Guhagarika Amazi Yabyimbye Kubikoresho bya fibre optique

1 Intangiriro

Kugirango hamenyekane igihe kirekire insinga za fibre optique no gukumira amazi nubushuhe kwinjira mumurongo wa kabili cyangwa aho bihurira no kwangirika ibyuma na fibre, bikaviramo kwangirika kwa hydrogène, kumeneka kwa fibre no kugabanuka gukabije kwimikorere y'amashanyarazi, uburyo bukurikira bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukumira amazi nubushuhe:

1) Kuzuza imbere yumugozi amavuta ya thixotropique, harimo ubwoko bwangiza amazi (hydrophobique), ubwoko bwo kubyimba amazi nubwoko bwo kwagura ubushyuhe nibindi. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho nibikoresho byamavuta, byuzuza umubare munini, igiciro cyinshi, byoroshye kwanduza ibidukikije, biragoye kubisukura (cyane cyane mugukata umugozi hamwe na solve kugirango bisukure), kandi uburemere bwumugozi buremereye cyane.

2) Mu cyuma cyimbere ninyuma hagati yo gukoresha impeta zishyushye zifata amazi ashyushye, ubu buryo ntabwo bukora neza, inzira igoye, gusa abayikora ni bake bashobora kubigeraho. 3) Gukoresha kwaguka byumye ibikoresho bifunga amazi (ifu yo kwagura amazi, ifata amazi, nibindi). Ubu buryo busaba ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, gukoresha ibikoresho, igiciro kinini, kwiyikorera-kabili nabyo biraremereye cyane. Mu myaka yashize, imiterere "yumye" yinjijwe mumurongo wa optique, kandi yakoreshejwe neza mumahanga, cyane cyane mugukemura ikibazo cyikibazo cyo kwikenura kiremereye hamwe no gutondeka bigoye kumubare munini wibikoresho bya optique bifite ibyiza bitagereranywa. Ibikoresho bifunga amazi bikoreshwa muriyi nsinga "yumye" ni umugozi uhagarika amazi. Urudodo rufunga amazi rushobora gukurura amazi vuba no kubyimba kugirango rukore gele, rugahagarika umwanya wumuyoboro wamazi wumugozi, bityo ukagera kumugambi wo guhagarika amazi. Byongeye kandi, umugozi uhagarika amazi urimo ibintu byamavuta kandi igihe gisabwa cyo gutegura ibice kirashobora kugabanuka cyane bitabaye ngombwa kohanagura, ibishishwa hamwe nisuku. Kugirango tubone inzira yoroshye, iyubakwa ryoroshye, imikorere yizewe hamwe nibikoresho bihenze byo guhagarika amazi, twateje imbere ubwoko bushya bwa kabili ya optique ya kaburimbo yamazi-ifunga-amazi-abuza imyenda.

2 Ihame ryo guhagarika amazi nibiranga amazi yo guhagarika amazi

Igikorwa cyo guhagarika amazi yimyenda ifunga amazi nugukoresha umubiri wingenzi wa fibre ifunga amazi kugirango ube umubumbe munini wa gel (kwinjiza amazi bishobora kugera ku ncuro icumi ubwinshi bwabyo, nko mumunota wambere wamazi ushobora kwaguka byihuse kuva kuri 0. 5mm ukagera kuri 5. 0mm diametre), kandi ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi kugirango bugere kumazi kugirango bugere kumazi kugirango bugere kumazi kugirango bugere kumazi kugirango bugere kumazi. kurwanya amazi. Nkuko insinga ya fibre optique igomba kwihanganira ibidukikije bitandukanye mugihe cyo gukora, kugerageza, gutwara, kubika no gukoresha, umugozi uhagarika amazi ugomba kuba ufite ibintu bikurikira ugomba gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya fibre optique:

1) Isura isukuye, ubunini bumwe hamwe nuburyo bworoshye;
2) Imbaraga runaka zubukanishi kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa kugirango uhagarike umugozi;
3) kubyimba byihuse, imiti ihamye neza nimbaraga nyinshi zo kwinjiza amazi no gukora gel;
4) Imiti myiza ihamye, nta bikoresho byangirika, birwanya bagiteri na mold;
5) Guhindura ubushyuhe bwiza, guhangana nikirere cyiza, guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya no gutanga umusaruro hamwe nibidukikije bitandukanye;
6) Guhuza neza nibindi bikoresho bya fibre optique.

3 Imyenda irwanya amazi mugukoresha fibre optique

3.1 Gukoresha imigozi irwanya amazi mumashanyarazi ya fibre optique

Uruganda rwa fibre optique rushobora gukoresha imiyoboro itandukanye mugikorwa cyo kubyara kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byabakoresha ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze nibisabwa nabakoresha:

1) Amazi maremare abuza icyuma cyo hanze hamwe nudodo two guhagarika amazi
Mu byuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma, icyuma cyo hanze kigomba kuba kidafite amazi maremare kugirango kirinde ubushuhe nubushuhe kwinjira mu mugozi cyangwa mu gasanduku gahuza. Kugirango ugere kuri bariyeri y'amazi maremare yicyatsi cyo hanze, hakoreshwa imipira ibiri ya barrière yamazi, imwe murimwe igashyirwa mu buryo buhuye n’umugozi w’imbere w’imbere, indi ikazengurutswe n’umugozi wa kaburimbo mu kibanza runaka (cm 8 kugeza kuri 15), igapfundikirwa kaseti y’ibyuma hamwe na PE (polyethylene), ku buryo umugozi w’amazi ugabanya icyuho kiri hagati y’umugozi n’icyuma gifunga icyuma. Inzitizi y'amazi izabyimba kandi ikore gel mugihe gito, irinde amazi kwinjira mumigozi no kugabanya amazi kubice bito hafi yikibanza, bityo bikagera ku ntego yo guhagarika amazi maremare, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1.

Igishushanyo 1: Ubusanzwe gukoresha amazi abuza umugozi muri optique

2) Amazi maremare ahagarika insinga ya kabili hamwe nudodo two guhagarika amaziIrashobora gukoreshwa mugice cya kabili yibice bibiri byumutwe woguhagarika amazi, imwe iri mumurongo wumugozi wicyuma gishimangira ibyuma, ukoresheje umugozi woguhagarika amazi, mubisanzwe umugozi uhagarika amazi hamwe ninsinga zicyuma zishyizwe hamwe, ikindi cyuma kibuza amazi mukibanza kinini kizengurutswe ninsinga zikomeye zifatanije nugukwirakwiza kwicyuma cyashyizwe hamwe; icya kabiri kiri hejuru yubusa, mbere yo gukanda icyatsi cyimbere, umugozi uhagarika amazi nkikariso ya karuvati, umugozi ibiri uhagarika amazi kugeza mukibanza gito (1 ~ 2cm) muburyo bunyuranye, ugakora uruzitiro ruto kandi ruto rufunga, kugirango wirinde kwinjira mumazi, bikozwe muburyo bwa "kabili yumye".

3.2 Guhitamo imigozi irwanya amazi

Kugirango tubone uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’amazi hamwe nuburyo bushimishije bwo gutunganya imashini mugikorwa cyo gukora insinga ya fibre optique, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa muguhitamo umugozi wo kurwanya amazi:

1) Ubunini bwimyenda ifunga amazi
Kugirango harebwe niba kwaguka kwifunga rufunga amazi bishobora kuziba icyuho kiri mu gice cyambukiranya umugozi, guhitamo ubunini bwurudodo rufunga amazi ni ngombwa, byanze bikunze, ibi bifitanye isano nubunini bwimiterere ya kabili hamwe nigipimo cyo kwaguka kwamazi abuza amazi. Muburyo bwa kabili bugomba kugabanya kubaho kwicyuho, nko gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwaguka kwifunga ryamazi, noneho diameter yumudozi uhagarika amazi irashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri ntoya, kugirango ubashe kubona imikorere yizewe yo guhagarika amazi, ariko kandi kugirango uzigame ibiciro.

2) Igipimo cyo kubyimba hamwe na gel imbaraga zamazi abuza amazi
IEC794-1-F5B ikizamini cyo kwinjira mumazi gikorerwa kumurongo wuzuye wa fibre optique. 1m yinkingi yamazi yongewe kuri 3m sample ya fibre optique, 24h nta kumeneka byujuje ibyangombwa. Niba igipimo cyo kubyimba cy’imyenda ifunga amazi kidahuye n’igipimo cyo kwinjira mu mazi, birashoboka ko amazi yanyuze mu cyitegererezo mu minota mike yo gutangira ikizamini kandi umugozi uhagarika amazi utarabyimba neza, nubwo nyuma yigihe runaka ubudodo bwo guhagarika amazi buzabyimba kandi bugahagarika amazi, ariko ibi nabyo birananirana. Niba umuvuduko wo kwaguka wihuse kandi imbaraga za gel ntizihagije, ntibihagije kurwanya umuvuduko ukomoka kumurongo wa 1m wamazi, kandi guhagarika amazi nabyo bizananirana.

3) Ubworoherane bwimyenda ifunga amazi
Nkuko ubworoherane bwimyenda ifunga amazi kumiterere ya mashini ya kabili, cyane cyane umuvuduko wuruhande, kurwanya ingaruka, nibindi, ingaruka ziragaragara cyane, ugomba rero kugerageza gukoresha umugozi woroshye wo guhagarika amazi.

4) Imbaraga zingana, kuramba hamwe nuburebure bwimyenda ifunga amazi
Mu musaruro wa buri cyuma cya kaburimbo, umugozi uhagarika amazi ugomba guhora kandi udahagarikwa, bisaba ko umugozi uhagarika amazi ugomba kugira imbaraga zingana no kuramba, kugirango harebwe niba umugozi uhagarika amazi udakururwa mugihe cyibikorwa, umugozi mugihe cyo kurambura, kunama, kugoreka amazi ntushobora kwangirika. Uburebure bw'imyenda ifunga amazi biterwa ahanini n'uburebure bw'umugozi wa kabili, kugirango ugabanye inshuro inshuro ihindurwa mu musaruro uhoraho, uburebure bw'ubudodo buhagarika amazi nibyiza.

5) Acide na alkaline yintambara ifunga amazi igomba kutagira aho ibogamiye, bitabaye ibyo umugozi uhagarika amazi uzitwara hamwe nibikoresho bya kabili kandi bigusha hydrogene.

6) Ihungabana ryimyenda ifunga amazi

Imbonerahamwe 2: Kugereranya imiterere yo guhagarika amazi yimyenda ifunga amazi nibindi bikoresho bifunga amazi

Gereranya ibintu	Jelly	Amazi ashyushye ashyushye impeta	Kaseti yo guhagarika amazi	Amazi yo guhagarika amazi
Kurwanya amazi	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza
Inzira	Biroroshye	Biragoye	Biragoye	Biroroshye
Ibikoresho bya mashini	Yujuje ibyangombwa	Yujuje ibyangombwa	Yujuje ibyangombwa	Yujuje ibyangombwa
Kwizerwa igihe kirekire	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza
Imbaraga zo guhuza	Neza	Nibyiza	Neza	Nibyiza
Ibyago byo guhuza	Yego	No	No	No
Ingaruka za Oxidation	Yego	No	No	No
Umuti	Yego	No	No	No
Misa kuri buri burebure bwa fibre optique	Biremereye	Umucyo	Biremereye	Umucyo
Ibikoresho bidakenewe	Birashoboka	No	No	No
Isuku mu musaruro	Abakene	Abakene benshi	Nibyiza	Nibyiza
Gukoresha ibikoresho	Ingoma zikomeye	Biroroshye	Biroroshye	Biroroshye
Ishoramari mu bikoresho	Kinini	Kinini	Kinini	Ntoya
Igiciro cyibikoresho	Hejuru	Hasi	Hejuru	Hasi
Ibiciro byumusaruro	Hejuru	Hejuru	Hejuru	Hasi

Ihungabana ryimyenda ifunga amazi bipimirwa cyane cyane nigihe gito gihamye nigihe kirekire. Ihungabana ryigihe gito rifatwa cyane cyane kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwigihe gito (ubushyuhe bwimyanya yubushyuhe bugera kuri 220 ~ 240 ° C) kumitambiko yamazi yamazi yamazi hamwe nubukanishi bwingaruka; ituze rirambye, cyane cyane urebye gusaza kwikigero cyamazi yo kwaguka kwaguka, umuvuduko wo kwaguka, imbaraga za gel hamwe no gutuza, imbaraga zingana no kuramba kwingaruka, umugozi wamazi wamazi ugomba kuba mubuzima bwa kabili (imyaka 20 ~ 30) ni ukurwanya amazi. Kimwe n'amavuta yo guhagarika amazi hamwe na kaseti ifunga amazi, imbaraga za gel hamwe no gutuza kwiziba ryamazi ni ikintu cyingenzi kiranga. Urudodo rufunga amazi rufite imbaraga nyinshi za gel hamwe nuguhagarara neza birashobora kugumana imiterere myiza yo guhagarika amazi mugihe kitari gito. Ibinyuranye na byo, ukurikije ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubudage bijyanye, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe mu bihe bya hydrolysis, gel izabora mu bikoresho bigendanwa cyane bya molekile bifite uburemere buke, kandi ntibizagera ku ntego yo kurwanya amazi igihe kirekire.

3.3 Gukoresha imipira ifunga amazi
Imyenda ifunga amazi nkibikoresho byiza bya optique yo guhagarika amazi, isimbuza paste yamavuta, impeta zishyushye zifata amazi zifunga amazi hamwe na kaseti ifunga amazi, nibindi bikoreshwa cyane mugukora insinga ya optique, Imbonerahamwe 2 kuri bimwe mubiranga ibyo bikoresho bifunga amazi kugirango ubigereranye.

4 Umwanzuro

Muri make, umugozi uhagarika amazi nigikoresho cyiza cyo guhagarika amazi kibereye umugozi wa optique, gifite ibiranga ubwubatsi bworoshye, imikorere yizewe, umusaruro mwinshi, byoroshye gukoresha; no gukoresha ibikoresho byuzuza umugozi wa optique bifite ibyiza byuburemere bworoshye, imikorere yizewe nigiciro gito.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2022