Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ubwirinzi bw'insinga za Dc: Gutuma habaho ihererekanyamakuru ry'ingufu rikora neza kandi ryizewe

Ikwirakwizwa ry'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi mu nsinga za AC ni rimwe, kandi intego y'ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga ni uguhuza amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, bitagengwa n'ubushyuhe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ikwirakwizwa ry'imbaraga mu nsinga za DC riri hejuru cyane mu gice cy'imbere cy'insinga kandi riterwa n'ubushobozi bwo kwirinda bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga. Ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga bigaragaza ubushyuhe buri hasi, bivuze ko uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda bugabanuka.

Iyo insinga ikora, igihombo cy’ibanze gitera ubushyuhe kwiyongera, bigatera impinduka mu buryo ibikoresho bikingira. Ibi bituma imbaraga z’amashanyarazi mu gice gikingira zihinduka. Mu yandi magambo, ku bunini bumwe bw’ibikoresho bikingira, ingufu zigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ku mirongo ya DC mu bigo by’amashanyarazi bikwirakwira, igipimo cyo gusaza cy’ibikoresho bikingira kirushaho kwihuta bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere ugereranije n’insinga zipfutse, iyi ikaba ari ingingo y’ingenzi yo kwibandaho.

Mu gihe cyo gukora ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga, imyanda irashyirwamo byanze bikunze. Iyi myanda ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda insinga kandi ikwirakwira mu cyerekezo cy’urukiramende rw’urukiramende. Ibi bituma habaho ubushobozi bwo kwirinda insinga ahantu hatandukanye. Mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi ya DC, ingufu z’amashanyarazi ziri mu rukiramende nazo ziratandukana, bigatuma ahantu hafite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda insinga hashaje vuba kandi hagahinduka ahantu hashobora kwangirika.

Insinga za AC ntizigaragaza iki kibazo. Mu magambo make, imbaraga zishyirwa ku bikoresho bya AC zikwirakwira mu buryo bumwe, mu gihe muri DC, imbaraga zishyirwa mu byuma zirinda ubushyuhe zihora ziba ahantu hato cyane. Kubwibyo, inzira n'amahame yo gukora insinga za AC na DC bigomba gucungwa mu buryo butandukanye.

Polyethylene ifatanye n'ibindi (XLPE)Insinga zishyushye zikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya AC bitewe n'imiterere yazo myiza ya dielectric n'iy'umubiri, ndetse n'igipimo cyazo cyo hejuru cy'ikiguzi n'imikorere. Ariko, iyo zikoreshejwe nk'insinga za DC, zihura n'ikibazo gikomeye kijyanye no gushyushya umwanya, cyane cyane insinga za DC zifite voltage nyinshi. Iyo polymer zikoreshwa nk'ingufu za DC, umubare munini w'imitego iri mu gice cy'ingufu zishyushye utera ubwinshi bw'ingufu z'umwanya. Ingaruka z'ingufu z'umwanya ku bikoresho by'ingufu zigaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri: gushyushya amashanyarazi n'ingaruka zo gushyushya amashanyarazi, byombi bigira ingaruka mbi cyane ku bikoresho by'ingufu.

Gutanga umuriro w'ikirere bivuga amashanyarazi arenze aho amashanyarazi agarukira mu gice cy'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya macroscopic. Mu bintu bikomeye, amashanyarazi meza cyangwa mabi ahujwe n'urwego rw'ingufu za localized, bigatanga ingaruka za polarization mu buryo bwa polarons ziboshye. Gutanga umuriro w'ikirere bibaho iyo ions zigenga ziri mu bikoresho bya dielectric. Bitewe n'ingendo za ions, ions negative zirundanya ku murongo wegereye electrode nziza, naho ions nziza zirundanya ku murongo wegereye electrode negative. Mu murima w'amashanyarazi wa AC, kwimuka kw'amashanyarazi meza n'ayiza ntibishobora kugendana n'impinduka zihuse mu murima w'amashanyarazi, bityo ingaruka za charge y'ikirere ntizibaho. Ariko mu murima w'amashanyarazi wa DC, amashanyarazi akwirakwira hakurikijwe resistivity, biganisha ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi y'ikirere kandi bigira ingaruka ku ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi. XLPE insulation igizwe n'imibare myinshi y'imiterere ya localized, bigatuma ingaruka za charge y'ikirere zikomeye cyane.

Ubwishingizi bwa XLPE bugizwe n'imiti ifatanye, bugakora imiterere ifatanye. Nk'umuyoboro utari polar, umuyoboro ubwawo ushobora kugereranywa na capacitor nini. Iyo DC ihagaze, bingana no gusharija capacitor. Nubwo core ya conductor ihagaze, ntabwo isohora neza, bigatuma ingufu nyinshi za DC zibikwa muri iyo capacitor nk'ingufu z'umwanya. Bitandukanye n'insinga z'amashanyarazi za AC, aho charge z'umwanya zisohoka bitewe n'igihombo cya dielectric, izi charges zirundanya iyo hari inenge muri iyo capacitor.

Uko igihe kigenda gihita, bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’imbaraga z’amashanyarazi cyangwa ihindagurika ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, insinga za XLPE zishyushya ziyongeraho ubwinshi bw’ingufu z’umwanya, zikihutisha gusaza kw’urwego rw’ubushyuhe kandi zikagabanya igihe cy’imikorere y’insinga.