Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubutasi mu nganda z’ubwikorezi ku isi, insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zigira uruhare runini mu itumanaho ry’amakuru yo mu bwato no mu buryo bwikora. Zihuza sensors, controllers, na actuators mu bwato, zigashyigikira imirimo nko kugenzura mu buryo bwikora, kugenzura kure, no gucunga neza ingufu.
Kugira ngo bihuze n'ibidukikije bibi byo mu mazi birangwa no gusukiranya umunyu mwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, no kubangamira cyane ingufu za elegitoroniki, insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zikoresha ibikoresho byihariye n'imiterere y'inyubako, bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, kudakoresha umuriro, ubushobozi buke bwo kudakoresha umwotsi wa halogen, hamwe n'uburinzi bwiza bwa EMI kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza igihe kirekire. Iyi ngingo yibanda ku miterere y'insinga za bisi zo mu mazi.
Incamake y'ibanze y'imiterere
1. Umuyobozi w'ikigo
Insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zikunze gukoresha ibyuma bicukura umuringa byashyizwe mu mabati. Ibikoresho bicukura umuringa byashyizwe mu mabati bitanga amashanyarazi meza kandi bigakomeza igihe mu gihe byoroshya ishyirwaho. Ugereranyije n'ibyuma bicukura umuringa byambaye ubusa, ibyuma bicukura umuringa byashyizwe mu mabati birwanya cyane ingese yo mu munyu.
Gukoresha ibyuma bicukura umuringa byakozwe mu macupa bifasha mu kunoza ibibazo nko kugabanya imbaraga zikoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye, umunaniro wo kugonda, kwangirika kw'umunyu, kwangirika k'ubushyuhe buke, n'umwanya muto wo kubishyiraho, bigatuma bikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha insinga za bisi zo mu mazi.
2. Gukingira ubushyuhe
Polyethylene ifite ifuro (Foam-PE)ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga z'amazi zo mu mazi. Ubwugarizi bwa polyethylene bufite ifuro bugabanya neza imikorere ya dielectric constant, bityo bigagabanya uburyo ibimenyetso bigabanya, ndetse binatanga ubushobozi bwo kuziba amazi mu gihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha Foam-PE bifasha kugabanya uburemere bw'insinga, bigatera imbere mu kugabanya uburemere bw'insinga muri rusange.
3. Gukingira
Imiterere y'uburinzi bw'insinga za bisi zo mu mazi isa n'iy'insinga z'umuyoboro w'amazi kandi muri rusange igizwekaseti ya aluminiyumu ipfutse muri pulasitikibihujwe n'insinga z'umuringa zo mu macupa. Uru ruhago rw'uburinzi rwagenewe gukumira ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi no kwemeza ko ibimenyetso bihoraho.
Ubusanzwe, ubugari bwa aluminiyumu ni ≥ 0.012 mm hamwe n'ubutwikirizo bwa 100%, mu gihe ubutwikirizo bw'umuringa busanzwe bukoresha insinga imwe ya 0.12 mm, hamwe n'ubutwikirizo bwa 60%.
Kenshi na kenshi, insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zikoresha imiterere ibiri y’igitambaro cya pulasitiki gitwikiriwe na aluminiyumu hamwe n’umugozi w’umuringa wo mu gikombe. Ubu bwishingizi buvanze bushobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwikingira kugeza kuri 70–90 dB kuri 30 MHz.
Byongeye kandi, insinga ikomeye cyangwa ifunze y'umuringa ikunze gushyirwamo kugira ngo itange ishingiro ryinshi.
4. Icyuma cyo mu gituza
Agakoresho gafasha kurinda insinga ingaruka zo hanze ku bidukikije. Nk'uburyo bwa mbere bwo kwirinda, ibikoresho by'insinga zo mu mazi bigomba kuba birwanya ingese, kwangirika no gukwirakwira kw'inkongi z'umuriro kugira ngo bibe byizerwa kandi bitekanye mu bihe bikomeye.
Kugira ngo hongerwe umutekano wa sisitemu z'itumanaho zo mu bwato, insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu gipangu cya polyolefin (LSZH-SHF1) bitagira umwotsi mwinshi kandi bidafite umuriro mwinshi. Ibi bikoresho ntibisohora umwotsi w'uburozi mu gihe cyo gutwika kandi bikurikiza amabwiriza ya IEC 60332-1 single-cable fire retardancy, IEC 60332-3-22 bundled fire retardancy, ndetse na IEC 60754-1/2 na IEC 61034-1/2 adafite umwuka mwinshi kandi adafite umwuka mwinshi. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa ibyago ku mutekano w'abakozi mu gihe habaye inkongi y'umuriro, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Mu nyubako zo mu mazi n'ibindi bisa, insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zishobora no gukenerwa kugira ngo zigaragaze ko zirwanya peteroli n'ibyondo. Muri ibyo bihe, ibikoresho bya LSZH-SHF2 bifite ubudahangarwa bw'amavuta, cyangwa ibikoresho bya LSZH-SHF2-MUD bifite ubudahangarwa bw'ibyondo, bitoranywa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gipangu.
5. Imiterere yihariye
Mu bihe bisanzwe, imiterere isanzwe y'insinga za bisi zo mu mazi igizwe n'umuyoboro w'amazi, insulation, shield, na sheath irahagije mu bikorwa byinshi byo mu mazi. Iyo hashyizweho ibisabwa mu mikorere myiza, imiterere y'insinga ishobora guhindurwa uko bikwiye.
Urugero, mu bikorwa bisaba uburinzi bw'inyongera bwa mekanike, urwego rw'ingabo rushobora kongerwamo, hamwe n'urundi rukanda kugira ngo habeho imiterere y'ingabo ifite ibizingo bibiri. Uru rwego rw'ingabo rusanzwe rukozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa galvanised, ibyo byongera imbaraga za mekanike kandi bikarinda insinga kwangirika mu bidukikije bikomeye.
Iyo insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zikoreshwa mu buryo burwanya inkongi, imipira yometseho kaseti ya mica yongerwaho hejuru y’urukuta rw’ubushyuhe kugira ngo huzuzwe amabwiriza ya IEC 60331 yo kwirinda inkongi ndetse n’ibisabwa mu buryo bwizewe kugira ngo umuntu agaruke ku cyambu.
Umwanzuro
Imiterere y’imiterere n’uburyo insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zitoranywamo ni ibintu by’ingenzi bituma habaho kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo buhamye kandi bwizewe mu turere tw’inyanja dukomereye. Byaba ari ibyuma bicukura umuringa, ibyuma bikingira poliyetinamu bifite ifuro, cyangwa ibikoresho bitagira umwotsi mwinshi bitagira umuriro, ibi bikoresho byakozwe neza cyane kandi binonosorwa.
Insinga zikozwe neza zituma insinga za bisi zo mu mazi zikora neza kandi zizewe mu buryo buhoraho mu bidukikije byo mu mazi aho ubushyuhe bwinshi, ingese y’umunyu, n’ingufu zikomeye z’amashanyarazi bihurira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-21-2026