo guteramo irarangira. Ubushyuhe busanzwe bw'igice cy'imvange (LDPE) bugaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1 Ubushyuhe bw'uduce two gusohora ibintu mu ntambwe ebyiri
| Agace ko gukoreramo | Akarere ka 1 | Akarere ka 2 | Agace ka 3 ① | Akarere ka 4 | Akarere ka 5 |
| Ubushyuhe P °C | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Agace ko gukoreramo | Akarere ka 6 | Akarere ka 7 | Akarere ka 8 | Akarere ka 9 | Gupfa k'umunwa |
| Ubushyuhe °C | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
① niho hongerwa silane.
Umuvuduko w'imashini isohora amazi ugena igihe cyo gutura n'ingaruka zo kuvanga ibikoresho biri mu mashini isohora amazi, iyo igihe cyo gutura ari gito, kubora kwa peroxide ntibyuzuye; iyo igihe cyo gutura ari kirekire cyane, ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bisohoka buriyongera. Muri rusange, igihe mpuzandengo cyo gutura cy'ibumba mu mashini isohora amazi kigomba kugenzurwa mu gihe cyo kuvanga igice cy'ubuzima cyayo inshuro 5-10. Umuvuduko wo kugaburira ntugira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gutura cy'ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo unagira ingaruka ku kuvanga no gukata ibikoresho, guhitamo umuvuduko ukwiye wo kugaburira na byo ni ingenzi cyane.
(4) Gupfunyika. Ibikoresho by’ubushyuhe bifite intambwe ebyiri bigomba gupfunyikwa mu mifuka ya aluminiyumu na plastiki mu kirere kugira ngo bikureho ubushuhe.
5. Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho byo gukingira ubwiza bya silane ihuza na polyethylene ifite intambwe imwe
Ibikoresho byo gukingira icyuma bya silane bifitanye isano n’intambwe imwe bitewe n’uburyo byo gukingira icyuma biri mu ruganda rw’insinga zo gukingira icyuma, bityo ubushyuhe bwo gukingira icyuma burushaho kuba hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’uburyo bw’intambwe ebyiri. Nubwo formula yo gukingira icyuma ya silane ifitanye isano n’intambwe imwe yatekerejweho byimazeyo mu gukwirakwiza vuba kw’icyuma gitangira na silane n’ibikoresho, ariko uburyo bwo gukingira icyuma bugomba kwemezwa n’ubushyuhe, ari nabwo uruganda rukora icyuma cyo gukingira icyuma cya silane gifitanye isano n’intambwe imwe rwashimangiye kenshi akamaro ko guhitamo ubushyuhe bwo gukingira icyuma, ubushyuhe rusange bwo gukingira icyuma bugaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Imbonerahamwe ya 2 Ubushyuhe bwa buri gace bukoreshwa mu gusohora ibintu (igice: ℃)
| Akarere | Akarere ka 1 | Akarere ka 2 | Akarere ka 3 | Akarere ka 4 | Flange | Umutwe |
| Ubushyuhe | 160 | 190 | 200～210 | 220～230 | 230 | 230 |
Iyi ni imwe mu ntege nke z'uburyo bwa polyethylene ihuza na silane imwe, ubusanzwe idakenewe iyo usohora insinga mu ntambwe ebyiri.
6. Ibikoresho byo gukora
Ibikoresho byo gukora ni garanti y'ingenzi yo kugenzura ibikorwa. Gukora insinga zifatanye na silane bisaba urwego rwo hejuru cyane rwo kugenzura ibikorwa, bityo guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukora ni ingenzi cyane.
Ikorwa ry'ibikoresho byo gukingira bya polyethylene bifite insinga ebyiri. Ibikoresho byo gukora ibikoresho, ubu bikaba bikoreshwa mu rugo mu gupima ibice bibiri, bifite uburemere butari buke, bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu kugenzura neza ibikorwa, guhitamo uburebure n'umurambararo wa extruder ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima ibice bibiri kugira ngo ibikoresho bibeho, guhitamo ibice bidafite uburemere biva mu mahanga kugira ngo harebwe ko ibikoresho bihoraho. Birumvikana ko hari byinshi birambuye ku bikoresho bigomba kwitabwaho byuzuye.
Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ibikoresho byo gukora insinga za silane zihuza intambwe imwe mu ruganda rw'insinga bitumizwa mu mahanga, birahenze, abakora ibikoresho byo mu gihugu nta bikoresho bisa bafite, impamvu ni ukubura ubufatanye hagati y'abakora ibikoresho n'abashakashatsi ku bijyanye n'imashini.
7. Ibikoresho byo gukingira poliyetinamu bisanzwe bifitanye isano na Silane
Ibikoresho byo gukingira ibyuma bya Silane naturel bifitanye isano n’amazi byakozwe mu myaka ya vuba aha bishobora guhurirana mu bihe bisanzwe mu minsi mike, nta mwuka cyangwa amazi ashyushye byinjijwe mu mazi. Ugereranyije n’uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza ibyuma bya silane, ibi bikoresho bishobora kugabanya inzira yo gukora ku bakora insinga, bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora no kongera imikorere myiza. Uburyo bwo gukingira ibyuma bya Silane naturel bifitanye isano n’amazi bugenda bumenyekana kandi bukoreshwa n’abakora insinga.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubushyuhe bwa polyethylene ikoreshwa mu mazu ya silane natural cross-linked bwarakuze kandi bwakozwe ku bwinshi, hamwe n'inyungu zimwe na zimwe mu giciro ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga.
7. 1 Ibitekerezo byo gukora silane ikora ku buryo busanzwe ihuza polyethylene
Utwuma twa polyethylene dufatanye na Silane natural cross-linked polyethylene dukorwa mu ntambwe ebyiri, hamwe n’uburyo bumwe bugizwe na resin y’ibanze, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerisation inhibitor na catalyst. Uburyo bwo gukora silane natural cross-linked polyethylene insulators bushingiye ku kongera igipimo cyo gushyira silane mu bikoresho bya A no guhitamo catalyst nziza kurusha silane water bushyuhe cross-linked polyethylene insulators. Gukoresha ibikoresho bya A bifite igipimo cyo gushyira silane hejuru hamwe na catalyst nziza bizatuma silane cross-linked polyethylene insulators ishobora gushyira silane vuba nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe buke kandi nta bushyuhe buhagije.
Ibikoresho bya A bya silane ituruka mu mahanga bihuza polyethylene naturally bivangwa na copolymerisation, aho ingano ya silane ishobora kugenzurwa ku rwego rwo hejuru, mu gihe gukora ibikoresho bya A bifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo guteranya silane bigoranye. Resin y'ibanze, itangiza na silane bikoreshwa muri resept bigomba guhindurwa no guhindurwa mu buryo butandukanye no kongeramo.
Guhitamo resist no guhindura ingano yayo nabyo ni ingenzi cyane, kuko kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo gushyiramo silane byanze bikunze bitera ingaruka nyinshi zo guhuza CC. Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gutunganya no gutunganya imiterere y'ubuso bw'ibikoresho bya A kugira ngo bibe byakwitabwaho nyuma yo gusohora insinga, hakenewe ingano ikwiye y'umuti ugabanya polymerization kugira ngo hirindwe CC crosslinking no guhuza mbere.
Byongeye kandi, catalysts zigira uruhare runini mu kongera umuvuduko wo guhuza ibintu kandi zigomba gutoranywa nk'catalysts nziza zirimo ibintu bidafite icyuma gihinduka.
7. 2 Igihe cyo guhuza silane ikora polyethylene isanzwe ikora
Igihe gisabwa kugira ngo urangize guhuza ibikoresho bya polyethylene isanzwe ihuza silane mu buryo bwayo karemano giterwa n'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n'ubugari bw'urwego rw'ubushyuhe. Uko ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byiyongera, ni ko ubugari bw'urwego rw'ubushyuhe burushaho kuba buto, ni ko igihe cyo guhuza gisabwa kiba gito, kandi ni ko kirekire. Kubera ko ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bitandukana bitewe n'akarere n'ibihe, ndetse n'ahantu hamwe n'igihe kimwe, ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe uyu munsi n'ejo bizaba bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho, umukoresha agomba kugena igihe cyo guhuza hakurikijwe ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byo mu gace n'ibyo mu gace, ndetse n'ibisobanuro by'insinga n'ubunini bw'urwego rw'ubushyuhe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-13-2022