Guhagarika Amazi Yabyimbye Kubikoresho bya fibre optique

1 Intangiriro

Kugirango hafungwe igihe kirekire insinga za fibre optique no kwirinda ko amazi nubushuhe byinjira mumurongo wa kabili cyangwa aho bihurira no kwangiza ibyuma na fibre, bikaviramo kwangirika kwa hydrogène, kumeneka kwa fibre no kugabanuka gukabije kwimikorere y'amashanyarazi, uburyo bukurikira nuburyo bukurikira bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira amazi n’ubushuhe:

1) Kuzuza imbere yumugozi amavuta ya thixotropique, harimo ubwoko bwangiza amazi (hydrophobique), ubwoko bwo kubyimba amazi nubwoko bwo kwagura ubushyuhe nibindi. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho nibikoresho byamavuta, byuzuza umubare munini, igiciro cyinshi, byoroshye kwanduza ibidukikije, biragoye kubisukura (cyane cyane mugukata umugozi hamwe na solve kugirango bisukure), kandi uburemere bwumugozi buremereye cyane.

2) Mu cyuma cyimbere ninyuma hagati yo gukoresha impeta zishyushye zifata amazi ashyushye, ubu buryo ntabwo bukora neza, inzira igoye, gusa abayikora ni bake bashobora kubigeraho. 3) Gukoresha kwaguka byumye ibikoresho bifunga amazi (ifu yo kwagura amazi, ifata amazi, nibindi). Ubu buryo busaba ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, gukoresha ibikoresho, igiciro kinini, kwiyikorera-kabili nabyo biraremereye cyane. Mu myaka yashize, imiterere "yumye" yinjijwe mumurongo wa optique, kandi yakoreshejwe neza mumahanga, cyane cyane mugukemura ikibazo cyikibazo cyo kwikenura kiremereye hamwe no gutondeka bigoye kumubare munini wibikoresho bya optique bifite ibyiza bitagereranywa. Ibikoresho bifunga amazi bikoreshwa muriyi nsinga "yumye" ni umugozi uhagarika amazi. Urudodo rufunga amazi rushobora gukurura amazi vuba no kubyimba kugirango rukore gele, rugahagarika umwanya wumuyoboro wamazi wumugozi, bityo ukagera kumugambi wo guhagarika amazi. Byongeye kandi, umugozi uhagarika amazi urimo ibintu byamavuta kandi igihe gisabwa cyo gutegura ibice kirashobora kugabanuka cyane bitabaye ngombwa kohanagura, ibishishwa hamwe nisuku. Kugirango tubone inzira yoroshye, iyubakwa ryoroshye, imikorere yizewe hamwe nibikoresho bihenze byo guhagarika amazi, twateje imbere ubwoko bushya bwa kabili ya optique ya kaburimbo yamazi-ifunga-amazi-abuza imyenda.

2 Ihame ryo guhagarika amazi nibiranga amazi yo guhagarika amazi

Igikorwa cyo guhagarika amazi yimyenda ifunga amazi nugukoresha umubiri wingenzi wibibabi bifunga amazi kugirango ube umubyimba munini wa gel (kwinjiza amazi bishobora kugera ku ncuro icumi ubwinshi bwabyo, nko mumunota wambere wamazi irashobora kwagurwa byihuse kuva kuri 0. 5mm ikagera kuri 5. 0mm ya diametre), kandi ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi ya gel burakomeye cyane, birashobora gukumira neza imikurire yigiti cyamazi, bityo bikabuza amazi gukomeza kwinjira no gukwirakwira, kugeza kugera ku ntego yo kurwanya amazi. Nkuko insinga ya fibre optique igomba kwihanganira ibidukikije bitandukanye mugihe cyo gukora, kugerageza, gutwara, kubika no gukoresha, umugozi uhagarika amazi ugomba kuba ufite ibintu bikurikira ugomba gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya fibre optique:

1) Isura isukuye, ubunini bumwe hamwe nuburyo bworoshye;
2) Imbaraga runaka zubukanishi kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa kugirango uhagarike umugozi;
3) kubyimba byihuse, imiti ihamye neza nimbaraga nyinshi zo kwinjiza amazi no gukora gel;
4) Imiti myiza ihamye, nta bikoresho byangirika, birwanya bagiteri na mold;
5) Guhindura ubushyuhe bwiza, guhangana nikirere cyiza, guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya no gutanga umusaruro hamwe nibidukikije bitandukanye;
6) Guhuza neza nibindi bikoresho bya fibre optique.

3 Imyenda irwanya amazi mugukoresha fibre optique

3.1 Gukoresha imigozi irwanya amazi mumashanyarazi ya fibre optique

Uruganda rwa fibre optique rushobora gukoresha imiyoboro itandukanye mugikorwa cyo kubyara kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byabakoresha ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze nibisabwa nabakoresha:

1) Amazi maremare abuza icyuma cyo hanze hamwe nudodo two guhagarika amazi
Mu byuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma, icyuma cyo hanze kigomba kuba kidafite amazi maremare kugirango kirinde ubushuhe nubushuhe kwinjira mu mugozi cyangwa mu gasanduku gahuza. Kugirango ugere kuri bariyeri y'amazi maremare yicyatsi cyo hanze, hakoreshwa imigozi ibiri ya barrière yamazi, imwe murimwe igashyirwa hamwe nigitereko cyimbere cyimbere, ikindi ikazenguruka umugozi wa kabili mukibuga runaka (8 kugeza 15 cm), itwikiriwe na kaseti y'ibyuma hamwe na PE (polyethylene), ku buryo umugozi wa barrière y'amazi ugabanya ikinyuranyo hagati ya kabili na kaseti mucyumba gito gifunze. Inzitizi y'amazi izabyimba kandi ikore gel mugihe gito, irinde amazi kwinjira mumugozi no kugabanya amazi kubice bito hafi yikibanza, bityo bikagera ku ntego ya bariyeri y'amazi maremare, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1 .

Igishushanyo 1: Ubusanzwe gukoresha amazi abuza umugozi muri optique

2) Amazi maremare ahagarika insinga ya kabili hamwe nudodo two guhagarika amaziIrashobora gukoreshwa mugice cya kabili yibice bibiri byumutwe uhagarika amazi, imwe iri mumurongo wumugozi wicyuma gishimangira ibyuma, ukoresheje umugozi ibiri uhagarika amazi, mubisanzwe umugozi uhagarika amazi hamwe nicyuma cyuma gishyizwe muburinganire, urundi rudodo rufunga amazi mukibanza kinini kizengurutse insinga, hari kandi nudodo tubiri tubuza amazi hamwe nicyuma gishimangira ibyuma gishyizwe hamwe, gukoresha umugozi uhagarika amazi wubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwagura amazi; icya kabiri kiri hejuru yubusa, mbere yo kunyunyuza icyatsi cyimbere, umugozi uhagarika amazi nkikariso ya karuvati, imyenda ibiri ifunga amazi mukibanza gito (1 ~ 2cm) muburyo butandukanye hirya no hino, ikora ubucucike kandi buto guhagarika bin, kugirango wirinde kwinjiza amazi, bikozwe muburyo bwa "kabili yumye".

3.2 Guhitamo imigozi irwanya amazi

Kugirango tubone uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’amazi hamwe nuburyo bushimishije bwo gutunganya imashini mugikorwa cyo gukora insinga ya fibre optique, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa muguhitamo umugozi wo kurwanya amazi:

1) Ubunini bwimyenda ifunga amazi
Kugirango harebwe niba kwaguka kwifunga ryamazi bishobora kuziba icyuho cyambukiranya umugozi, guhitamo ubunini bwurudodo rufunga amazi ni ngombwa, byanze bikunze, ibi bijyanye nubunini bwubatswe ya kabili nigipimo cyo kwaguka kwamazi abuza amazi. Muburyo bwa kabili bugomba kugabanya kubaho icyuho, nko gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwaguka kwifunga amazi, hanyuma diameter yumudozi uhagarika amazi irashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri ntoya, kugirango ubone amazi yizewe- guhagarika imikorere, ariko kandi kugirango uzigame ibiciro.

2) Igipimo cyo kubyimba hamwe na gel imbaraga zamazi abuza amazi
IEC794-1-F5B ikizamini cyo kwinjira mumazi gikorerwa kumurongo wuzuye wa fibre optique. 1m yinkingi yamazi yongewe kuri 3m sample ya fibre optique, 24h nta kumeneka byujuje ibyangombwa. Niba igipimo cyo kubyimba cy’imyenda ifunga amazi kidahuye n’igipimo cy’amazi yinjira, birashoboka ko amazi yanyuze mu cyitegererezo mu minota mike yo gutangira ikizamini kandi umugozi uhagarika amazi ukaba utaruzura neza kubyimba, nubwo nyuma yigihe runaka umugozi uhagarika amazi uzabyimba rwose kandi uhagarike amazi, ariko ibi nabyo birananirana. Niba umuvuduko wo kwaguka wihuse kandi imbaraga za gel ntizihagije, ntibihagije kurwanya umuvuduko ukomoka kumurongo wa 1m wamazi, kandi guhagarika amazi nabyo bizananirana.

3) Ubworoherane bwimyenda ifunga amazi
Nkuko ubworoherane bwimyenda ifunga amazi kumiterere ya mashini ya kabili, cyane cyane umuvuduko wuruhande, kurwanya ingaruka, nibindi, ingaruka ziragaragara cyane, ugomba rero kugerageza gukoresha umugozi woroshye wo guhagarika amazi.

4) Imbaraga zingana, kuramba hamwe nuburebure bwimyenda ifunga amazi
Mu musaruro wa buri cyuma cya kaburimbo, umugozi uhagarika amazi ugomba guhora kandi udahagarikwa, bisaba ko umugozi uhagarika amazi ugomba kugira imbaraga zingana no kuramba, kugirango harebwe niba umugozi uhagarika amazi udakururwa mugihe cyo gukora inzira, umugozi mugihe cyo kurambura, kunama, kugoreka umugozi uhagarika amazi ntabwo wangiritse. Uburebure bw'imyenda ifunga amazi biterwa ahanini n'uburebure bw'umugozi wa kabili, kugirango ugabanye inshuro inshuro ihindurwa mu musaruro uhoraho, uburebure bw'ubudodo buhagarika amazi nibyiza.

5) Acide na alkaline yintambara ifunga amazi igomba kutagira aho ibogamiye, bitabaye ibyo umugozi uhagarika amazi uzitwara hamwe nibikoresho bya kabili kandi bigusha hydrogene.

6) Ihungabana ryimyenda ifunga amazi

Imbonerahamwe 2: Kugereranya imiterere yo guhagarika amazi yimyenda ifunga amazi nibindi bikoresho bifunga amazi

Gereranya ibintu	Jelly	Amazi ashyushye ashyushye impeta	Kaseti yo guhagarika amazi	Amazi yo guhagarika amazi
Kurwanya amazi	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza
Inzira	Biroroshye	Biragoye	Biragoye	Biroroshye
Ibikoresho bya mashini	Yujuje ibyangombwa	Yujuje ibyangombwa	Yujuje ibyangombwa	Yujuje ibyangombwa
Kwizerwa igihe kirekire	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza	Nibyiza
Imbaraga zo guhuza	Neza	Nibyiza	Neza	Nibyiza
Ibyago byo guhuza	Yego	No	No	No
Ingaruka za Oxidation	Yego	No	No	No
Umuti	Yego	No	No	No
Misa kuri buri burebure bwa fibre optique	Biremereye	Umucyo	Biremereye	Umucyo
Ibikoresho bidakenewe	Birashoboka	No	No	No
Isuku mu musaruro	Abakene	Abakene benshi	Nibyiza	Nibyiza
Gukoresha ibikoresho	Ingoma zikomeye	Biroroshye	Biroroshye	Biroroshye
Ishoramari mu bikoresho	Kinini	Kinini	Kinini	Ntoya
Igiciro cyibikoresho	Hejuru	Hasi	Hejuru	Hasi
Ibiciro byumusaruro	Hejuru	Hejuru	Hejuru	Hasi

Ihungabana ryimyenda ifunga amazi bipimirwa cyane cyane nigihe gito gihamye nigihe kirekire. Ihungabana ryigihe gito rifatwa cyane cyane kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwigihe gito (ubushyuhe bwimyanya yubushyuhe bugera kuri 220 ~ 240 ° C) kumitambiko yamazi yamazi yamazi hamwe nubukanishi bwingaruka; ituze rirambye, cyane cyane urebye gusaza kwaguka kwinzitizi yamazi yo kwaguka, umuvuduko wo kwaguka, imbaraga za gel hamwe no gutuza, imbaraga zingana no kuramba kwingaruka, umugozi wamazi wamazi ugomba kuba mubuzima bwa kabili (20 ~ 30) ni Kurwanya Amazi. Kimwe n'amavuta yo guhagarika amazi hamwe na kaseti ifunga amazi, imbaraga za gel hamwe no gutuza kwiziba ryamazi ni ikintu cyingenzi kiranga. Urudodo rufunga amazi rufite imbaraga nyinshi za gel hamwe nuguhagarara neza birashobora kugumana imiterere myiza yo guhagarika amazi mugihe kitari gito. Ibinyuranye na byo, ukurikije ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubudage bijyanye, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe mu bihe bya hydrolysis, gel izabora mu bikoresho bigendanwa cyane bya molekile bifite uburemere buke, kandi ntibizagera ku ntego yo kurwanya amazi igihe kirekire.

3.3 Gukoresha imipira ifunga amazi
Imyenda ifunga amazi nkibikoresho byiza bya optique yo guhagarika amazi, isimbuza amavuta yamavuta, impeta zishyushye zifata amazi zifunga amazi hamwe na kaseti ifunga amazi, nibindi bikoreshwa cyane mugukora insinga ya optique, Imbonerahamwe 2 kuri bamwe biranga ibyo bikoresho bifunga amazi yo kugereranya.

4 Umwanzuro

Muri make, umugozi uhagarika amazi nigikoresho cyiza cyo guhagarika amazi kibereye umugozi wa optique, gifite ibiranga ubwubatsi bworoshye, imikorere yizewe, umusaruro mwinshi, byoroshye gukoresha; no gukoresha ibikoresho byuzuza umugozi wa optique bifite ibyiza byuburemere bworoshye, imikorere yizewe nigiciro gito.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2022