Ingabo ikoreshwa mu nsinga n’ibikoresho bifite insinga ebyiri zitandukanye: gukingira amashanyarazi no gukingira amashanyarazi. Gukingira amashanyarazi bigamije gukumira insinga zohereza ibimenyetso byihuta cyane (nk'insinga za RF hamwe n'insinga za elegitoronike) bitera kwivanga hanze cyangwa guhagarika imiraba ya electromagnetiki yo hanze itabangamira insinga zitanga imiyoboro idakomeye (nk'ibimenyetso cyangwa insinga zapimwe), ndetse no kugabanya inzira ihuza insinga. Amashanyarazi yumurima yagenewe kuringaniza umurima wamashanyarazi hejuru yumurongo wa kiyobora cyangwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwumuriro w'amashanyarazi yo hagati na nini cyane.
1. Imiterere nibisabwa byumuriro wamashanyarazi
Gukingira insinga z'amashanyarazi birimo gukingira imiyoboro, gukingira izirinda, hamwe no gukingira ibyuma. Ukurikije ibipimo bifatika, insinga zifite ingufu zapimwe zirenze 0,6 / 1kV zigomba kugira icyuma gikingira icyuma, gishobora gukoreshwa kuri buri cyuma cyiziritse cyangwa kuri kabili ya kabili. Kuri insinga za XLPE zifite insimburangingo zifite umuvuduko uri munsi ya 3.6 / 6kV na EPR insinga zidafite insinga zifite ingufu zingana na munsi ya 3.6 / 6kV (cyangwa insinga zifite insimburangingo zifite ingufu zingana na munsi ya 6 / 10kV), ibyuma byo gukingira imbere no hanze.
(1) Gukingira Kiyobora no Gukingira
Gukingira ikiyobora (gukingira igice cyimbere cyimbere) bigomba kuba bitari ibyuma, bigizwe nibikoresho byacishijwe bugufi cyangwa kaseti ya kaburimbo yazengurutswe nuyobora hanyuma ikurikirwa nigice cya kabiri cyayobora.
Gukingira gukingira (gukingira igice cya kabiri cyikingira) ni icyuma kitari icyuma giciriritse gisohoka mu buryo butaziguye hejuru yinyuma ya buri kintu cyiziritse, gishobora guhuzwa cyane cyangwa gishobora kuva mu bwigunge. Ibice byimbere byimbere ninyuma bigomba guhuzwa cyane na insulasiyo, hamwe nintera nziza, nta kimenyetso kigaragara, kandi nta mpande zikarishye, ibice, ibimenyetso byaka, cyangwa ibishushanyo. Kurwanya mbere na nyuma yo gusaza ntibigomba kurenga 1000 Ω · m kurwego rwo gukingira imiyoboro hamwe na 500 Ω · m kurwego rwo gukingira.
Ibikoresho byo gukingira imbere n’inyuma bikozwe mu kuvanga ibikoresho bikwiranye (nka polyethylene ihujwe, reberi ya Ethylene-propylene, nibindi) hamwe na karuboni yumukara, antioxydants, Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, nibindi byongeweho. Ibice byumukara wa karubone bigomba gukwirakwizwa kimwe muri polymer, nta agglomeration cyangwa ikwirakwizwa nabi.
Ubunini bwimbere ninyuma igice cya kabiri cyayobora ingabo ziyongera hamwe nurwego rwa voltage. Kuberako ingufu z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi kurwego rwo hejuru ziri hejuru imbere no hepfo hanze, ubunini bwigice cya kabiri cyikingira gikingira nacyo kigomba kuba kinini imbere kuruta hanze. Mubihe byashize, gukingira igice cya kabiri cyikingira cyakozwemo umubyimba muto ugereranije n’imbere kugirango wirinde gushushanya bitewe no kutagabanuka neza cyangwa gutoborwa biterwa na kaseti y'umuringa ikabije. Noneho, hamwe na interineti ikurikirana ya sag igenzurwa hamwe na kasete yumuringa yoroshye, igice cyimbere cyikingira cyimbere kigomba gukorwa mubyimbye gato cyangwa bingana nigice cyo hanze. Kuri insinga ya 6-10-35 kV, uburebure bwimbere ni mm 0,5–0.6–0.8.
(2) Gukingira ibyuma
Intsinga zifite voltage irenze 0,6 / 1kV igomba kugira icyuma gikingira icyuma. Icyuma gikingira icyuma kigomba gukoreshwa kuri buri kintu cyibanze cyangwa insinga. Gukingira ibyuma bigomba kuba bigizwe na kaseti imwe cyangwa nyinshi, ibyuma, ibyuma byibanda ku byuma, cyangwa guhuza insinga z'icyuma na kaseti.
Mu Burayi no mu bindi bihugu byateye imbere, kubera ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo kurwanya-imiyoboro ibiri-ifite imiyoboro minini y’umuzunguruko muto, gukingira insinga z'umuringa bikunze gukoreshwa. Bamwe mu bakora uruganda bashyira insinga z'umuringa mu cyatsi cyo gutandukanya cyangwa icyuma cyo hanze kugirango bagabanye diameter. Mu Bushinwa, usibye imishinga imwe n'imwe yifashisha sisitemu yo gukubitwa kabiri-sisitemu, sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha arc-suppression coil-ground-imwe yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mugufi kugeza byibuze, bityo gukingira kaseti y'umuringa birashobora gukoreshwa. Uruganda rukora imigozi rwaguze kaseti zikomeye zumuringa mukunyerera no gufatisha kugirango ugere ku ntera ndende kandi ikomeye (birakomeye cyane bizashushanya urwego rukingira ingirabuzimafatizo, byoroshye cyane bizabyimba) mbere yo kubikoresha. Kasete y'umuringa yoroshye igomba kubahiriza GB / T11091-2005 Tape y'umuringa ku nsinga.
Gukingira kaseti y'umuringa bigomba kuba bigizwe nigice kimwe cyumuringa woroshye wuzuye umuringa cyangwa ibice bibiri bya kaseti yumuringa woroshye hamwe nu cyuho. Ikigereranyo cyo guhuzagurika cya kaseti y'umuringa igomba kuba 15% y'ubugari bwayo (agaciro k'izina), kandi igipimo ntarengwa cyo hejuru ntigomba kuba munsi ya 5%. Ubunini bw'izina bwa kaseti y'umuringa bugomba kuba nibura mm 0,12 kuri insinga imwe na byibura 0,10 mm kuri insinga nyinshi. Umubyimba ntarengwa wa kaseti y'umuringa ntugomba kuba munsi ya 90% yagaciro kizina. Ukurikije diameter yo hanze yikingira (≤25 mm cyangwa> 25 mm), ubugari bwa kaseti y'umuringa ubusanzwe ni mm 30-35.
Gukingira insinga z'umuringa bikozwe mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukomeretsa insinga z'umuringa zoroshye, zifatanije no gupfunyika impuzu z'umuringa cyangwa kaseti z'umuringa. Kurwanya kwayo bigomba kuba byujuje ibyasabwaga na GB / T3956-2008 Abayobora insinga, kandi agace kayo kambukiranya ibice kagomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwubu. Gukingira insinga z'umuringa birashobora gukoreshwa hejuru yicyuma cyimbere cyinsinga eshatu cyangwa hejuru yuburyo butaziguye, igice cyo gukingira igice cyo hanze, cyangwa icyuma cyimbere cyinsinga imwe. Ikigereranyo cyo hagati yinsinga z'umuringa zegeranye ntigomba kurenza mm 4. Impuzandengo ya G ibarwa ikoresheje formula:
aho:
D - umurambararo wa kabili munsi yumuringa ukingira, muri mm;
d - diameter y'insinga z'umuringa, muri mm;
n - umubare winsinga z'umuringa.
2. Uruhare rwo Kurinda Imirongo nubusabane bwabo na Voltage Urwego
(1) Uruhare rwimbere ninyuma ya Semi-Imyitwarire ikingira
Imiyoboro ya kabili isanzwe ikusanyirijwe mu nsinga nyinshi. Mugihe cyo gukuramo insulasiyo, icyuho, burrs, nibindi bitagenda neza birashobora kubaho hagati yubuso bwumuyoboro n’urwego rwabigizemo uruhare, bigatera umurima w’amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho icyuho cy’ikirere cyaho ndetse no gusohora ibiti, no kugabanya imikorere ya dielectric. Mugukuramo igice cyibikoresho bitwara igice (gukingira kiyobora) hejuru yuyobora, bituma habaho imikoranire ikomeye na insulation. Kuberako igice cya kabiri cyayobora hamwe nuyobora birasa kimwe, kabone niyo haba hari icyuho hagati yabo, ntihazabaho ibikorwa byumuriro wamashanyarazi, bityo bikabuza gusohora igice.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hari icyuho kiri hagati yubuso bw’inyuma n’icyuma (cyangwa gukingira ibyuma), kandi uko urwego rwa voltage ruri hejuru, niko bishoboka ko hasohoka imyuka yo mu kirere. Mugukuramo igice cyayobora (insulasiyo ikingira) hejuru yubuso bwinyuma, ubuso bwibikoresho byo hanze bikozwe hamwe nicyuma cyuma, bikuraho imirima yamashanyarazi mubyuho kandi bikarinda gusohora igice.
(2) Uruhare rwo Kwirinda Ibyuma
Imikorere yo gukingira ibyuma birimo: gutwara imiyoboro ya capacitif mubihe bisanzwe, ikora nkinzira yumuyaga mugufi mugihe cyamakosa; gufunga umurima w'amashanyarazi muri insulasiyo (kugabanya interineti ya electromagnetic interineti) no kwemeza umurima w'amashanyarazi umwe; gukora nkumurongo utabogamye mubice bitatu-bine-sisitemu yo gutwara imiyoboro idahwitse; no gutanga uburinzi bwo gukumira amazi.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-28-2025