Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kurinda insinga: Ubwoko, imikorere, n'akamaro

Insinga yo gukingira ifite amagambo abiri yo gukingira, nk'uko izina ribigaragaza ni insinga yo kohereza ubutumwa ifite uburinzi bwo hanze bw'amashanyarazi bugizwe n'urwego rwo gukingira. Icyo bita "gukingira" ku miterere y'insinga nacyo ni uburyo bwo kunoza ikwirakwizwa ry'ibice by'amashanyarazi. Umuyobozi w'insinga agizwe n'imigozi myinshi y'insinga, byoroshye gukora icyuho cy'umwuka hagati yayo n'urwego rwo gukingira, kandi ubuso bw'umuyobozi ntibube bwiza, ibyo bigatuma amashanyarazi yiyongera cyane.

1. Urukuta rw'insinga
(1). Shyiramo urwego rwo kurinda rw'ibikoresho bitwara amazi ku buso bwa conductor, rufite ubushobozi bwo guhuza na conductor ifite uburinzi kandi rukorana neza n'urwego rwo kurinda amazi, kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cy'amazi gisohoka hagati ya conductor n'urwego rwo kurinda amazi. Uru rwego rwo kurinda amazi ruzwi kandi nk'urwego rwo kurinda amazi imbere. Hashobora kandi kuba hari icyuho mu guhuza ubuso bwo kurinda amazi n'agace k'icyuma, kandi iyo insinga igonze, ubuso bwo kurinda amazi bw'urupapuro rw'amavuta bworoshye gutera imishwanyagurike, ari byo bintu bitera igice cy'amazi gusohoka.
(2). Shyiramo urwego rwo kurinda rw'ibikoresho bitwara umwuka ku buso bw'urwego rwo kurinda, rufite ubushobozi bungana n'urwego rwo kurinda umuriro kandi rufite ubushobozi bungana n'urwego rw'icyuma, kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cy'amazi gisohoka hagati y'urwego rwo kurinda umuriro n'urukuta.

Kugira ngo insinga z'amashanyarazi zigende neza kandi zishyire ubushyuhe ku butaka bw'amashanyarazi, insinga z'amashanyarazi za 6kV n'izirenzeho ingufu ziciriritse n'izikomeye muri rusange zifite urwego rw'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi n'urwego rw'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi, kandi zimwe mu nsinga zifite ingufu nke nta nsinga zifite urwego rw'uburinzi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'urwego rw'uburinzi: uburinzi butwara umuriro w'amashanyarazi n'uburinzi bw'icyuma.

2. Insinga irinzwe
Urusobe rw'insinga rushyirwa ahanini mu muyoboro w'insinga z'icyuma cyangwa firime y'icyuma, kandi hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukingira kimwe no gukingira inshuro nyinshi. Ishami rimwe risobanura firime imwe y'uburinzi cyangwa firime y'uburinzi, ishobora gupfunyika insinga imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Uburyo bwo gukingira inshuro nyinshi ni imiyoboro myinshi y'uburinzi, kandi firime y'uburinzi iri mu muyoboro umwe. Zimwe zikoreshwa mu gutandukanya uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki hagati y'insinga, izindi zikaba ari uburinzi bw'ibice bibiri bukoreshwa mu gushimangira ingaruka z'uburinzi. Uburyo bwo gukingira ni ugutera uburinzi hasi kugira ngo hakurwemo ingufu z'uburinzi bw'insinga zo hanze.

(1) Uburinzi butuma habaho amashanyarazi make
Ubusanzwe urwego rw'ingabo zitwara umuriro rushyirwa ku buso bw'inyuma bw'insinga zitwara umuriro n'inyuma y'urwego rw'ubushyuhe, aribyo byitwa urwego rw'ingabo zitwara umuriro rw'imbere n'urwego rw'ingabo zitwara umuriro rw'inyuma. Urwego rw'ubushyuhe rugizwe n'ibikoresho bitwara umuriro by'inyuma bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda no guhagarara neza. Urwego rw'ubushyuhe rw'imbere rugizwe n'ibikoresho bitwara umuriro by'inyuma bifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda guhagarara neza no guhagarara neza. Urwego rw'ubushyuhe rw'imbere rugizwe n'ibikoresho bitwara umuriro by'inyuma bifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda guhagarara neza no kwirinda gusohoka buhoro buhoro kw'insinga zitwara umuriro bitewe n'ubuso butaringaniye bw'insinga n'icyuho cy'umwuka giterwa n'insinga zigenda zihagarara. Urwego rw'ubushyuhe rw'inyuma rukorana neza n'inyuma y'urwego rw'ubushyuhe, kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo gufata neza icyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cy'inyuma cy'icyuma gisohoka bitewe n'inenge nk'icyuho ku buso bw'insinga zitwara umuriro.

(2) Ubwikingo bw'icyuma
Ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ingufu ziciriritse n'izidafite amakoti y'icyuma, hagomba kongerwaho urwego rw'uburinzi bw'icyuma hamwe n'urwego rw'uburinzi bukoresha ingufu ziciriritse. Ubusanzwe urwego rw'uburinzi bw'icyuma rupfundikirwa nakaseti y'umuringacyangwa insinga z'umuringa, ahanini zigira uruhare mu kurinda amashanyarazi.

Kubera ko umuriro unyura mu mugozi w'amashanyarazi ari munini ugereranije, imbaraga rukuruzi zizakorwa zikikije umuriro, kugira ngo zidakora ku bindi bice, bityo urwego rwo kurinda rushobora kurinda uyu murima wa electromagnetic uri mu mugozi. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwo kurinda insinga rushobora kugira uruhare runaka mu kurinda ubutaka. Iyo insinga yangiritse, umuriro wavuyemo ushobora gutembera mu nzira yo kurinda, nk'umuyoboro w'ubutaka, kugira ngo ugire uruhare mu kurinda umutekano. Bigaragara ko uruhare rw'urwego rwo kurinda insinga rukiri runini cyane.