Impamvu urwego rwo gukingira insinga ari ingenzi mu mikorere myiza?

Imiterere y'ibanze y'insinga z'amashanyarazi igizwe n'ibice bine: insinga y'imbere (conductor), insinga y'imbere, insinga y'imbere n'insinga y'imbere. Insinga y'imbere ni ahantu hatandukanya insinga n'ubutaka n'ibyiciro bitandukanye by'insinga y'imbere kugira ngo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihererekanywa, kandi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imiterere y'insinga z'amashanyarazi.

Uruhare rw'urwego rw'ubushyuhe:

Imbere mu nsinga ni conductor. Kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ibikoresho biterwa no kuzunguruka gugufi kw'insinga zigaragara ndetse no kwangiza abantu guterwa n'insinga zirenze voltage y'umutekano, hagomba kongerwaho urwego rwo kurinda insinga. Ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bw'icyuma gitwara insinga mu nsinga ni buke cyane, kandi ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bw'icyuma gitwara insinga ni bwinshi cyane. Impamvu icyuma gitwara insinga gishobora gutwikirwa ni uko: charges nziza na negative muri molekile z'icyuma gitwara insinga zifatanye cyane, uduce dushyushye dushobora kugenda mu buryo bwihuse ni duke cyane, kandi resistivity ni nini cyane, bityo muri rusange, macro current ikorwa n'ihindagurika ry'insinga munsi y'ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi yo hanze ishobora kwirengagizwa, kandi ifatwa nk'ikintu kidatwara insinga. Ku byuma bitwara insinga, hari voltage ya breakdown iha electron ingufu zihagije zo kuzishyushya. Iyo voltage ya breakdown irenze, ibikoresho ntibiba bigifite sireletso.

Ingaruka z'ubugari budafite ubuziranenge ku nsinga ni izihe?

Gabanya igihe cyo gukora cy'insinga n'insinga, niba agace gato k'icyuma gikingira insinga katujuje ibisabwa, nyuma yo gukora igihe kirekire, cyane cyane ahantu hatwikiriye, hapfutse, hafunguye cyangwa hangiritse, bitewe n'ingufu z'igihe kirekire z'icyuma cyo hanze, urwego rw'ubushyuhe n'urwego rwa mekanike rw'agace gato k'icyuma bizagabanuka. Gusuzuma icyuma gikingira insinga buri gihe cyangwa kunanirwa gufunga umurongo, agace gato gashobora kwangirika, ingaruka zo kurinda icyuma gikingira insinga zizabura. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ry'imbere ntirishobora kwirengagizwa, ingufu z'insinga n'insinga igihe kirekire zizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, bizagabanya igihe cyo gukora cy'insinga n'insinga. Niba ubuziranenge butari ku rwego rukwiye, bizatera inkongi n'ibindi byago by'umutekano.

Kongera ingorane zo gushyiramo insinga, mu gihe cyo gushyiramo insinga ugomba gutekereza gusiga icyuho, kugira ngo ubushyuhe butangwa nyuma y’imbaraga z’insinga n’insinga bugabanuke cyane byongera ingorane zo gushyiramo insinga, bityo ubunini bw’insinga busaba kubahiriza amahame ajyanye nabyo, bitabaye ibyo ntibishobora kugira uruhare mu kurinda insinga n’insinga. Kimwe mu biranga ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa kigaragarira mu miterere y’ibicuruzwa. Byaba insinga y’amashanyarazi cyangwa insinga yoroheje y’igitambaro, ubwiza bw’urwego rw’ubushyuhe bugomba kwitabwaho mu ikorwa, kandi bugomba kugenzurwa no kugeragezwa cyane.

Ahari abantu benshi bazagira gushidikanya, kubera ko uruhare rw'urwego rw'ubushyuhe ari runini cyane, ubuso bw'insinga y'amatara n'insinga ifite voltage nkeya bitwikiriwe n'urwego rw'ubushyuhe bwa pulasitiki cyangwa rubber, kandi insinga ifite voltage nyinshi mu murima ntabwo itwikiriwe n'ubushyuhe.

Kubera ko iyo umuriro uri hejuru cyane, bimwe mu bikoresho bibanza gukingira, nka rabha, pulasitiki, ibiti byumye, nibindi, nabyo bizaba ibyuma biyobora, kandi ntibizagira ingaruka zo gukingira. Gupfunyika insinga ku nsinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi ni ugupfusha ubusa amafaranga n'umutungo. Ubuso bw'insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi ntibutwikiriwe n'insinga, kandi iyo zimanitse ku munara muremure, zishobora kuva amashanyarazi bitewe no gukora ku munara. Kugira ngo hirindwe iki kibazo, insinga ifite amashanyarazi menshi ihora imanitse munsi y'amacupa maremare ya porcelain afite amashanyarazi menshi, kugira ngo insinga ifite amashanyarazi menshi ivane ku munara. Byongeye kandi, iyo ushyizeho insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi, ntuzikurure hasi. Bitabaye ibyo, bitewe n'ubushyamirane hagati y'insinga n'ubutaka, urwego rworoshye rwo gukingira rurangirika, kandi hari amacupa menshi, azasohora amazi mu mutwe, bigatera kuva.

Urusobe rw'insinga rushyirwaho hakurikijwe ibyo insinga ikeneye. Mu gikorwa cyo kuyikora, abakora inganda bagomba kugenzura ubugari bw'insinga bakurikije neza amabwiriza agenga imikorere, bakagera ku micungire myiza y'insinga, kandi bakagenzura ubuziranenge bw'insinga n'insinga.