1 Intangiriro
Kugira ngo insinga za fibre optique zikomeze gufungwa mu buryo burambye no gukumira amazi n'ubushuhe kwinjira mu gasanduku k'insinga cyangwa aho zihurira n'amazi, bigatera kwangirika kwa hydrogen, fibre igacika ndetse no kugabanuka gukomeye k'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, ubu buryo bukurikira bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira amazi n'ubushuhe:
1) Kuzuza imbere mu mugozi amavuta ya thixotropic, harimo ubwoko bw'umugozi udakunda amazi (hydrophobic), ubwoko bw'amazi abyimbye n'ubwoko bw'ubushyuhe n'ibindi. Ubu bwoko bw'ibikoresho ni ibikoresho birimo amavuta, byuzuza byinshi, bihenze, byoroshye kwanduza ibidukikije, bigoye gusukura (cyane cyane mu mugozi uhuza n'umushongi kugira ngo woge), kandi uburemere bw'umugozi bukabije.
2) Mu gice cy'imbere n'inyuma hagati yo gukoresha impeta y'amazi ishyushye ifunga, ubu buryo ntibukora neza, ni inzira igoye, ni abakora bake gusa bashobora kugeraho. 3) Gukoresha ibikoresho byumye byo kwagura amazi (ifu ifata amazi, kaseti ifunga amazi, nibindi). Ubu buryo busaba ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho, ikiguzi kinini, uburemere bw'insinga nabwo buraremereye cyane. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imiterere y'insinga yumye yashyizwe mu nsinga y'amatara, kandi yakoreshejwe neza mu mahanga, cyane cyane mu gukemura ikibazo cyo kwipima uburemere bunini no gukurura insinga nyinshi z'amatara zifite ibyiza bitagereranywa. Ibikoresho bifunga amazi bikoreshwa muri iyi nsinga yumye ni insinga ifunga amazi. Insinga ifunga amazi ishobora kwinjiza amazi vuba no kubyimba kugira ngo ikore gel, igafunga umwanya w'umuyoboro w'amazi w'insinga, bityo ikagera ku ntego yo kuziba amazi. Byongeye kandi, insinga ifunga amazi nta bintu birimo amavuta kandi igihe gisabwa mu gutegura agace gishobora kugabanuka cyane hatabayeho gusiba, gushonga n'imashini zisukura. Kugira ngo tubone uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, kubaka byoroshye, imikorere yizewe n'ibikoresho bihendutse byo kuziba amazi, twakoze ubwoko bushya bw'ubudodo bushobora kuziba amazi bukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi.
2 Ihame ryo kuziba amazi n'imiterere y'ubudodo bwo kuziba amazi
Akamaro ko kuziba amazi k'ubudodo buziba amazi ni ugukoresha igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubudodo buziba amazi kugira ngo hakorwe ingano nini ya gel (amazi ashobora kugera ku nshuro nyinshi z'ingano yayo, nko mu munota wa mbere amazi ashobora kwaguka vuba kuva kuri mm 0.5 kugeza kuri mm 5.0), kandi ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi bwa gel ni bukomeye cyane, bushobora gukumira gukura kw'igiti cy'amazi, bityo bukabuza amazi gukomeza kwinjira no gukwirakwira, kugira ngo bugere ku ntego yo kudakomeza amazi. Kubera ko insinga ya fibre optique igomba kwihanganira ibidukikije bitandukanye mu gihe cyo gukora, kugerageza, gutwara, kubika no gukoresha, ubudodo buziba amazi bugomba kugira ibi bikurikira kugira ngo bukoreshwe muri insinga ya fibre optique:
1) Isura isukuye, ubunini bumwe n'imiterere yoroshye;
2) Ingufu runaka za mekanike kugira ngo zihuze n'ibisabwa mu gihe cyo gukora insinga;
3) kubyimba vuba, kudahindagurika neza mu binyabutabire no gukomera cyane mu kwinjiza amazi no gukora gel;
4) Ifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka neza mu binyabutabire, nta bintu byangiza, irwanya bagiteri n'ibihumyo;
5) Ubushyuhe buhamye, ikirere kidahindagurika, gishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya no gutunganya ibintu bitandukanye nyuma yaho ndetse n'ahantu hatandukanye ho gukoreshwa;
6) Ihuza neza n'ibindi bikoresho bya fibre optique.
3 Ubudodo burinda amazi mu gukoresha insinga ya fibre optique
3.1 Ikoreshwa ry'ubudodo budashobora gutwarwa n'amazi mu nsinga za fibre optique
Abakora insinga za fibre optique bashobora gukoresha insinga zitandukanye mu gikorwa cyo kuzikora kugira ngo zihuze n'ibyo abakoresha bakeneye bitewe n'imimerere yabo n'ibyo abakoresha bakeneye:
1) Gufunga amazi mu gihe kirekire ku gice cyo hanze hakoreshejwe ubudodo bufunga amazi
Mu byuma bikingira imigozi, agace k'inyuma kagomba kuba kadapfa amazi kugira ngo hirindwe ubushuhe n'ubukonje kwinjira mu mugozi cyangwa mu gasanduku k'umuhuza. Kugira ngo hagerwe ku mugozi w'amazi w'inyuma, hakoreshwa imigozi ibiri y'amazi, imwe muri yo ishyirwa hamwe n'imbere mu gace k'imbere, indi igapfundikirwa ku mugozi ku gice runaka (cm 8 kugeza 15), gitwikiriwe na kaseti y'icyuma ihanamye na PE (polyethylene), ku buryo umugozi w'amazi ugabanya icyuho kiri hagati y'imbere mu gace k'umugozi n'ikaseti y'icyuma mu gice gito gifunze. Umugozi w'amazi uzabyimba kandi uhinduke gel mu gihe gito, bikabuza amazi kwinjira mu mugozi kandi bigahagarikira amazi ibice bike bito hafi y'aho ikibazo kiri, bityo bikagera ku ntego y'umugozi w'amazi uhanamye, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.
Ishusho ya 1: Ikoreshwa risanzwe ry'ubudodo bufunga amazi mu nsinga z'urumuri
2) Gufunga amazi mu gihe kirekire ku gice cy'imbere cy'insinga hakoreshejwe ubudodo bufunga amaziIshobora gukoreshwa mu gice cy'imbere cy'umugozi w'ibice bibiri by'umugozi ufunga amazi, kimwe kiri mu gice cy'imbere cy'umugozi w'icyuma gikomejwe, hakoreshejwe ubudodo bubiri bufunga amazi, ubusanzwe umugozi ufunga amazi n'umugozi w'icyuma gikomejwe bishyirwa ahantu hamwe, ubundi budodo bufunga amazi bushyirwa ahantu hanini hazungurutse umugozi, hari kandi ubudodo bubiri bufunga amazi n'umugozi w'icyuma gikomejwe bishyirwa ahantu hamwe, hakoreshejwe ubudodo bufunga amazi bufite ubushobozi bwo kwaguka bukomeye mu gufunga amazi; icya kabiri ni mu gice cyo hejuru gifunguye, mbere yo gukanda igice cy'imbere, ubudodo bufunga amazi nk'umugozi uhambiriyeho, ubudodo bubiri bufunga amazi bujya ahantu hato (1 ~ 2cm) mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, bukora ikigega kinini kandi gito gifunga, kugira ngo amazi atanjira, gikozwe mu "gikoresho cy'imbere cy'umugozi wumye".
3.2 Guhitamo ubudodo burwanya amazi
Kugira ngo haboneke ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi no gutunganya neza imashini mu buryo bushimishije mu gukora insinga za fibre optique, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo guhitamo ubudodo buhangana n’amazi:
1) Ubunini bw'ubudodo bufunga amazi
Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko kwaguka k'ubudodo bufunga amazi gushobora kuzuza icyuho kiri mu gice cy'umugozi, guhitamo ubunini bw'ubudodo bufunga amazi ni ingenzi, birumvikana ko ibi bifitanye isano n'ingano y'umugozi n'umuvuduko wo kwaguka k'ubudodo bufunga amazi. Mu miterere y'umugozi hagomba kugabanywa icyuho, nko gukoresha umuvuduko wo kwaguka k'ubudodo bufunga amazi, hanyuma umurambararo w'ubudodo bufunga amazi ushobora kugabanuka ukagera ku muto, kugira ngo ubashe kubona imikorere yizewe yo kwaguka k'ubudodo, ariko kandi no kuzigama amafaranga.
2) Igipimo cyo kubyimba n'imbaraga za gel z'ubudodo bufunga amazi
Ikizamini cya IEC794-1-F5B cyo kwinjira mu mazi gikorerwa ku gice cyose cy’insinga ya fibre optique. Milita 1 y’inkingi y’amazi yongerwa ku gipimo cya metero 3 cy’insinga ya fibre optique, amasaha 24 nta gusohoka arasabwa. Niba umuvuduko wo kubyimba kw’insinga ifunga amazi utajyanye n’umuvuduko wo kwinjira mu mazi, birashoboka ko amazi yanyuze mu gipimo mu minota mike uhereye igihe ikizamini gitangiye kandi insinga ifunga amazi itarabyimba neza, nubwo nyuma y’igihe runaka insinga ifunga amazi izabyimba neza kandi igafunga amazi, ariko ibi nabyo ni ukunanirwa. Niba umuvuduko wo kwaguka wihuta kandi imbaraga za gel zidahagije, ntabwo bihagije kurwanya igitutu giterwa n’inkingi y’amazi ya metero 1, kandi umuvuduko wo kubyimba amazi nawo uzananirwa.
3) Koroshya ubudodo bufunga amazi
Kubera ko ubwoya bufunga amazi burushaho koroha ku miterere y’insinga, cyane cyane igitutu cyo ku ruhande, kudahangana n’ingaruka, nibindi, ingaruka ziragaragara cyane, bityo rero ugomba kugerageza gukoresha ubwoya bworoshye bufunga amazi.
4) Ingufu zo gukurura, uburebure n'uburebure bw'ubudodo bufunga amazi
Mu gukora buri gasanduku k'insinga, ubudodo bufunga amazi bugomba kuba bukomeza kandi butagira aho bubogamira, ibyo bikaba bisaba ko ubudodo bufunga amazi bugomba kugira imbaraga zimwe na zimwe zo gukurura no kurekura, kugira ngo ubudodo bufunga amazi budakururwa mu gihe cyo gukora, insinga mu gihe cyo kurambura, kunama, no kuzunguruka ubudodo bufunga amazi ntibwangirike. Uburebure bw'ubudodo bufunga amazi bushingiye ahanini ku burebure bw'agasanduku k'insinga, kugira ngo bigabanye inshuro ubudodo buhinduka mu gukora buri gihe, uko uburebure bw'ubudodo bufunga amazi ni ko burushaho kuba bwiza.
5) Ubushyuhe n'ubutare bw'amazi bigomba kuba bidafite aho bibogamiye, bitabaye ibyo ubushyuhe bushobora gukorana n'ibikoresho by'insinga maze bikangiza hydrogen.
6) Gukomera kw'ubudodo bufunga amazi
Imbonerahamwe ya 2: Igereranya ry'imiterere y'ubudodo buziba amazi n'ibindi bikoresho biziba amazi
| Gereranya ibintu | Kwuzuza jeli | Impeta yo guhagarika amazi ashyushye ashongeshejwe | Kaseti yo kuziba amazi | Ubudodo buzitira amazi |
| Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi | Byiza | Byiza | Byiza | Byiza |
| Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu | Byoroshye | Igoranye | Birushijeho kuba bitoroshye | Byoroshye |
| Imiterere ya mekanike | Abafite Impamyabushobozi | Abafite Impamyabushobozi | Abafite Impamyabushobozi | Abafite Impamyabushobozi |
| Kwizerwa igihe kirekire | Byiza | Byiza | Byiza | Byiza |
| Imbaraga zo guhuza ububiko | Imurikagurisha | Byiza | Imurikagurisha | Byiza |
| Ingaruka zo guhuza | Yego | No | No | No |
| Ingaruka zo gusohora okisidasiyo | Yego | No | No | No |
| Umushongi | Yego | No | No | No |
| Uburemere kuri buri gice cy'uburebure bw'insinga ya fibre optique | Biremereye | Umucyo | Biremereye cyane | Umucyo |
| Urujya n'uruza rw'ibintu bidakenewe | Birashoboka | No | No | No |
| Isuku mu musaruro | Umukene | Abakene cyane | Byiza | Byiza |
| Gukoresha ibikoresho | Ingoma z'icyuma gikomeye | Byoroshye | Byoroshye | Byoroshye |
| Ishoramari mu bikoresho | Kinini | Kinini | Kinini | Bitoya |
| Ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho | Hejuru | Hasi | Hejuru | Hasi |
| Ikiguzi cy'umusaruro | Hejuru | Hejuru | Hejuru | Hasi |
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubudodo bufunga amazi bupimirwa ahanini n'ubudahangarwa bw'igihe gito n'ubudahangarwa bw'igihe kirekire. Ubudahangarwa bw'igihe gito bufatwa ahanini nk'izamuka ry'ubushyuhe bw'igihe gito (ubushyuhe bw'uburyo bwo gusohora ubushyuhe kugeza kuri 220 ~ 240 ° C) ku miterere y'ubudodo bufunga amazi n'imiterere y'ingaruka; ubudahangarwa bw'igihe kirekire, cyane cyane ukurikije gusaza kw'ubudodo bufunga amazi, igipimo cyo kwaguka, imbaraga za gel n'ubudahangarwa, imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura kw'ingaruka, ubudodo bufunga amazi bugomba kuba mu buzima bwose bw'insinga (imyaka 20 ~ 30) ni ubudahangarwa bw'amazi. Kimwe n'amavuta afunga amazi n'agatambaro gafunga amazi, imbaraga za gel n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubudodo bufunga amazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi. Ubudodo bufunga amazi bufite imbaraga nyinshi za gel n'ubudahangarwa bwiza bushobora kugumana imiterere myiza yo guhagarika amazi igihe kirekire. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, hakurikijwe amahame y'igihugu cy'Ubudage, bimwe mu bikoresho biri mu bihe bya hydrolysis, gel izabora ikaba ibikoresho bigenda buhoro cyane, kandi ntabwo izagera ku ntego yo kudahangarwa n'amazi igihe kirekire.
3.3 Gukoresha ubudodo buziba amazi
Ubudodo bufunga amazi nk'ibikoresho byiza cyane bifunga amazi, burimo gusimbuza amavuta, impeta ifunga amazi ishyushye ifunga amazi n'ikaseti ifunga amazi, nibindi bikoreshwa ku bwinshi mu gukora insinga z'amazi, Imbonerahamwe ya 2 ivuga ku biranga bimwe mu bikoresho bifunga amazi kugira ngo bigereranywe.
4 Umwanzuro
Muri make, ubudodo bufunga amazi ni ibikoresho byiza cyane bifunga amazi bikwiriye insinga z'amashanyarazi, bifite imiterere yoroshye kubaka, imikorere yizewe, umusaruro mwiza, byoroshye gukoresha; kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byuzuza insinga z'amashanyarazi bifite ibyiza byo kuba ibiro byoroshye, imikorere yizewe kandi bihendutse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2022