Ibigize imiterere yibikoresho byinsinga ninsinga birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bine byingenzi byubatswe: imiyoboro, ibyingenzi, gukingira ibyatsi, hamwe no kuzuza ibintu hamwe nibintu bitesha umutwe, nibindi. Ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bifite imiterere yoroshye cyane, hamwe nibikoresho bimwe byubaka, insinga, nkibikoresho byo mumashanyarazi ya bisi (insinga za bisi) insulator hamwe nintera iri hagati mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyishyiraho (ni ukuvuga ukoresheje izirinda ikirere).
Umubare munini wibikoresho byinsinga na kabili bifite imiterere imwe ihuza ibice (wirengagije amakosa yo gukora) kandi biri muburyo bwimigozi miremire. Ibi bigenwa nimiterere ikoreshwa mugukora imirongo cyangwa ibishishwa muri sisitemu cyangwa ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, mugihe wiga kandi ugasesengura imiterere yibicuruzwa byinsinga, birakenewe gusa kwitegereza no gusesengura uhereye kubice byabo.
Ibikurikira nisesengura rirambuye ryimiterere ya kabili nibikoresho bya kabili:
1. Imiterere ya kabili igizwe: Umuyobozi
Insinga nibyingenzi byingenzi kandi byingirakamaro kubicuruzwa kugirango bikore umurimo wo kohereza amakuru yumuriro cyangwa amashanyarazi. Umugozi ni impfunyapfunyo yimikorere.
Nibihe bikoresho bikubiye mumashanyarazi? Ibikoresho byabayobora muri rusange bikozwe mubyuma bidafite ferrous bifite amashanyarazi meza cyane nkumuringa na aluminium. Intsinga ya optique ikoreshwa mumiyoboro yitumanaho ya optique yateye imbere byihuse mumyaka mirongo itatu ishize cyangwa ikoresha fibre optique nkuyobora.
2. Imiterere ya kabili igizwe: Igikoresho cyo kubika
Icyuma gikingira ni ikintu gikubiyemo impande zose z'insinga kandi ikora nk'imashanyarazi. Nukuvuga ko, irashobora kwemeza ko imiyoboro yanduye cyangwa amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, imiraba yumucyo igenda gusa murugozi kandi ntisohoka hanze. Ubushobozi ku kiyobora (ni ukuvuga, itandukaniro rishobora kuba ryarakozwe mubintu bikikije, ni ukuvuga voltage) birashobora kwigunga. Nukuvuga ko, birakenewe kwemeza imikorere isanzwe yohereza insinga numutekano wibintu byo hanze nabantu. Intsinga hamwe nibice bibiri byingenzi bigomba kuba bihari kugirango bibe ibicuruzwa (usibye insinga zambaye ubusa).
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubika insinga: Mu nsinga z'insinga z'insinga, gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho byo kubika insinga ahanini biri mu byiciro bibiri: plastiki na reberi. Ibikoresho bya polymer biriganje, bituma habaho ubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga ninsinga zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye nibisabwa kubidukikije. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byokoresha insinga ninsinga zirimo polyvinyl chloride (PVC),guhuza polyethylene (XLPE), fluoroplastique, ibyuma bya reberi, ibinyabuzima bya etilene propylene, hamwe nibikoresho bya insuline ya silicone.
3. Imiterere ya kabili igizwe: Urupapuro
Iyo insinga ninsinga byashizwemo kandi bigakorerwa ahantu hatandukanye, hagomba kubaho ibice birinda ibicuruzwa byose, cyane cyane urwego rwimikorere. Uru ni urusenda. Kuberako ibikoresho byokwirinda bisabwa kugira ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi byubwoko bwose, birakenewe ko bisukurwa cyane kandi bifite umwanda muke mubikoresho. Akenshi, ntibishoboka kuzirikana ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurinda isi. Kubwibyo, inzego zinyuranye zirinda zigomba kuba zifite inshingano zo guhangana cyangwa kurwanya imbaraga zinyuranye zituruka hanze (ni ukuvuga, gushiraho, aho zikoreshwa no mugihe zikoreshwa), kurwanya ibidukikije byo mu kirere, kurwanya imiti cyangwa amavuta, gukumira ibyangizwa n’ibinyabuzima, no kugabanya ingaruka z’umuriro. Imikorere nyamukuru yimigozi ya kabili ni ukwirinda amazi, kutagira umuriro, kurwanya umuriro no gukumira ruswa. Ibicuruzwa byinshi byabugenewe byabugenewe kubidukikije byiza (nkibidukikije bisukuye, byumye, hamwe n’imbere mu nzu bitarimo imbaraga ziva hanze), cyangwa abafite ibikoresho byokwirinda bifite imbaraga zumukanishi hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, barashobora gukora nta kintu kibarinda.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho bya kabili bihari? Ibikoresho nyamukuru bikoreshwa mubyuma birimo reberi, plastike, coating, silicone, nibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya fibre, nibindi. Ibiranga reberi na plastike irinda plastike ni ubworoherane n'umucyo, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mumigozi igendanwa. Nyamara, kubera ko ibikoresho bya reberi n'ibikoresho bya pulasitike bifite urwego runaka rw’amazi yinjira, birashobora gukoreshwa gusa mugihe ibikoresho byinshi bya polymer bifite imbaraga nyinshi birwanya ubushuhe bikoreshwa nkumugozi. Noneho abakoresha bamwe bashobora kubaza impamvu plastike ikoreshwa nkurwego rwo kurinda isoko? Ugereranije n'ibiranga ibishishwa bya pulasitiki, ibyuma bya reberi bifite ubuhanga bworoshye kandi bworoshye, birwanya gusaza, ariko uburyo bwo gukora buragoye. Amabati ya plastiki afite imiterere yubukanishi hamwe n’amazi arwanya amazi, kandi ni menshi mubutunzi, hasi kubiciro kandi byoroshye gutunganya. Kubwibyo, zikoreshwa cyane ku isoko. Byakagombye kumenyekana nabagenzi binganda ko hari ubundi bwoko bwicyuma. Amabati y'icyuma ntabwo afite imirimo yo gukingira gusa ahubwo afite n'umurimo wo gukingira twavuze hepfo. Bafite kandi ibintu nko kurwanya ruswa, imbaraga zo kwikomeretsa no gukomera, hamwe n’amazi arwanya amazi, bishobora kubuza ubushuhe n’ibindi bintu byangiza kwinjira mu nzu y’imbere y’umugozi. Kubwibyo, bikoreshwa cyane nkibishishwa byamavuta yatewe impapuro zashizwemo insinga z'amashanyarazi zifite ubukana buke.
4. Imiterere ya kabili igizwe: Shielding layer
Igice cyo gukingira nikintu cyingenzi mubikoresho bya kabili kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi wenyine. Ntishobora gusa kubuza ibimenyetso bya electromagnetiki yimbere gusohoka no kubangamira ibikoresho byo hanze, metero cyangwa indi mirongo, ariko kandi birashobora guhagarika imiyoboro ya electroniki ya magnetiki yinjira mumashanyarazi ikoresheje guhuza. Mu buryo bwubaka, igikoresho cyo gukingira ntabwo gishyizwe hanze yumugozi gusa ahubwo kibaho hagati yama matsinda cyangwa amatsinda yinsinga mumigozi myinshi yibice, bikora urwego rwinshi "ecran ya electronique magnetique". Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ibisabwa byiyongera ku nsinga zikoresha itumanaho ryinshi no kurwanya kwivanga, ibikoresho byo gukingira byahindutse biva mu mpapuro gakondo zikozwe mu byuma hamwe na kaseti ya semiconductor kugeza ku bikoresho byateye imbere nkaaluminium foil mylar kaseti, kaseti y'umuringa ya mylar, na kaseti y'umuringa. Inzego zisanzwe zo gukingira zirimo ibice byo gukingira imbere bikozwe muri polymer ziyobora cyangwa kaseti ya semiconductive, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukingira hanze nka kaseti y'umuringa maremare maremare hamwe no gushiramo umuringa. Muri byo, igipande cyiziritse gikoresha umuringa usize amabati kugirango wongere ruswa. Kubintu bidasanzwe byo gukoresha, nk'insinga zihindagurika zikoresha insinga z'umuringa + umuringa w’umuringa ukomatanya gukingira, insinga zamakuru zikoresha aluminium foil longitudinal gupfunyika + igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe ninsinga zubuvuzi zisaba gukwirakwizwa cyane na feza zometseho umuringa. Mugihe cyibihe bya 5G, imiterere yo gukingira imvange ya kaseti ya aluminium-plastiki hamwe no kuboha insinga zikozwe mu muringa byabaye igisubizo nyamukuru cy’insinga zikoresha umurongo mwinshi. Imyitozo yinganda yerekana ko urwego rwo gukingira rwahindutse ruva mubikoresho bigera kumurongo wigenga wa kabili. Guhitamo ibikoresho kubyo bigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ibiranga inshuro, imikorere igoramye hamwe nibiciro kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa na electromagnetic ihuza ibisabwa bitandukanye.
5. Imiterere ya kabili igizwe: Imiterere yuzuye
Ibicuruzwa byinshi byinsinga nibikoresho byingirakamaro. Kurugero, insinga nyinshi zumuriro wamashanyarazi ninsinga enye cyangwa insinga eshanu (zikwiranye na sisitemu yibice bitatu), naho insinga za terefone zo mumijyi ziza zibiri 800, 1200, 2400 kugeza kuri 3600. Nyuma yibi bikoresho byinsinga cyangwa bibiri byabitswe (cyangwa bigashyirwa mumatsinda inshuro nyinshi), haribibazo bibiri: kimwe nuko imiterere itazengurutse, ikindi nuko hariho icyuho kinini hagati yinsinga zashizwemo. Kubwibyo, imiterere yuzuye igomba kongerwaho mugihe cabling. Imiterere yuzuye ni ugukora diameter yinyuma ya cabling ugereranije, ikaba ifasha gupfunyika no gusohora sheath, kandi no gukora imiterere ya kabili ihamye kandi imbere ikomera. Mugihe cyo gukoresha (mugihe urambuye, gukanda no kunama mugihe cyo gukora no kurambika), imbaraga zirakoreshwa neza nta kwangiza imiterere yimbere yumugozi. Kubwibyo, nubwo imiterere yuzuye ari imiterere yingoboka, irakenewe kandi, kandi hariho amabwiriza arambuye kubijyanye no guhitamo ibikoresho no gushushanya imiterere.
Ibikoresho byuzuza insinga: Mubisanzwe, abuzuza insinga zirimo kaseti ya polypropilene, umugozi wa PP udoda, umugozi wa hemp, cyangwa ibikoresho bihendutse bikozwe muri reberi yongeye gukoreshwa. Kugira ngo ikoreshwe nk'ibikoresho byuzuza insinga, igomba kuba ifite ibiranga kudatera ingaruka mbi ku cyuma cyiziritse, kutaba hygroscopique yonyine, kudakunda kugabanuka no kutangirika.
6. Imiterere ya kabili igizwe: Ibintu bitesha umutwe
Ibikoresho gakondo hamwe nibikoresho bya kabili bishingikiriza kumurongo wintwaro yicyatsi kugirango bahangane nimbaraga ziva hanze cyangwa imbaraga zingutu ziterwa nuburemere bwabo. Imiterere isanzwe ni ibyuma bya kaseti hamwe nicyuma cyicyuma (urugero, kubitsinga byamazi yo mu mazi, insinga zibyuma zifite umubyimba wa diametero 8mm zirakoreshwa kandi zigahinduka kugirango zikore urwego rwintwaro). Ariko rero, kugirango urinde fibre optique imbaraga zidahwitse kandi hirindwe ihinduka rito rya fibre ishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere, imiyoboro ya fibre optique ifite ibikoresho byambere kandi byisumbuye hamwe nibikoresho byabigenewe. Byongeye kandi, niba insinga ya terefone ya terefone igendanwa ifata imiterere aho insinga nziza z'umuringa cyangwa kaseti yoroheje y'umuringa ikomerekejwe hafi ya fibre fibre ya fibre kandi igashyirwa hanze, iyi fayili ya fibre synthique ni ikintu gikaze. Mu gusoza, mubicuruzwa bidasanzwe, bito kandi byoroshye byatejwe imbere mumyaka yashize bisaba gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi no kugoreka, ibintu bitesha umutwe bigira uruhare runini.
Nibihe bikoresho birimo ibice bya kabili: imirongo yicyuma, insinga zicyuma, hamwe nicyuma kidafite ingese
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-25-2025