Ibice bigize insinga nibicuruzwa birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bine byingenzi:abayobora, Inzira, gukingira no kurinda ibice, hamwe no kuzuza ibice nibintu byingutu. Ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshwe hamwe nibisabwa, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byubatswe biroroshye, bifite imiyoboro gusa nkibigize imiterere, nk'insinga zambaye ubusa hejuru, insinga z'itumanaho, imiyoboro y'umuringa-aluminium (busbars), n'ibindi. ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri insulator mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho no gutandukanya umwanya (ni ukuvuga izirinda ikirere) kugirango umutekano ubeho.
1. Abayobora
Abayobora nibintu byingenzi kandi byingirakamaro bashinzwe guhererekanya amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi yumuriro mubicuruzwa. Abayobora, bakunze kwitwa insinga ziyobora insinga, bikozwe mumashanyarazi maremare adafite fer nkumuringa, aluminiyumu, nibindi.
2
Ibi bice bitwikiriye abayobora, bitanga amashanyarazi. Bemeza ko imiyoboro ya elegitoroniki cyangwa amashanyarazi / optique yanduza gusa ingendo ziyobora kandi atari hanze. Ibice byokwirinda bikomeza ubushobozi (ni ukuvuga voltage) kumuyobora kugirango bitagira ingaruka kubintu bikikije kandi bikareba imikorere isanzwe yohereza imiyoboro hamwe numutekano wo hanze kubintu nabantu.
Abayobora hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika ibintu nibintu bibiri byingenzi bikenerwa kubikoresho bya kabili (usibye insinga zambaye ubusa).
Mubihe bitandukanye bidukikije mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho no gukora, insinga ninsinga zigomba kugira ibice bitanga uburinzi, cyane cyane kubirindiro. Ibi bice bizwi nkibice birinda.
Kuberako ibikoresho byokwirinda bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi, bisaba ubuziranenge bwinshi nibintu bitanduye. Nyamara, ibyo bikoresho akenshi ntibishobora icyarimwe kurinda icyarimwe ibintu byo hanze (ni ukuvuga imbaraga za mashini mugihe cyo kuyikoresha no kuyikoresha, kurwanya ikirere cyikirere, imiti, amavuta, iterabwoba ryibinyabuzima, n’ibyago by’umuriro). Ibi bisabwa bikemurwa nuburyo butandukanye bwo kurinda.
Ku nsinga zagenewe cyane cyane ibidukikije byiza byo hanze (urugero, isuku, yumye, ahantu h'imbere hatariho ingufu za mashini zo hanze), cyangwa mugihe ibintu byabigenewe ubwabyo byerekana imbaraga za mashini hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ntihashobora gukenerwa urwego rukingira nkuko ikintu.
4. Ingabo
Nibigize mubikoresho byinsinga bitandukanya amashanyarazi yumurongo wa kabili kuva mumashanyarazi yo hanze. Ndetse no mu nsinga zitandukanye cyangwa amatsinda mubicuruzwa bya kabili, kwigunga birakenewe. Igice cyo gukingira gishobora gusobanurwa nk "ecran ya electromagnetic yonyine."
Kumyaka myinshi, inganda zafashe urwego rwo gukingira nkigice cyimiterere yo kurinda. Ariko, birasabwa ko bigomba gufatwa nkibice bitandukanye. Ibi ni ukubera ko imikorere yikingira ikingira atari ugukoresha amashanyarazi gusa gutandukanya amakuru yatanzwe mugicuruzwa cya kabili, kuyirinda kumeneka cyangwa gutera intambamyi kubikoresho byo hanze cyangwa indi mirongo, ariko kandi no kubuza imiyoboro ya electroniki ya magnetiki yinjira mubicuruzwa byanyuze binyuze guhuza amashanyarazi. Ibi bisabwa bitandukanye nibikorwa gakondo birinda ibikorwa. Byongeye kandi, igikoresho cyo gukingira ntabwo gishyizwe hanze gusa mubicuruzwa ahubwo gishyirwa hagati ya buri cyuma cyangwa imigozi myinshi mumugozi. Mu myaka icumi ishize, kubera iterambere ryihuse rya sisitemu yo kohereza amakuru ukoresheje insinga n’insinga, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umuriro wa electromagnetic wivanga mu kirere, inyubako zitandukanye zakingiwe zaragwiriye. Gusobanukirwa ko igikoresho cyo gukingira ari ikintu cyibanze cyibikoresho byinsinga byemewe cyane.
Ibicuruzwa byinshi byinsinga ninsinga nibyinshi-nkibikoresho byinshi, nkinsinga nyinshi zingufu zamashanyarazi zikaba insinga enye cyangwa insinga eshanu (zikwiranye na sisitemu yibice bitatu), hamwe ninsinga za terefone zo mumijyi kuva kuri 800 kugeza kuri 3600. Nyuma yo guhuza utwo dukingirizo cyangwa insinga zibiri mumigozi (cyangwa inshuro nyinshi guteranya), imiterere idasanzwe hamwe nu cyuho kinini kibaho hagati yimigozi yiziritse cyangwa insinga zombi. Kubwibyo, imiterere yuzuye igomba gushyirwamo mugihe cyo guteranya insinga. Intego yiyi miterere ni ugukomeza kugereranya diameter yo hanze isa na coiling, koroshya gupfunyika no gukuramo ibishishwa. Byongeye kandi, ituma insinga itajegajega hamwe nuburinganire bwimbere, gukwirakwiza imbaraga zingana mugihe cyo gukoresha (kurambura, kwikuramo, no kunama mugihe cyo gukora no kuryama) kugirango birinde kwangirika kwimiterere yimbere.
Kubwibyo, nubwo kuzuza imiterere ari umufasha, birakenewe. Amabwiriza arambuye arahari kubijyanye no gutoranya ibikoresho no gushushanya iyi miterere.
Ubusanzwe insinga ninsinga zisanzwe zishingiye kumurongo wintwaro yo kurinda kugirango uhangane nimbaraga ziva hanze cyangwa impagarara ziterwa nuburemere bwazo. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo ibyuma bya kaseti hamwe nicyuma cyicyuma (nko gukoresha insinga 8mm zibyuma, zahinduwe mukigero cyintwaro, kubitsinga byamazi). Nyamara, mumashanyarazi ya fibre optique, kugirango urinde fibre imbaraga zidahwitse, wirinde ihinduka iryo ariryo ryose rishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere, kwanduza ibanze nayisumbuye hamwe nibikoresho byihariye bya tensile byinjijwe muburyo bwa kabili. Kurugero, mumashanyarazi ya terefone igendanwa, insinga nziza y'umuringa cyangwa igikonjo cyumuringa cyoroshye gikomeretsa fibre synthique ikoherezwa hamwe, aho fibre synthique ikora nkibintu bitoroshye. Muri rusange, mumyaka yashize, mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe kandi byoroshye bisaba kugoreka no kugoreka, ibintu bitesha umutwe bigira uruhare runini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2023