Insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu nzu zikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye nko mu nyubako n'imiterere y'aho zishyirwa, imiterere y'insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu nzu yarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi n'insinga biratandukanye, hamwe n'imiterere y'imashini n'iy'amashanyarazi bigaragazwa mu buryo butandukanye. Insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu nzu zisanzwe zirimo insinga z'ishami rimwe, insinga zitari zifatanye, n'insinga zifatanye. Uyu munsi, ONE WORLD izibanda kuri bumwe mu bwoko busanzwe bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi zifatanye: GJFJV.
Insinga y'Imbere ya GJFJV
1. Imiterere y'imiterere
Icyitegererezo gisanzwe cy’insinga z’amashanyarazi zo mu nzu ni GJFJV.
GJ — Insinga y'itumanaho yo mu nzu
F — Igice cyongera imbaraga kitari icyuma
J — Imiterere ya fibre optique ifatanye neza
V — Agapfunyika ka Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Icyitonderwa: Ku bijyanye no kwita ibikoresho by'icyuma, "H" isobanura icyuma kidakoresha umwotsi mwinshi, naho "U" isobanura icyuma cya polyurethane.
2. Ishusho y'Insinga z'Imbere mu Gice cy'Ikoranabuhanga
Ibikoresho n'Ibiranga Imiterere
1. Fibre y'urumuri itwikiriwe (igizwe na fibre y'urumuri n'urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutwikirirwa)
Fibre optique ikozwe mu bikoresho bya silica, kandi umurambararo usanzwe wo gupfuka ni μm 125. Umurambararo w'ibanze wa mode imwe (B1.3) ni μm 8.6-9.5, naho kuri mode nyinshi (OM1 A1b) ni μm 62.5. Umurambararo w'ibanze wa OM2 ifite mode nyinshi (A1a.1), OM3 (A1a.2), OM4 (A1a.3), na OM5 (A1a.4) ni μm 50.
Mu gihe cyo gushushanya fibre y'ikirahure, hakoreshwa urwego rw'ipamba rya elastic hakoreshejwe urumuri rwa ultraviolet kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'umukungugu. Iri pamba rikozwe mu bikoresho nka acrylate, silicone rubber, na nylon.
Akamaro k'ipfundikizo ni ukurinda ubuso bwa fibre optique ubushuhe, gaze, n'uburyo bwo gushwanyagurika, no kongera imikorere ya fibre, bityo bikagabanya igihombo cy'inyongera cyo gushwanyagurika.
Irangi rishobora gusigwa irangi mu gihe cyo kurikoresha, kandi amabara agomba kuba ahuye na GB/T 6995.2 (Ubururu, Umuhondo, Icyatsi kibisi, Umukara, Ikijuju, Umweru, Umutuku, Umukara, Umuhondo, Umuhengeri, Umutuku, cyangwa Icyatsi kibisi cya Cyan). Rishobora kandi kuguma ridafite irangi nk'iry'umwimerere.
2. Urupapuro rw'ingenzi rw'ikirango
Ibikoresho: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) irinda ibidukikije, irinda umuriro,polyolefini idafite umwotsi mwinshi wa halogen (LSZH), insinga irinda umuriro ifite agaciro ka OFNR, insinga irinda umuriro ifite agaciro ka OFNP.
Imikorere: Irinda cyane imigozi y'urumuri, ikanatuma ihuzwa n'imiterere itandukanye yo kuyishyiraho. Itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe, gukandamizwa no kunama, kandi inatanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amazi n'ubushuhe.
Ikoreshwa: Urupapuro rufunganye rushobora gushyirwaho ibara ry’amabara kugira ngo rumenyekane, hamwe n’amabara y’amabara ahuye n’amahame ya GB/T 6995.2. Ku bijyanye n’amabara adasanzwe, impeta z’amabara cyangwa utudomo bishobora gukoreshwa.
3. Ibice bikomeza imbaraga
Ibikoresho:Ubudodo bwa Aramid, cyane cyane poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), ubwoko bushya bwa fibre ikoze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ifite imiterere myiza nko gukomera cyane, modulus nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya aside na alkali, yoroheje, irinda ubushyuhe, kurwanya gusaza, no kuramba igihe kirekire. Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, igumana ubuziranenge, ifite umuvuduko muto cyane wo kugabanuka, igenda gahoro cyane, kandi ikagira ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guhindura ikirahuri. Inatanga kandi ubudahangarwa bwinshi bwo kwangirika no kudatwara amashanyarazi, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza byo gushyigikira insinga z'amashanyarazi.
Imikorere: Ubudodo bwa Aramid buzunguruka neza cyangwa bushyirwa mu gitereko cy'insinga kugira ngo butange inkunga, byongera imbaraga zabwo zo gukurura no guhangana n'umuvuduko, imbaraga za mekanike, ubushyuhe buhamye, ndetse n'ubudahangarwa bwa shimi.
Izi miterere zituma insinga zikora neza kandi zigahoraho. Aramid ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora amakoti adapfa amasasu na parachuti bitewe n'imbaraga zayo zo gukurura.
4. Urupfu rwo hanze
Ibikoresho: Polyolefini idakoresha umuriro cyane (LSZH), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cyangwa insinga zidakoresha umuriro nyinshi zikoresha umuriro mu rwego rwa OFNR/OFNP. Ibindi bikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Polyolefini idakoresha umuriro cyane igomba kubahiriza amahame ya YD/T1113; polyvinyl chloride igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya GB/T8815-2008 ku bikoresho byoroshye bya PVC; polyurethane ya thermoplastic igomba kubahiriza amahame ya YD/T3431-2018 ku bikoresho bya thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers.
Imikorere: Agakoresho ko hanze gatanga uburinzi bw'insinga z'urumuri, bigatuma zishobora kwihuza n'ahantu hatandukanye ho gushyirwa. Gatanga kandi uburinzi ku gukandagira, gukandagira no kunama, mu gihe gatanga uburinzi ku mazi no ku bushuhe. Ku bijyanye n'umutekano mwinshi w'umuriro, ibikoresho bike bidafite halogen bikoreshwa mu kunoza umutekano w'insinga, birinda abakozi imyuka mibi, umwotsi n'inkongi mu gihe habaye inkongi.
Ikoreshwa: Ibara ry'agace k'umugozi rigomba guhuza n'amahame ya GB/T 6995.2. Niba fibre optique ari ubwoko bwa B1.3, agace k'umugozi kagomba kuba umuhondo; ku bwoko bwa B6, agace k'umuhondo cyangwa icyatsi kibisi; ku bwoko bwa AIa.1, kagomba kuba umuhondo; ubwoko bwa AIb bugomba kuba imvi; ubwoko bwa A1a.2 bugomba kuba icyatsi kibisi cya cyan; naho ubwoko bwa A1a.3 bugomba kuba umuhengeri.
Ingero z'Ikoreshwa
1. Ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu z'itumanaho imbere mu nyubako, nko mu biro, mu bitaro, mu mashuri, mu nyubako z'imari, mu maduka, mu bigo by'amakuru, n'ibindi. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza ibikoresho biri mu byumba bya seriveri no guhuza itumanaho n'abakozi bo hanze. Byongeye kandi, insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu nzu zishobora gukoreshwa mu nsinga z'itumanaho ryo mu rugo, nka LAN na sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga zo mu rugo.
2. Imikoreshereze: Insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu nzu ni nto, zoroshye, zigabanya umwanya, kandi zoroshye gushyiraho no kubungabunga. Abakoresha bashobora guhitamo ubwoko butandukanye bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi zo mu nzu bitewe n'ibikenewe mu gace runaka.
Mu mazu asanzwe cyangwa mu biro, insinga zisanzwe za PVC zo mu nzu zishobora gukoreshwa.
Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bya GB/T 51348-2019:
①. Inyubako za leta zifite uburebure bwa metero 100 cyangwa zirenga;
②. Inyubako za leta zifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 50 na metero 100 n'ubuso burenga 100.000㎡;
③. Ibigo by'amakuru bifite amanota ya B cyangwa hejuru yayo;
Izi nsinga zigomba gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi zirinda umuriro zifite igipimo cy'umuriro kitari munsi y'icyiciro cya B1 kidakoresha umwotsi mwinshi, kandi kidafite halogen.
Mu gipimo cya UL1651 muri Amerika, ubwoko bw'insinga zirinda umuriro cyane ni insinga ya optique ifite agaciro ka OFNP, yagenewe kuzimya ubwayo muri metero 5 iyo ihuye n'umuriro. Byongeye kandi, ntirekura umwotsi cyangwa umwuka w'uburozi, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'umwuka cyangwa sisitemu y'umuvuduko usubiza umwuka ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya HVAC.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-20-2025