(1)Ibikoresho byo gukingira umwotsi muto udafite halojeni (XLPE):
Ibikoresho byo gukingira bya XLPE bikorwa hifashishijwe polyethylene (PE) na ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) nk'igice cy'ibanze, hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye nka halogen-free flame retardants, amavuta, antioxydants, nibindi, binyuze mu buryo bwo guhuzwa no gucukurwa. Nyuma yo gutunganya imirasire, PE ihinduka kuva ku miterere ya molekile igororotse ikajya ku miterere itatu, ihinduka kuva ku miterere ya thermoplastic ikajya kuri thermosetting idashobora gushonga.
Insinga zo gukingira za XLPE zifite ibyiza byinshi ugereranije na PE isanzwe ya thermoplastic:
1. Kurushaho kurwanya ubushyuhe, kongera imiterere y'imashini mu bushyuhe bwinshi, no kongera kurwanya ibidukikije no gusaza ubushyuhe.
2. Kongera ubushobozi bwo kudahindagurika kw'imiti no kudakoresha imiti ihumanya ikirere, kugabanya ubukonje, no kugumana imikorere y'amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe bw'igihe kirekire bushobora kugera kuri 125°C kugeza 150°C. Nyuma yo gutunganya ibyuma bihuza, ubushyuhe bwa PE bushobora kwiyongera bukagera kuri 250°C, bigatuma habaho ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro bwinshi cyane ku nsinga zifite ubunini bumwe.
3. Insinga zishyirwamo ubushyuhe bwa XLPE nazo zigaragaza ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwirinda imirasire, amazi n'imirasire, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, nko mu nsinga z'imbere mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi, insinga za moteri, insinga z'amatara, insinga zigenzura ibimenyetso by'imodoka bifite voltage nkeya, insinga za gari ya moshi, insinga zo munsi y'ubutaka, insinga z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro zitangiza ibidukikije, insinga z'amato, insinga za 1E-grade zo ku nganda z'amashanyarazi za kirimbuzi, insinga za pompe zishobora kurohama, n'insinga zohereza amashanyarazi.
Ibyerekezo bigezweho mu iterambere ry’ibikoresho byo gukingira bya XLPE birimo ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga z’amashanyarazi bya PE bihujwe n’imirasire, ibikoresho byo gukingira ikirere bya PE bihujwe n’imirasire, n’ibikoresho byo gukingira imirasire bya polyolefin bihujwe n’imirasire.
(2)Ibikoresho byo gukingira polipropileni ihuza amoko atandukanye (XL-PP):
Polypropylene (PP), nk'ipulasitiki isanzwe, ifite imiterere nk'uburemere bworoheje, ibikoresho byinshi fatizo, ihendutse ku giciro, irwanya ingese mu buryo bwiza, yoroshye kuyibumba no kongera kuyikoresha. Ariko, ifite imbogamizi nko kuba ifite imbaraga nke, irwanya ubushyuhe buke, ihindagurika cyane, irwanya gucikagurika nabi, idashobora kwangirika neza mu bushyuhe buke, kandi idashobora kwangirika neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe na ogisijeni. Izi mbogamizi zagabanyije ikoreshwa ryayo mu mikoreshereze y'insinga. Abashakashatsi bagiye bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bahindure ibikoresho bya polypropylene kugira ngo banoze imikorere yabyo muri rusange, kandi imirasire ya polypropylene yahinduwe (XL-PP) yatsinze neza izi mbogamizi.
Insinga zishyushye za XL-PP zishobora kuzuza ibipimo by'umuriro wa UL VW-1 ndetse n'ibipimo by'insinga za UL-150°C. Mu mikoreshereze y'insinga, EVA ikunze kuvangwa na PE, PVC, PP, n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo ihindure imikorere y'urwego rw'insinga zishyushye.
Imwe mu mbogamizi zo gukoresha imirasire ya PP ihuza ibidukikije ni uko ikoresha uburyo bwo guhangana hagati yo gushinga amatsinda y’inyuma adafite amazi binyuze mu gukora ibikorwa byo kwangirika no gukora ibikorwa byo guhuza hagati y’ama-molecule ashishikajwe n’ibintu binini bya molecule bidafite ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko igipimo cyo kwangirika n’ibikorwa byo guhuza ibidukikije muri PP ihuza ibidukikije ari hafi 0.8 iyo hakoreshejwe imirasire ya gamma. Kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibidukikije muri PP, hagomba kongerwamo ibikoresho byo guhuza ibidukikije kugira ngo imirasire ihuze. Byongeye kandi, ubugari bwiza bwo guhuza ibidukikije bugengwa n’ubushobozi bwo kwinjira bw’imirasire ya electron mu gihe cyo gushyiraho imirasire. Imirasire ituma habaho ikorwa rya gaze n’ifuro, ibyo bikaba ari ingirakamaro mu guhuza ibicuruzwa bito ariko bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’insinga nini.
(3) Ibikoresho byo gukingira amashanyarazi bya Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (XL-EVA) bifitanye isano:
Uko icyifuzo cy’umutekano w’insinga kigenda cyiyongera, iterambere ry’insinga zidafite umuriro zidafite halogen ryiyongereye cyane. Ugereranyije na PE, EVA, yinjiza monomeri za vinyl acetate mu muyoboro wa molekile, ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushushanya, bigatuma habaho ubwisanzure, kudakora neza, guhuza neza n’ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, imiterere ya resin ya EVA iterwa n’ingano ya monomeri za vinyl acetate mu muyoboro wa molekile. Ingano nyinshi ya acetate ya vinyl ituma habaho ubwisanzure, ubwisanzure, no gukomera. Resin ya EVA ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhuza neza n’ubwuzuzanye, bigatuma irushaho gukundwa mu nsinga zidafite umuriro zidafite halogen.
Resin ya EVA ifite acetate ya vinyl iri hagati ya 12% na 24% ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukingira insinga n'insinga. Mu mikoreshereze nyayo y'insinga, EVA ikunze kuvangwa na PE, PVC, PP, n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo ihindure imikorere y'urwego rwo gukingira insinga. Ibice bya EVA bishobora guteza imbere guhuza insinga, bikanoza imikorere y'insinga nyuma yo guhuza insinga.
(4) Ibikoresho byo gukingira amashanyarazi bya Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (XL-EPDM) bifitanye isano:
XL-EPDM ni terpolymer igizwe na ethylene, propylene, na diene monomers zitarimo conjugated, zihujwe binyuze mu mirasire. Insinga za XL-EPDM zihuza ibyiza by'insinga zifungishwa polyolefin n'insinga zisanzwe zifungishwa rubber:
1. Gukomera, kwihangana, kudafata ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kudasaza igihe kirekire, no guhangana n'ikirere kibi (-60°C kugeza 125°C).
2. Ubudahangarwa bwa ozone, Ubudahangarwa bwa UV, imikorere y'amashanyarazi mu gukingira, no kudahangarwa n'uburozi bwa shimi.
3. Kurwanya amavuta n'ibintu bishongesha nk'uko bikoreshwa muri rusange mu gukingira icyuma gikoresha chloroprene rubber. Bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gutunganya extrusion ishyushye, bigatuma bihendutse.
Insinga zishyirwamo ubushyuhe bwa XL-EPDM zifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, harimo insinga z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ingufu nke, insinga z'amato, insinga z'imodoka zicana, insinga zigenzura ibyuma bikonjesha, insinga zigendanwa zicukurwa, ibikoresho byo gucukura, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.
Ingaruka mbi z'ingenzi z'insinga za XL-EPDM zirimo kudakora neza kw'imitsi no kudakora neza kw'imitsi ndetse no kwifata ku giti cyayo, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku mikorere yabyo nyuma yo kuyitunganya.
(5) Ibikoresho byo gukingira icyuma cya silikoni
Rubber ya silikoni ifite ubushobozi bwo koroha no kurwanya ozone, isohoka rya corona, n'umuriro, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza byo gushyiramo amashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa ryayo ry'ibanze mu nganda z'amashanyarazi ni insinga n'insinga. Insinga n'insinga za silikoni zikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa ahantu hashyuha cyane kandi hasaba imbaraga nyinshi, kandi zimara igihe kirekire cyane ugereranije n'insinga zisanzwe. Ikoreshwa risanzwe ririmo moteri zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, transformateur, moteri zitanga moteri, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi, insinga z'umuriro mu modoka zitwara abantu, n'insinga zikoresha ingufu n'ubugenzuzi mu mazi.
Muri iki gihe, insinga za silicone zishyirwamo icyuma gishyushya ubusanzwe zihuzwa hakoreshejwe umuvuduko w’ikirere hamwe n’umwuka ushyushye cyangwa umwuka ushyushye cyane. Hari kandi ubushakashatsi bukomeje ku ikoreshwa ry’imirasire ya electron beam mu gukwirakwiza icyuma gishyushya, nubwo bitaramenyekana cyane mu nganda z’insinga. Bitewe n’iterambere riherutse mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza icyuma gishyushya, itanga ubundi buryo buhendutse, bwiza kandi butangiza ibidukikije bwo gukwirakwiza icyuma gishyushya. Binyuze mu gukwirakwiza icyuma gishyushya cyangwa izindi ngaruka z’imirasire, gukwirakwiza neza icyuma gishyushya icyuma gishyushya icyuma bishobora kugerwaho mu gihe hagenzurwa uburebure n’ingano y’icyuma gishyushya kugira ngo bihuze n’ibisabwa byihariye.
Bityo, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza imirasire mu bikoresho byo gukingira imirasire ya silicone rifite icyizere gikomeye mu nganda z'insinga n'insinga. Iri koranabuhanga ryitezweho kugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro, no kugira uruhare mu kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza bishobora gutuma ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza imirasire mu bikoresho byo gukingira imirasire ya silicone, bigatuma bikoreshwa cyane mu gukora insinga n'insinga zishyuha cyane kandi zikora neza mu nganda z'amashanyarazi. Ibi bizatanga ibisubizo byizewe kandi biramba ku bice bitandukanye bikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Nzeri 2023