Insinga n'insinga, zikora nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kohereza ingufu no gutumanaho amakuru, zifite imikorere ishingiye ku buryo butaziguye ku buryo bwo gutwikira no gutwikira insinga. Hamwe n'uburyo butandukanye bw'ibisabwa mu nganda zigezweho mu mikorere y'insinga, inzira enye z'ingenzi—gusohora, gupfunyika mu buryo bw'insinga, gupfunyika mu buryo bwa helical, no gutwikira mu mazi—bigaragaza ibyiza bidasanzwe mu bihe bitandukanye. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma uburyo ibikoresho bitoranywa, uburyo bikoreshwa, n'uburyo buri gikorwa gikoreshwa, itanga ishingiro ry'inyigisho ku miterere n'uburyo bwo guhitamo insinga.
1 Uburyo bwo Gusohora
1.1 Sisitemu z'ibikoresho
Uburyo bwo gusohora ibintu bukoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bya thermoplastic cyangwa thermosetting polymer:
① Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Ihendutse, yoroshye kuyitunganya, ikwiriye insinga zisanzwe zifite voltage nkeya (urugero, insinga zisanzwe za UL 1061), ariko zifite ubushobozi buke bwo kudakoresha ubushyuhe (ubushyuhe bukoreshwa igihe kirekire ≤70°C).
②Polyethylene ifatanye n'izindi (XLPE): Binyuze muri peroxide cyangwa imirasire inyuranyije, igipimo cy'ubushyuhe cyiyongera kikagera kuri 90°C (IEC 60502 standard), gikoreshwa ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi ziciriritse n'izifite voltage nyinshi.
③ Polyurethane ya Thermoplastic (TPU): Ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika buhuye na ISO 4649 Standard Grade A, ikoreshwa ku nsinga zo gukurura za robo.
④ Fluoroplastics (urugero, FEP): Irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (200°C) kandi irwanya ingese mu buryo bwa shimi, ihuye n'ibisabwa na MIL-W-22759 mu nsinga z'indege.
1.2 Ibiranga inzira
Ikoresha icyuma gisohora vis kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo buhoraho:
① Kugenzura ubushyuhe: XLPE isaba kugenzura ubushyuhe mu byiciro bitatu (agace ko kugaburiramo 120°C → agace ko gukanda 150°C → agace ko guhuza 180°C).
② Kugenzura Ubunini: Ubunini bugomba kuba ≤5% (nk'uko byavuzwe muri GB/T 2951.11).
③ Uburyo bwo gukonjesha: Gukonjesha amazi mu mwobo kugira ngo hirindwe ko crystallization icikagurika.
1.3 Ingero z'Ikoreshwa
① Ingufu zo kohereza: Insinga zishyushya za 35 kV no munsi ya XLPE (GB/T 12706).
② Insinga z'imodoka: Insinga za PVC zometse ku rukuta (ISO 6722 ubugari busanzwe bwa 0.13 mm).
③ Insinga zidasanzwe: Insinga za PTFE zirinda ubushyuhe (ASTM D3307).
2 Uburyo bwo gupfunyika mu gihe kirekire
2.1 Guhitamo ibikoresho
① Uduce tw'icyuma: 0.15 mmkaseti y'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bya galvanised(Ibisabwa na GB/T 2952), kaseti ya aluminiyumu itwikiriwe na pulasitiki (imiterere ya Al/PET/Al).
② Ibikoresho bifunga amazi: Kaseti ifunga amazi ipfutse ishyushye (igipimo cyo kubyimba ≥500%).
③ Ibikoresho byo gusudira: Insinga yo gusudira ya ER5356 ya aluminiyumu yo gusudira arc ya argon (AWS A5.10 isanzwe).
2.2 Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi
Uburyo bwo gupfunyika mu gihe kirekire bukubiyemo intambwe eshatu z'ingenzi:
① Gutunganya umurongo: Gupfunyika imirongo irambuye mu ishusho ya U → ishusho ya O binyuze mu kuzunguruka mu byiciro byinshi.
② Gusudira Guhoraho: Gusudira hakoreshejwe frequency nyinshi (frequency 400 kHz, umuvuduko wa 20 m/min).
③ Igenzura ryo kuri interineti: Igipimo cy'igerageza (voltage ya 9 kV/mm).
2.3 Porogaramu zisanzwe
① Insinga zo mu mazi: Inkingi z'icyuma zifite urwego rubiri (IEC 60840 imbaraga zisanzwe za mekanike ≥400 N/mm²).
② Insinga zo gucukura: Agakoresho ka aluminiyumu gakozwe muri korruga (MT 818.14 imbaraga zo gukanda ≥20 MPa).
③ Insinga z'itumanaho: Uburinzi bwo gupfunyika bukozwe muri aluminiyumu na pulasitiki (igihombo cyo kwanduzanya ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).
Uburyo 3 bwo gupfunyika mu cyuma gikingira urutare
3.1 Uruvange rw'ibikoresho
① Kaseti ya Mica: Ingano ya Muscovite ≥95% (GB/T 5019.6), ubushyuhe bwo kwirinda umuriro 1000°C/iminota 90.
② Kaseti ikora ibinyabiziga: Ingano y'umukara wa karuboni 30% ～40% (ubudahangarwa bw'amazi 10² ～10³ Ω·cm).
③ Kaseti zivanze: Filimi ya Polyester + umwenda utari uwo kudoda (ubugari bwa mm 0.05 ± mm 0.005).
3.2 Ibipimo by'imikorere
① Inguni yo gupfunyika: 25°～55° (inguni nto itanga ubushobozi bwo gukomera).
② Igipimo cy'imikoreshereze y'insinga: 50% ～70% (insinga zirinda umuriro zisaba imikoreshereze 100%).
③ Kugenzura Umuvuduko: 0.5～2 N/mm² (igenzura rya moteri ya servo ifunganye).
3.3 Porogaramu zigezweho
① Insinga z'amashanyarazi za kirimbuzi: Gupfunyika kaseti ya mica ifite urwego rutatu (ikizamini cya IEEE 383 gisanzwe cya LOCA cyujuje ibisabwa).
② Insinga zikora cyane: Gupfunyika kaseti ifunga amazi ikoresheje uburyo bwa semiconducting (igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo kubika umuriro ≥98%).
③ Insinga zikoresha frequency nyinshi: PTFE film wrapping (dielectric constant 2.1 @ 1MHz).
Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi mu mazi (Dip Coating)
4.1 Sisitemu zo gusiga
① Irangi rya Asphalt: Kwinjira 60～80 (0.1 mm) @25°C (GB/T 4507).
② Polyurethane: Sisitemu y'ibice bibiri (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), gufatana ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Ingufu zikozwe mu buryo bwa Nano: SiO₂ epoxy resin yahinduwe (ikizamini cyo gusukura umunyu >amasaha 1000).
4.2 Kunoza Imikorere
① Gutera umwuka mu cyuma gishyushye: Umuvuduko wa 0.08 MPa ugumaho iminota 30 (igipimo cyo kuzuza imyenge >95%).
② Gupima UV: Uburebure bw'urumuri 365 nm, ubukana 800 mJ/cm².
③ Kumisha ubushyuhe: 40°C × amasaha 2 → 80°C × amasaha 4 → 120°C × isaha 1.
4.3 Porogaramu zihariye
① Imashini zitwara amazi hejuru y'umuyoboro: Ingufu zirinda kwangirika zahinduwe na Graphene (ubucucike bw'umunyu bwagabanutseho 70%).
② Insinga zo mu bwato: Irangi rya polyurea rivura ubwaryo (igihe cyo gukira kw'amasasu munsi y'amasaha 24).
③ Insinga zishyinguwe: Irangi rikoresha uburyo bwa semiconducting (ubudahangarwa bwo gusimbuka ≤5 Ω·km).
5 Umwanzuro
Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho bishya n'ibikoresho by'ubwenge, inzira zo gutwikira zirimo guhinduka zigana ku guhuza no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho ryo gupfunyika no gutwikira rituma habaho gukora hamwe ibikoresho bitatu byo gupfunyika no gutwikira aluminium, kandi insinga z'itumanaho za 5G zikoresha insulation ya nano-coating + gupfunyika. Guhanga udushya mu mikorere y'ejo hazaza bigomba kubona uburinganire bwiza hagati yo kugenzura ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere, bigatera imbere mu nganda z'insinga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2025