Ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa mu nsinga n'insinga zirinda umuriro?

Insinga igabanya umuriro, yerekeza ku nsinga ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya umuriro, muri rusange mu gihe cy'igeragezwa, nyuma y'uko insinga itwitswe, niba umuriro uhagaritswe, umuriro uzagenzurwa mu rugero runaka, ntukwirakwira, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro kandi ukabuza imikorere y'umwotsi w'uburozi. Insinga igabanya umuriro nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'umutekano w'amashanyarazi, guhitamo ibikoresho byayo ni ingenzi, isoko ry'ubu ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa birimoPVC, XLPE, ibikoresho byo gukingira ibyuma bya silikoni n'iby'ubutare.

Guhitamo insinga zigabanya umuriro n'ibikoresho by'insinga

Uko igipimo cya ogisijeni cy’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu nsinga igabanya umuriro kirushaho kuba kinini, ni ko imikorere ya ogisijeni igabanya umuriro irushaho kuba myiza, ariko uko igipimo cya ogisijeni cyiyongera, ni ngombwa gutakaza indi miterere. Iyo imiterere n’imikorere y’ibikoresho bigabanuka, imikorere igorana, kandi ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho kikiyongera, bityo bikaba ngombwa guhitamo igipimo cya ogisijeni mu buryo bukwiye kandi bukwiye, igipimo cya ogisijeni cy’ibikoresho rusange bikingira umuriro kigera kuri 30, ibicuruzwa bishobora gutsinda ibisabwa mu igeragezwa rya C mu rwego rusanzwe, niba ibikoresho byo gupfuka no kuzuza ari ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro, ibicuruzwa bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya B na A. Insinga n’ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro bigabanyijemo ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro bya halogen n’ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro bidafite halogen;

1. Ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro bya Halogen

Bitewe no kubora no kurekura kwa hydrogen halide iyo umuriro ushyushye, hydrogen halide ishobora gufata umuzi wa H2O urimo radical yigenga, bityo umuriro ugatinda cyangwa uzimye kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo kudakoresha umuriro. Ibikunze gukoreshwa ni polyvinyl chloride, neoprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rubber n'ibindi bikoresho.

(1) Polyvinyl chloride igabanya umuriro (PVC): Bitewe n'igiciro gito cya PVC, ubushyuhe bwiza n'ubushyuhe butuma umuriro ugabanuka, ikoreshwa cyane mu nsinga zisanzwe zigabanya umuriro n'insinga. Kugira ngo PVC irusheho kugabanya umuriro, halogen fire retardants (decabromodiphenyl ethers), parafini zirimo chlorine n'ibigabanya umuriro bigabanya umuriro bikunze kongerwa muri formula kugira ngo PVC irusheho kugabanya umuriro.

Rubber ya ethylene propylene (EPDM): hydrocarbons zitari polar, zifite imiterere myiza y'amashanyarazi, zidashobora gushyushya cyane, zitakaza ingufu nke za dielectric, ariko rubber ya ethylene propylene ni ibikoresho bishya, tugomba kugabanya urugero rwa rubber ya ethylene propylene ihuza, tukagabanya icika ry'uruhererekane rwa molekile ruterwa n'ibintu bifite uburemere buke bwa molekile, kugira ngo twongere imiterere igabanya umuriro w'ibikoresho;

(2) Umwotsi muke n'ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro bya halogen
Ahanini kuri polyvinyl chloride na polyethylene ya chlorosulfonated, ibikoresho bibiri. Ongeraho CaCO3 na A(IOH)3 muri formula ya PVC. Zinc borate na MoO3 bishobora kugabanya HCL irekurwa n'umuvuduko w'umwotsi wa polyvinyl chloride ibuza umuriro, bityo bikanoza ubukana bw'umuriro bw'ibikoresho, bikagabanya halogen, aside fung, imyuka ihumanya, ariko bishobora gutuma igipimo cya ogisijeni kigabanuka gato.

2. Ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro bidafite halogen

Polyolefin ni ibikoresho bitagira halogen, bigizwe na hydrocarboni zisenya dioxyde de carbone na amazi iyo zitwitswe nta myotsi myinshi n'imyuka yangiza. Polyolefin igizwe ahanini na polyethylene (PE) na ethylene – vinyl acetate polymers (E-VA). Ibi bikoresho ubwabyo ntibigira ikintu kidakora umuriro, bigomba kongeramo ibintu bitagira umuriro bidafite umwimerere n'ibintu bitagira umuriro bidafite phosphore, kugira ngo bitunganywemo ibikoresho bitagira umuriro bidafite halogen; Ariko, bitewe n'uko nta matsinda y'ibice biri ku ruhererekane rw'ibintu bitari ibice bifite hydrophobicity, isano n'ibintu bitagira umuriro bidafite umwimerere ni mbi, biragoye gufatana neza. Kugira ngo polyolefin irusheho gukora neza, surfactants zishobora kongerwa muri formula. Cyangwa muri polyolefin ivanze na polymeri zirimo amatsinda y'ibice biri ku ruhande, kugira ngo hongerwe ingano y'ibikoresho bitagira umuriro, kunoza imiterere ya mekanike n'imiterere yo gutunganya ibikoresho, mu gihe haboneka ikintu kitagira umuriro cyiza. Bigaragara ko insinga n'insinga bitagira umuriro bikiri byiza cyane, kandi ikoreshwa ryabyo ni ryiza cyane ku bidukikije.