Insinga zikingira ni iki kandi kuki urwego rwo kuzikingira ari ingenzi cyane?

Insinga irinzwe, nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ni insinga ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amashanyarazi yo hanze yakozwe mu buryo bw'insinga yo kohereza ubutumwa ifite urwego rwo kuyikingira. Icyo bita "gukingira" ku miterere y'insinga ni uburyo bwo kunoza ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi. Umuyoboro w'insinga ugizwe n'imigozi myinshi y'insinga, byoroshye gukora icyuho cy'umwuka hagati yayo n'urwego rwo kuyikingira, kandi ubuso bw'umuyoboro ntibuba bworoshye, ibyo bigatuma amashanyarazi yiyongera cyane.

1.Urutonde rw'insinga
(1). Shyiramo urwego rwo kurinda rw'ibikoresho bitwara amazi ku buso bwa conductor, rufite ubushobozi bwo guhuza na conductor ifite uburinzi kandi rukorana neza n'urwego rwo kurinda amazi, kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cy'amazi gisohoka hagati ya conductor n'urwego rwo kurinda amazi. Uru rwego rwo kurinda amazi ruzwi kandi nk'urwego rwo kurinda amazi imbere. Hashobora kandi kuba hari icyuho mu guhuza ubuso bwo kurinda amazi n'agace k'icyuma, kandi iyo insinga igonze, ubuso bwo kurinda amazi bw'urupapuro rw'amavuta bworoshye gutera imishwanyagurike, ari byo bintu bitera igice cy'amazi gusohoka.

(2). Shyiramo urwego rwo kurinda rw'ibikoresho bitwara umwuka ku buso bw'urwego rwo kurinda, rufite ubushobozi bungana n'urwego rwo kurinda umuriro kandi rufite ubushobozi bungana n'urwego rw'icyuma, kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cy'amazi gisohoka hagati y'urwego rwo kurinda umuriro n'urukuta.

Kugira ngo insinga z'amashanyarazi zigende neza kandi zishyire ubushyuhe ku butaka bw'amashanyarazi, insinga z'amashanyarazi za 6kV n'izirenzeho ingufu ziciriritse n'izikomeye muri rusange zifite urwego rw'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi n'urwego rw'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi, kandi zimwe mu nsinga zifite ingufu nke nta nsinga zifite urwego rw'uburinzi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'urwego rw'uburinzi: uburinzi butwara umuriro w'amashanyarazi n'uburinzi bw'icyuma.

2. Insinga irinzwe
Urusobe rw'insinga rushyirwa ahanini mu muyoboro w'insinga z'icyuma cyangwa firime y'icyuma, kandi hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukingira kimwe no gukingira inshuro nyinshi. Ishami rimwe risobanura firime imwe y'uburinzi cyangwa firime y'uburinzi, ishobora gupfunyika insinga imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Uburyo bwo gukingira inshuro nyinshi ni imiyoboro myinshi y'uburinzi, kandi firime y'uburinzi iri mu muyoboro umwe. Zimwe zikoreshwa mu gutandukanya uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki hagati y'insinga, izindi zikaba ari uburinzi bw'ibice bibiri bukoreshwa mu gushimangira ingaruka z'uburinzi. Uburyo bwo gukingira ni ugutera uburinzi hasi kugira ngo hakurwemo ingufu z'uburinzi bw'insinga zo hanze.

(1). Ingabo irinda amashanyarazi
Ubusanzwe urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi rushyirwa ku buso bw'inyuma bw'insinga zitwara umuriro n'inyuma y'urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi, rwitwa urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi rw'imbere n'urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi rw'inyuma. Urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi rw'imbere rugizwe n'ibikoresho bitwara umuriro bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda amashanyarazi n'ubugari buto. Urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi rw'imbere rugizwe n'ibikoresho bitwara umuriro bihuza amashanyarazi ku buso bw'inyuma bw'urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi no kwirinda ko amashanyarazi asohoka igice bitewe n'ubuso butaringaniye bw'urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi n'icyuho cy'umwuka giterwa n'icyuho cy'umwuka giterwa n'icyuho cy'umwuka giterwa n'insinga zihambiriye. Urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi rw'inyuma rukorana neza n'inyuma y'urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi, kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ko amashanyarazi asohoka igice kimwe n'icyuma gitwara umuriro bitewe n'inenge nk'icyuho ku buso bwo kurinda amashanyarazi.

(2). Ingabo y'icyuma
Ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi ziciriritse n'izidafite icyuma gikingira, uretse gushyiraho urwego rw'uburinzi butwara amashanyarazi, ariko nanone ongeramo urwego rw'uburinzi bw'icyuma. Ubusanzwe urwego rw'uburinzi bw'icyuma rupfundikirwa nakaseti y'umuringacyangwa insinga z'umuringa, ahanini zigira uruhare mu kurinda amashanyarazi.

Kubera ko umuriro unyura mu mugozi w'amashanyarazi ari munini ugereranije, imbaraga rukuruzi zizakorwa zikikije umuriro, kugira ngo zidakora ku bindi bice, bityo urwego rwo kurinda rushobora kurinda uyu murima wa electromagnetic uri mu mugozi. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwo kurinda insinga rushobora kugira uruhare runaka mu kurinda ubutaka. Iyo insinga yangiritse, umuriro wavuyemo ushobora gutembera mu nzira yo kurinda, nk'umuyoboro w'ubutaka, kugira ngo ugire uruhare mu kurinda umutekano. Bigaragara ko uruhare rw'urwego rwo kurinda insinga rukiri runini cyane.