1. Intangiriro
Umugozi w'itumanaho mugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byinshyi nyinshi, abayobora bazatanga ingaruka zuruhu, kandi hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshuro zerekana ibimenyetso byanduye, ingaruka zuruhu zirakomeye kandi zikomeye. Ibyo bita ingaruka zuruhu bivuga ihererekanyabubasha ryibimenyetso hejuru yinyuma yumuyoboro wimbere hamwe nubuso bwimbere bwumuyoboro winyuma wumugozi wa coaxial mugihe inshuro yikimenyetso cyatanzwe igera kuri kilohertz cyangwa ibihumbi icumi bya hertz.
By'umwihariko, hamwe n’igiciro mpuzamahanga cy’umuringa uzamuka hamwe n’umutungo w’umuringa muri kamere ugenda urushaho kuba ingume, bityo rero gukoresha ibyuma bikozwe mu muringa cyangwa umuringa wambaye umuringa wa aluminiyumu kugira ngo bisimbuze abayobora umuringa, byabaye umurimo w’inganda zikora insinga n’insinga, ariko kandi mu kuzamura no gukoresha umwanya munini w’isoko.
Ariko insinga iri mu isahani y'umuringa, kubera kubanza kubivura, kubanza kubitsa nikel hamwe nibindi bikorwa, kimwe n'ingaruka z'umuti wa plaque, byoroshye kubyara ibibazo bikurikira: Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kwemeza ubwiza bwikibiriti. Uru rupapuro ruganira ahanini ku mahame yuburyo bukoreshwa mu gukora insinga zikozwe mu muringa zikozwe mu mashanyarazi hifashishijwe amashanyarazi, hamwe n’ibitera ibibazo by’ubuziranenge n’uburyo bwo kubikemura. 1 Icyuma cyometseho umuringa wicyuma hamwe nibitera
1. 1 Mbere yo kuvura insinga
Ubwa mbere, insinga yibizwa muri alkaline no gutoragura umuti, hanyuma voltage runaka igashyirwa kumurongo (anode) hamwe nisahani (cathode), anode igusha ogisijeni nyinshi. Inshingano nyamukuru yiyi myuka ni: imwe, ibibyimba byubugizi bwa nabi hejuru yumugozi wibyuma hamwe na electrolyte yegeranye bigira uruhare mukubyutsa imashini no kwambura, bityo bigatuma amavuta ava hejuru yicyuma, byihutisha gahunda ya saponifike na emulisation yamavuta namavuta; icya kabiri, kubera utubuto duto twometse kumurongo uri hagati yicyuma nigisubizo, hamwe nigituba hamwe nicyuma cyuma hanze, ibituba bizaba bifatanye numugozi wibyuma hamwe namavuta menshi hejuru yumuti, kubwibyo rero, kuri bubbles bizazana amavuta menshi yiziritse kumurongo wicyuma hejuru yumuti, bityo bigateza imbere kuvanaho amavuta, kandi mugihe kimwe, ntabwo byoroshye kubyara amavuta, kandi mugihe kimwe, ntabwo byoroshye kubyara amavuta, kandi mugihe kimwe, ntago byoroshye kubyara amavuta, kandi mugihe kimwe, ntabwo byoroshye kubyara amavuta, kandi mugihe kimwe, ntabwo byoroshye kubyara amavuta, kandi mugihe kimwe, ntabwo byoroshye, yabonetse.
1. Gushyira insinga
Ubwa mbere, insinga irabanza gutunganywa no kubanza gushyirwaho nikel mu kuyishira mumashanyarazi hanyuma ugashyiraho voltage runaka kuri wire (cathode) hamwe nicyapa cyumuringa (anode). Kuri anode, isahani y'umuringa itakaza electron kandi ikora ion z'umuringa zingana kubwogero bwa electrolytike (isahani):
Cu - 2e → Cu2 +
Kuri cathode, insinga z'icyuma zongera gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa elegitoronike kandi ion zingana z'umuringa zishyirwa ku nsinga kugira ngo zibe insinga zikozwe mu muringa:
Cu2 + + 2e → Cu
Cu2 + + e → Cu +
Cu + + e → Cu
2H + + 2e → H2
Iyo ingano ya aside iri mu gisubizo cya plaque idahagije, sulfate ya cuprous iba hydrolysed byoroshye kugirango ikore oxyde oxyde. Igikombe cya oxyde yafashwe mu isahani, bigatuma irekura. Cu2 SO4 + H2O [Cu2O + H2 SO4
I. Ibice by'ingenzi
Umugozi wa optique wo hanze usanzwe ugizwe na fibre yambaye ubusa, umuyoboro udafunguye, ibikoresho bifunga amazi, ibintu bikomeza, hamwe nicyatsi cyo hanze. Ziza muburyo butandukanye nko gushushanya imiyoboro yo hagati, guhuza imirongo, hamwe na skeleton.
Fibre fibre yerekeza fibre optique ifite diameter ya micrometero 250. Mubisanzwe bashiramo urwego rwibanze, rwambaraga, hamwe na coating layer. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa fibre yambaye ubusa ifite ubunini butandukanye. Kurugero, fibre imwe-imwe ya OS2 muri rusange ni micrometero 9, mugihe multimode OM2 / OM3 / OM4 / OM5 fibre ni micrometero 50, naho fibre nyinshi ya OM1 ni micrometero 62.5. Bare fibre ikunze kuba ibara-kode yo gutandukanya fibre yibanze.
Imiyoboro irekuye ikozwe mububasha bukomeye bwa plastike PBT kandi ikoreshwa muguhuza fibre yambaye ubusa. Zitanga uburinzi kandi zuzuyemo geli ifunga amazi kugirango birinde amazi ashobora kwangiza fibre. Gele nayo ikora nka buffer kugirango irinde fibre ingaruka. Igikorwa cyo gukora imiyoboro irekuye ningirakamaro kugirango uburebure bwa fibre burenze.
Ibikoresho bifunga amazi birimo amavuta yo guhagarika amazi, umugozi uhagarika amazi, cyangwa ifu ifunga amazi. Kugirango turusheho kunoza umugozi muri rusange ubushobozi bwo guhagarika amazi, inzira nyamukuru ni ugukoresha amavuta yo guhagarika amazi.
Gukomeza ibintu biza muburyo bwibyuma kandi bitari ibyuma. Ibyuma akenshi bikozwe mubyuma bya fosifati, ibyuma bya aluminiyumu, cyangwa kaseti. Ibintu bitari ibyuma bikozwe cyane cyane mubikoresho bya FRP. Hatitawe ku bikoresho byakoreshejwe, ibi bintu bigomba gutanga imbaraga zikenewe kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa bisanzwe, harimo kurwanya impagarara, kunama, ingaruka, no kugoreka.
Amabati yo hanze agomba gutekereza kubidukikije bikoreshwa, harimo kwirinda amazi, kurwanya UV, no guhangana nikirere. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bya black PE birakoreshwa cyane, nkibintu byiza byumubiri nubumashini byemeza ko bikwiye hanze.
2 Impamvu zibibazo byubuziranenge muburyo bwo gutunganya umuringa nibisubizo byazo
2. Niba firime ya peteroli na okiside hejuru yinsinga idakuweho burundu, noneho nikel yabanje gushyirwaho icyuma ntigizwe neza kandi guhuza ni bibi, amaherezo bikazatuma igipande kinini cyumuringa kigwa. Ni ngombwa rero guhanga amaso ubwinshi bwamazi ya alkaline na pisine, umuyoboro wa alkaline na alkaline kandi niba pompe ari ibisanzwe, kandi niba atari byo, bigomba gusanwa vuba. Ibibazo bisanzwe byubuziranenge mbere yo kuvura insinga zicyuma nibisubizo byazo bigaragara mumeza
2. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gusesengura buri gihe no guhindura igipimo cyibigize igisubizo cyateguwe mbere ya nikel no kwemeza ko igisubizo cya nikel cyateguwe mbere gisukuye kandi kitanduye.
2.3 Ingaruka yumuti wingenzi wibisahani kumurongo wa plaque Igisubizo cya plaque kirimo sulfate y'umuringa na acide sulfurike nkibice bibiri, ibice bigize igipimo kigena neza ubwiza bwurwego. Niba ubunini bwa sulfate y'umuringa buri hejuru cyane, kristu ya sulfate y'umuringa izagwa; niba kwibumbira hamwe kwa sulfate y'umuringa ari muke cyane, insinga izahita yaka kandi imikorere yo gufata neza izagira ingaruka. Acide ya sulfurike irashobora kunoza amashanyarazi no gukora neza muri iki gihe cyo gukemura amashanyarazi, kugabanya ubukana bwa ion z'umuringa mu gisubizo cya electroplating (ingaruka imwe ya ion), bityo bikazamura polarisiyasi ya cathodic no gukwirakwiza igisubizo cya electroplating, ku buryo igipimo cy’ubucucike kiriho cyiyongera, kandi bikarinda hydrolysis ya sulfrous sulfate mu gisubizo cya electrode ikabuza gukomera, bikaba bifasha guseswa bisanzwe kwa anode. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko aside irike ya sulfurike igabanya ubukana bwa sulfate y'umuringa. Iyo aside ya sulfurike iri mu gisubizo cyo ku isahani idahagije, sulfate y'umuringa ihita yinjizwa muri oxyde ya cuprous hanyuma igashyirwa mu isahani, ibara ry'urwego riba umwijima kandi rirekuye; mugihe habaye aside irike ya sulfurike mugisubizo cyisahani kandi umunyu wumuringa ntuhagije, hydrogène izasohoka igice muri cathode, kugirango ubuso bwurwego rusa neza. Fosifore y'umuringa isahani ya fosifore nayo igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'igitwikirizo, ibirimo fosifore bigomba kugenzurwa mu ntera ya 0. 04% kugeza 0. 07%, niba bitarenze 0. 02%, biragoye gukora firime kugirango ibuze umusaruro wa ion z'umuringa, bityo byongere ifu y'umuringa mu gisubizo cy'isahani; niba fosifore irenze 0. 1%, bizagira ingaruka ku iseswa rya anode y'umuringa, ku buryo ibirimo ioni y'umuringa ihwanye n'umuti wa plaque bigabanuka, kandi bikabyara ibyondo byinshi bya anode. Byongeye kandi, isahani y'umuringa igomba kwozwa buri gihe kugirango wirinde umwanda wa anode kwanduza igisubizo cya plaque kandi bigatera uburakari hamwe na burr mu gipande.
3 Umwanzuro
Binyuze mu gutunganya ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, guhuza no gukomeza ibicuruzwa nibyiza, ubuziranenge burahagaze kandi imikorere ni nziza. Nyamara, mubikorwa nyabyo byakozwe, hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yisahani mugikorwa cyo gufata amasahani, ikibazo nikimara kuboneka, kigomba gusesengurwa no kwigwa mugihe kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikwiye kugirango gikemuke.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-14-2022