Ibisobanuro: Ihame ryambukiranya, gutondekanya, gukora, gutunganya ibikoresho nibikoresho bya silane bihujwe na polyethylene ibikoresho byifashisha insinga na kabili byasobanuwe muri make, kandi bimwe mubiranga silane mubisanzwe bihujwe na polyethylene yibikoresho byifashishwa mugukoresha no kubikoresha kimwe ibintu bigira ingaruka kumyambarire ihuza ibikoresho.
Ijambo ryibanze: Guhuza Silane; Guhuza bisanzwe; Polyethylene; Kwikingira; Umugozi n'insinga
Ibikoresho bya kabili ya Silane bihujwe na polyethylene ubu ikoreshwa cyane munganda zinsinga ninsinga nkibikoresho bitanga insinga z'amashanyarazi make. Ibikoresho mu gukora insinga n’umugozi uhuza, hamwe na peroxide ihuza no guhuza imirasire ugereranije nibikoresho byo gukora bisabwa biroroshye, byoroshye gukora, igiciro gito kandi nibindi byiza, byahindutse ibikoresho byambere kuri bike -voltage ihuza umugozi hamwe na insulation.
1.Silane ihuza imiyoboro ya kabili ibikoresho bihuza ihame
Hariho inzira ebyiri zingenzi zigira uruhare mugukora silane ihuza polyethylene: gushushanya no guhuza. Mubikorwa byo guhimba, polymer itakaza H-atom kuri atome ya karubone ya gatatu ikorwa na Initiator yubuntu na pyrolysis muri radicals yubuntu, ifata hamwe nitsinda rya - CH = CH2 rya vinyl silane kugirango ikore polymer yashizwemo ester ya trioxysilyl. itsinda. Muburyo bwo guhuza inzira, polimeri ya graft ibanza hydrolysed imbere yamazi kugirango itange silanol, kandi - OH ihuza hamwe nitsinda rya Si-OH ryegeranye kugirango bibe umurongo wa Si-O-Si, bityo uhuze polymer macromolecules.
2.Silane ihuza ibikoresho bya kabili hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora insinga
Nkuko mubizi, hariho intambwe ebyiri nintambwe imwe yuburyo bwo gukora silane ihuza insinga ninsinga zabo. Itandukaniro riri hagati yuburyo bubiri nuburyo bumwe bwintambwe iri aho inzira yo guteranya silane ikorerwa, inzira yo guteranya uruganda rukora ibikoresho byububiko bwintambwe ebyiri, inzira yo guteranya uruganda rukora insinga kuri uburyo bumwe. Intambwe ebyiri za silane zambukiranya polyethylene yibikoresho bifite umugabane munini ku isoko bigizwe nibyo bita A na B, hamwe nibikoresho ni polyethylene yometse kuri silane na B ibikoresho bya catalizator. Intanga ngengabihe noneho ihuzwa n'amazi ashyushye cyangwa amavuta.
Hariho ubundi bwoko bwa intambwe ebyiri za silane zihuza insimburangingo ya polyethylene, aho A ibikoresho bikorerwa muburyo butandukanye, mugutangiza vinyl silane muri polyethylene mugihe cya synthesis kugirango ubone polyethylene hamwe numunyururu wamashami ya silane.
Uburyo bumwe bwintambwe nabwo bufite ubwoko bubiri, inzira gakondo yintambwe imwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho fatizo ukurikije formula iri mubigereranyo bya sisitemu yihariye yo gupima neza, muburyo bwihariye bwateguwe budasanzwe mu ntambwe imwe yo kurangiza gushushanya no gusohora insinga ya insulasiyo, muriki gikorwa, nta granulation, nta mpamvu yo kwitabira uruganda rwibikoresho bya kabili, nuruganda rwa kabili kurangiza wenyine. Iyi ntambwe imwe ya silane ihuza ibikoresho byo gukora insinga hamwe nubuhanga bwo gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga kandi bihenze.
Ubundi bwoko bwintambwe imwe ya silane ihuza ibikoresho bya insuline ya polyethylene ikorwa nabakora ibikoresho byinsinga, nibikoresho byose bibisi ukurikije formulaire mugereranyo yuburyo bwihariye bwo kuvanga hamwe, gupakira no kugurisha, nta bikoresho na B ibikoresho, insinga ya kabili irashobora kuba muri extruder kugirango irangize intambwe icyarimwe gushushanya no gukuramo insinga ya insulasiyo. Ikintu cyihariye cyubu buryo nuko bidakenewe ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bihenze, kuko gahunda yo guteranya silane irashobora kurangizwa mugusohora PVC isanzwe, kandi inzira zintambwe ebyiri zikuraho gukenera kuvanga ibikoresho A na B mbere yo kuyikuramo.
3. Ibigize
Gukora silane ihuza ibikoresho bya kabili ya polyethylene mubusanzwe igizwe nibikoresho fatizo, uwatangije, silane, antioxydeant, inhibitor ya polymerisation, catalizator, nibindi.
. ikoreshwa cyangwa igice cyakoreshejwe nkibikoresho fatizo kuri ibi bikoresho. Ibisigarira bitandukanye akenshi bigira ingaruka zikomeye mugushushanya no guhuza bitewe nuburyo butandukanye mumiterere yimbere ya macromolecular, bityo rero formulaire izahindurwa hakoreshejwe ibishingwe bitandukanye cyangwa ubwoko bumwe bwibisigisigi biva mubikorwa bitandukanye.
. cyane kugirango utere polyethylene kwambukiranya, bigabanya umuvuduko wacyo, ubuso bwimikorere ya insulasiyo yimbere ikabije, bigoye gukanda sisitemu. Nkuko ingano yabatangije yongeweho ari nto cyane kandi yoroheje, ni ngombwa kuyisasa neza, bityo rero ikongerwaho hamwe hamwe na silane.
. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hari ikibazo cyo kongeramo silane, uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya kabili ruragerageza kugera ku ntera ntarengwa yo kugabanya ibiciro, kubera ko silane itumizwa mu mahanga, igiciro gihenze.
. kwitonda, amafaranga yongeweho kugirango asuzume umubare wa DCP kugirango uhuze guhitamo. Muburyo bubiri bwo guhuza inzira, antioxydants nyinshi irashobora kongerwaho mugice cya catalizator, gishobora kugabanya ingaruka kubikorwa byo gutera. Muburyo bumwe bwo guhuza inzira, antioxydeant irahari mugikorwa cyose cyo guhimba, bityo guhitamo amoko nubunini nibyingenzi. Antioxydants ikoreshwa cyane ni 1010, 168, 330, nibindi
. gutunganya amazi, hiyongereyeho, kongeramo ibihingwa mubihe bimwe bizabanzirizwa na hydrolysis ya silane kuri inhibitor ya polymerisation irashobora kugabanya hydrolysis ya polyethylene yatewe, kugirango iteze imbere igihe kirekire cyibikoresho byabigenewe.
. Mubikorwa byintambwe ebyiri, igishushanyo (A material) hamwe na catalizator master batch (B material) bipakirwa ukundi kandi ibikoresho bya A na B bivangwa hamwe mbere yo kongerwaho muri extruder kugirango birinde guhuza ibice mbere. Kubireba intambwe imwe ya silane yambukiranya insimburangingo ya polyethylene, polyethylene iri muri paki itarashyirwaho, bityo rero ntakibazo kibanziriza guhuza bityo rero cataliste ntikeneye gupakirwa ukwayo.
Mubyongeyeho, hariho silane yuzuye iboneka ku isoko, ikaba ari ihuriro rya silane, uwatangije, antioxydeant, amavuta amwe n'amwe yo kurwanya umuringa, kandi muri rusange akoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwa silane ihuza inzira munganda.
Kubwibyo rero, gukora silane yambukiranya polyethylene insulasiyo, ibiyigize ntibifatwa nkibigoye cyane kandi biraboneka mumakuru ajyanye, ariko uburyo bukwiye bwo kubyaza umusaruro, hagomba gukosorwa bimwe kugirango bishoboke, bisaba byuzuye gusobanukirwa uruhare rwibigize mugutegura n amategeko yingaruka zabyo kumikorere ningaruka zabo.
Mu moko menshi yibikoresho bya kabili, silane ihuza ibikoresho bya kabili (haba intambwe ebyiri cyangwa intambwe imwe) bifatwa nkuburyo bwonyine bwimikorere yimiti ibaho mugukuramo, ubundi bwoko nka polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nibikoresho bya kabili na ibikoresho bya kabili ya polyethylene (PE), uburyo bwo gukuramo granulation ni uburyo bwo kuvanga umubiri, kabone niyo imiti ihuza imiti hamwe na irrasiyo ihuza ibikoresho bya kabili, haba muburyo bwo gukuramo granulation, cyangwa sisitemu yo gukuramo Cable, nta nzira yimiti ibaho , rero, ugereranije, umusaruro wa silane uhuza ibikoresho bya kabili hamwe no gukuramo insinga, kugenzura inzira nibyingenzi.
4. Intambwe ebyiri za silane zambukiranya inzira ya polietilen
Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro intambwe ebyiri za silane zambukiranya polyethylene iziritse Ikintu gishobora kugaragazwa muri make nishusho 1.
Igicapo 1 Igikorwa c'ibikorwa byintambwe ebyiri za silane zambukiranya polyethylene yangiza ibikoresho A.
Ingingo zimwe zingenzi mubikorwa byo kubyara intambwe ebyiri za silane zambukiranya polyethylene:
(1) Kuma. Nkuko ibisigazwa bya polyethylene birimo amazi make, iyo bisohotse mubushyuhe bwinshi, amazi yihuta cyane hamwe na matsinda ya silyl kugirango habeho guhuza, bigabanya umuvuduko wamazi ushonga kandi bigatanga mbere yo guhuza. Ibikoresho byarangiye kandi birimo amazi nyuma yo gukonjesha amazi, bishobora no gutera mbere yo guhuza niba bidakuweho, kandi bigomba no gukama. Kugirango hamenyekane ubwiza bwumye, hakoreshwa igice cyumye cyane.
(2) Gupima. Nkuko ubunyangamugayo bwibintu ari ngombwa, igipimo cyatumijwe mu mahanga-gipima uburemere muri rusange. Ibisigarira bya polyethylene na antioxydeant birapimwa kandi bikagaburirwa binyuze ku cyambu cyo kugaburira cya extruder, mu gihe silane na nyirubwite batewe inshinge na pompe yibikoresho byamazi muri barri ya kabiri cyangwa ya gatatu ya extruder.
(3) Gukuramo ibicuruzwa. Igikorwa cyo gushushanya silane cyarangiye muri extruder. Igenamiterere ryibikorwa bya extruder, harimo ubushyuhe, guhuza imigozi, umuvuduko wa screw nigipimo cyibiryo, bigomba gukurikiza ihame ryuko ibikoresho byo mu gice cya mbere cya extruder bishobora gushongeshwa burundu kandi bikavangwa kimwe, mugihe kutangirika hakiri kare peroxide. , kandi ko ibikoresho byose byuzuye mugice cya kabiri cya extruder bigomba kubora burundu kandi gahunda yo guterana yarangiye, Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa extruder (LDPE) bwerekanwe kumeza 1.
Imbonerahamwe 1 Ubushyuhe bwintambwe ebyiri zo gukuramo ibicuruzwa
| Ahantu ho gukorera | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 ① | Zone 4 | Zone 5 |
| Ubushyuhe P ° C. | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Ahantu ho gukorera | Zone 6 | Zone 7 | Zone 8 | Zone 9 | Umunwa urapfa |
| Ubushyuhe ° C. | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
①niho hiyongereyeho silane.
Umuvuduko wibikoresho bya extruder bigena igihe cyo gutura ningaruka zo kuvanga ibintu muri extruder, niba igihe cyo gutura ari gito, kubora peroxide ntabwo byuzuye; niba igihe cyo gutura ari kirekire cyane, ubwiza bwibintu byakuweho byiyongera. Muri rusange, igihe cyo gutura cya granule muri extruder kigomba kugenzurwa mugitangira kubora igice cyubuzima bwinshuro 5-10. Kugaburira umuvuduko ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kumwanya wo guturamo wibikoresho, ariko kandi no kuvanga no kogosha ibikoresho, hitamo umuvuduko ukwiye wo kugaburira nabyo ni ngombwa cyane.
(4) Gupakira. Intambwe ebyiri za silane zifatanije zifatika zigomba gupakirwa mumifuka ya aluminium-plastike igizwe numwuka utaziguye kugirango ikureho ubuhehere.
5. Intambwe imwe ya silane ihuza polyethylene ikingira ibintu
Intambwe imwe ya silane yambukiranya polyethylene yibikoresho kubera uburyo bwo kuyitunganya iri muruganda rwa kabili rusohora insinga ya insulasiyo, bityo ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo insinga burenze cyane uburyo bubiri. Nubwo intambwe imwe ya silane ihujwe na polyethylene insulasiyo yo kwisuzumisha yatekerejweho rwose mugukwirakwiza byihuse kwabashinzwe gutangiza na silane hamwe nogosha ibikoresho, ariko inzira yo guterana igomba kwemezwa nubushyuhe, aribwo intambwe imwe ya silane ihuza polyethylene Uruganda rukora insulasiyo rwashimangiye inshuro nyinshi akamaro ko guhitamo neza ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, ubushyuhe rusange busabwa bwerekanwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Imbonerahamwe 2 Ubushyuhe bwintambwe imwe ya buri karere (igice: ℃)
| Zone | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 | Zone 4 | Flange | Umutwe |
| Ubushyuhe | 160 | 190 | 200 ～ 210 | 220 ～ 230 | 230 | 230 |
Iyi ni imwe mu ntege nke za intambwe imwe ya silane ihuza inzira ya polyethylene, mubisanzwe ntabwo isabwa mugihe cyo gukuramo insinga mubyiciro bibiri.
6.Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro
Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro ni garanti yingenzi yo kugenzura inzira. Gukora insinga za silane zihuza bisaba urwego rwo hejuru cyane rwo kugenzura neza, bityo guhitamo ibikoresho byibyingenzi ni ngombwa cyane.
Umusaruro wintambwe ebyiri za silane zambukiranya ibikoresho bya insuline polyethylene Ibikoresho byo gukora ibikoresho, muri iki gihe cyane isotropic yo mu rugo ibangikanye na twin-screw extruder hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bifite uburemere butemewe, ibyo bikoresho birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza, guhitamo uburebure na diameter ya twin-screw extruder kugirango tumenye neza ko igihe cyo gutura, guhitamo ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bitaremereye kugirango harebwe niba ibiyigize ari ukuri. Nibyo, hari amakuru menshi yibikoresho bigomba kwitabwaho byuzuye.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibikoresho bya silane intambwe imwe ihuza ibikoresho byogukora insinga zitumizwa mu mahanga, bihenze, abakora ibikoresho byo murugo ntabwo bafite ibikoresho bisa nkibyo, impamvu nukubura ubufatanye hagati yabakora ibikoresho nabashakashatsi hamwe nabashakashatsi batunganya.
7.Silane naturel isanzwe ihuza polyethylene ibikoresho byo kubika
Silane naturel-ihuza polyethylene yibikoresho byakozwe mumyaka yashize birashobora guhuzwa mubihe byimiterere yiminsi mike, bitarimo amazi cyangwa amazi ashyushye. Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwa silane bwambukiranya, ibi bikoresho birashobora kugabanya inzira yumusaruro kubakora insinga, bikagabanya ibiciro byumusaruro no kongera umusaruro. Silane mubisanzwe ihuza polyethylene izenguruka iramenyekana kandi ikoreshwa nabakora insinga.
Mu myaka yashize, insimburangingo ya silane yo mu gihugu ihuza polyethylene ikuze kandi yarakuze ku bwinshi, hamwe nibyiza bimwe mubiciro ugereranije nibikoresho byatumijwe hanze.
7. 1 Ibitekerezo byo gutegura silane mubisanzwe byuzuzanya na polyethylene
Silane isanzwe ihuza polyethylene ikorwa muburyo bubiri, hamwe nuburyo bumwe bugizwe na resin base, uwatangije, silane, antioxydeant, polymerisation inhibitor na catalizator. Gukora silane karemano ihuza insimburangingo ya polyethylene ishingiye ku kongera igipimo cya silane yo guteranya ibikoresho A no guhitamo umusemburo mwiza kuruta amazi ashyushye ya silane yambukiranya insimburangingo ya polyethylene. Gukoresha ibikoresho bifite igipimo cyinshi cya silane yo guhuza hamwe na catalizator ikora neza bizafasha insimburangingo ya silane ihuza polyethylene insulator guhuza byihuse nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe buke kandi nubushuhe budahagije.
A-ibikoresho bya silane yatumijwe mu mahanga bisanzwe bihuza insimburangingo ya polyethylene ikomatanyirizwa hamwe na copolymerisation, aho ibirimo silane bishobora kugenzurwa murwego rwo hejuru, mugihe umusaruro wa A-ibikoresho bifite igipimo kinini cyo guhimba ukoresheje silane biragoye. Shingiro shingiro, uwatangije na silane ikoreshwa muri resept igomba guhinduka kandi igahinduka muburyo butandukanye no kwiyongera.
Guhitamo ibirwanya no guhindura ibipimo byayo nabyo ni ingenzi, kuko kwiyongera k'igipimo cyo guteranya silane byanze bikunze biganisha kuri CC ihuza abantu benshi. Kugirango tunonosore ibintu bitunganijwe neza hamwe nubuso bwibikoresho bya A nyuma yo gusohora insinga nyuma, hasabwa umubare ukwiye wa inhibitori ya polymerisation kugirango uhagarike neza CC guhuza mbere na mbere yo guhuza.
Mubyongeyeho, catalizator igira uruhare runini mukwongera igipimo cyo guhuza kandi igomba gutoranywa nkibikoresho bikora birimo inzibacyuho idafite ibyuma.
7. 2 Guhuza igihe cya silane mubisanzwe bihujwe na polyethylene
Igihe gisabwa kugirango urangize guhuza imiyoboro ya silane isanzwe ihujwe na polyethylene yimiterere yimiterere yabyo biterwa nubushyuhe, ubushuhe nubunini bwurwego rwimikorere. Ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe, niko ubunini bwikigero cyurugero rwimikorere, bigabanya igihe cyo guhuza bisabwa, kandi birebire bitandukanye. Nkuko ubushyuhe nubushuhe bigenda bitandukana mukarere no mubihe byigihe, ndetse no ahantu hamwe kandi icyarimwe, ubushyuhe nubushuhe uyumunsi n'ejo bizaba bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho, uyikoresha agomba kugena igihe cyo guhuza akurikije ubushyuhe bwaho kandi bwiganje nubushyuhe nubushuhe, kimwe nibisobanuro bya kabili hamwe nubunini bwurwego.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-13-2022