Muri rusange, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'imigozi: iyo ishyigikira inzira nyinshi zo gukwirakwiza cyangwa uburyo bwo kunyuranamo yitwa imigozi myinshi (MMF), naho iyo ishyigikira uburyo bumwe yitwa imigozi imwe (SMF). Ariko se itandukaniro riri hagati yayo ni irihe? Gusoma iyi nkuru bizagufasha kubona igisubizo.
Incamake y'Insinga ya Fiber Optic ya Single Mode Vs Multimode
Fibre imwe ituma uburyo bw'urumuri bukwirakwira icyarimwe, mu gihe fibre ya optique ya multimode ishobora gukwirakwiza uburyo bwinshi. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yabyo riri mu murambararo wa fibre core, uburebure bw'umurambararo n'inkomoko y'urumuri, bandwidth, sheath y'amabara, intera, igiciro, n'ibindi.
Uburyo bumwe ugereranije na Fibre ya Multimode, itandukaniro ni irihe?
Igihe kirageze cyo kugereranya uburyo bumwe ugereranije n'uburyo bwinshifibre y'urumurikandi usobanukirwe itandukaniro ryabo.
Ingano y'ibanze
Insinga ya Single Mode ifite ingano ntoya y'ibanze, ubusanzwe 9μm, ituma ubushobozi bwo gupima itumanaho bugabanuka, bandwidth nyinshi, ndetse n'intera ndende yo kohereza ubutumwa.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, fibre optique ya Multimode ifite ingano nini y’ibanze, ubusanzwe 62.5μm cyangwa 50μm, aho OM1 iri kuri 62.5μm na OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 iri kuri 5μm. Nubwo hari itandukaniro mu bunini, ntabwo byoroshye kuyibona kuko iba ntoya ugereranyije n’ubugari bw’umusatsi w’umuntu. Gusuzuma kode yacapwe kuri fibre optique bishobora gufasha kumenya ubwoko bw’iyo fibre optique.
Hamwe n'igitambaro cyo kurinda, imigozi yombi ya mode imwe na multimode ifite umurambararo wa 125μm.
Uburebure bw'urumuri n'inkomoko y'urumuri
Fibre optique ya Multimode, ifite ingano nini y'ibanze, ikoresha urumuri ruhendutse nka LEDs na VCSELs kuri 850nm na 1300nm. Mu buryo bunyuranye, insinga imwe y'uburyo ifite core nto, ikoresha lasers cyangwa laser diodes kugira ngo ikore urumuri rwinjijwe muri iyo nsinga, akenshi ku bunini bwa 1310nm na 1550nm.
Ubugari bw'umuyoboro
Ubwo bwoko bubiri bwa fibre butandukanye mu bushobozi bwa bandwidth. Fibre yo mu buryo bumwe itanga bandwidth hafi ya yose bitewe n'uko ishyigikira uburyo bumwe bwo gutanga urumuri, bigatuma igabanuka no gukwirakwira ku rugero ruto. Ni yo mahitamo meza ku itumanaho ryihuse cyane mu ntera ndende.
Ku rundi ruhande, fibre ya multimode ishobora kohereza uburyo bwinshi bw'urumuri, ariko ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya cyane no gukwirakwiza ibintu byinshi, bigatuma bandwidth yayo igabanuka.
Fibre y'uburyo bumwe irusha fibre optique ya multimode mu bijyanye n'ubushobozi bwa bandwidth.
Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya
Fibre ya mode imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubukana, mu gihe fibre ya multimode yo ishobora kugabanya ubukana.
Intera
Uburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya umuvuduko no gukwirakwiza uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bugufi (single mode) bituma habaho intera ndende cyane yo kohereza ubutumwa kurusha multimode. Multimode ihendutse ariko igarukira ku miyoboro migufi (urugero: metero 550 kuri 1Gbps), mu gihe single mode ikoreshwa mu kohereza ubutumwa bugufi cyane.
Ikiguzi
Mu gusuzuma ikiguzi cyose, ibice bitatu bigira uruhare runini.
Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho
Igiciro cyo gushyiramo fibre ya single-mode gikunze gufatwa nk'aho kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'insinga za multimode bitewe n'inyungu zazo. Ariko, ukuri ni ibinyuranye n'ibyo. bitewe n'uko ikorwa neza, ikagabanya 20-30% ugereranije na fibre ya multimode. Ku bijyanye n'insinga za OM3/OM4/OM5 zihenze cyane, single-mode ishobora kuzigama kugeza kuri 50% cyangwa irenga. Ariko, ikiguzi cya transceiver y'amatara nacyo kigomba kwitabwaho.
Igiciro cya Transceiver y'amajwi
Transceiver y'amajwi ni igice cy'ikiguzi gikomeye mu bijyanye no gukwirakwiza insinga za fibre, ikaba ingana n'igice kinini, rimwe na rimwe igera kuri 70% by'ikiguzi cyose. Transceiver z'uburyo bumwe muri rusange zigura inshuro 1.2 kugeza kuri 6 kurusha izo mu buryo bwinshi. Ibi biterwa nuko uburyo bumwe bukoresha diode za laser zifite imbaraga nyinshi (LD), zihenze cyane, mu gihe ibikoresho bya multimode bikoresha LED zihendutse cyangwa VCSELS.
Ikiguzi cyo kuvugurura sisitemu
Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse mu ikoranabuhanga, sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza insinga akenshi zisaba kuvugurura no kwagura. Insinga za fiber optique zo mu buryo bumwe zitanga ubushobozi bwo kwagura, kworoha no guhuza ibintu. Insinga za multimode, bitewe n’ubushobozi buke bwazo bwo gukwirakwiza insinga n’intera ngufi, zishobora kugorwa no guhaza ibyifuzo by’ejo hazaza byo kohereza amajwi yo mu ntera ndende n’amajwi menshi.
Kuvugurura sisitemu ya fiber optique ya mode imwe biroroshye cyane, bisaba guhindura switch na transceivers gusa nta mpamvu yo gushyiraho fibre nshya. Mu buryo bunyuranye, kuri cable ya multimode, kuvugurura kuva kuri OM2 ukajya kuri OM3 hanyuma ukajya kuri OM4 kugira ngo uherereze umuvuduko mwinshi byagutwara ikiguzi kinini cyane, cyane cyane iyo uhinduye fibres ziri munsi y’ubutaka.
Muri make, multimode ihendutse ku ntera ngufi, mu gihe single mode ari nziza ku ntera iri hagati kugeza kure.
Ibara
Kode y'amabara yoroshya kumenya ubwoko bw'insinga. TlA-598C itanga kode y'amabara isabwa n'inganda kugira ngo byoroshye kuyimenya.
Muri rusange, OM1 na OM2 zigira ikoti ry'umuhondo.
OM3 ikunze kugira amakoti y'amabara ya Aqua.
OM4 akenshi iba ifite amakoti y'amabara ya Aqua cyangwa Violet.
OM5 yari ifite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi.
Uburyo bumwe OS1 na OS2 akenshi biba bifite amakoti y'umuhondo.
Porogaramu
Insinga imwe ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu ya "backbone" y'intera ndende na metro muri telecom, datacom, na CATV.
Ku rundi ruhande, insinga za multimode zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikorwa bikorerwa hafi nko mu bigo bitanga amakuru, mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, mu bijyanye n'umutekano, no mu miyoboro ya interineti ya LAN (Local Area Networks).
Umwanzuro
Mu gusoza, umurongo wa fibre wo mu buryo bumwe ni mwiza cyane mu kohereza amakuru mu buryo burambye mu miyoboro ya carrier, MAN, na PON. Ku rundi ruhande, umurongo wa fibre wo mu buryo bwinshi ukoreshwa cyane mu bigo, mu bigo by’amakuru, no muri LAN bitewe nuko ugera hafi igihe gito. Icy'ingenzi ni uguhitamo ubwoko bwa fibre bujyanye neza n'ibyo ukeneye mu miyoboro yawe, ukareba ikiguzi cyose cya fibre. Nk'umuntu ushushanya imiyoboro, gufata iki cyemezo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imiyoboro ikore neza kandi yizewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-19-2025